Topic 10 Practice Test 2 covers Routing Tables and Forwarding Decisions for Cisco Certified Network Associate 200-301 CCNA and maps to objectives 3.1–3.2. For broader exam preparation, review the Cisco CCNA 200-301 Exam Dumps. Every option includes focused technical reasoning explaining both the networking concept and its fit to the scenario.
Question 1
At Grove, a packet to 10.20.30.44 follows 10.20.30.0/24 even though the /16 route has a lower administrative distance. What explains the forwarding result? Choose ONE.
- 10.20.30.0/24
- 0.0.0.0/0
- 10.20.0.0/16
- The route with the lowest administrative distance
Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer
Answer A is correct because Packet forwarding selects the most specific installed prefix, so a /24 match wins over a /16 for an address contained in both. For CHG-7472 at Grove, the network operations analyst checks Grove’s protocol state; CHG-7472 is judged from the observable result at Grove. For CHG-7472, this choice fits Grove: the network operations analyst gets the required Grove outcome and can verify CHG-7472 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because The /16 is a valid match, but it is less specific than the installed /24 and therefore is not selected for this destination. For CHG-7472 at Grove, the network operations analyst checks Grove’s protocol state; CHG-7472 is judged from the observable result at Grove. For CHG-7472, this choice fails Grove: the network operations analyst leaves the required Grove condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q01, should reject it for chg-7472.
Answer B is incorrect because A default route is used only when no more-specific installed prefix matches the destination. For CHG-7472 at Grove, the network operations analyst checks Grove’s protocol state; CHG-7472 is judged from the observable result at Grove. For CHG-7472, this choice fails Grove: the network operations analyst leaves the required Grove condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q01, should reject it for chg-7472.
Answer D is incorrect because Administrative distance influences which competing routes to the same prefix enter the RIB; it does not override longest-prefix matching during forwarding. For CHG-7472 at Grove, the network operations analyst checks Grove’s protocol state; CHG-7472 is judged from the observable result at Grove. For CHG-7472, this choice fails Grove: the network operations analyst leaves the required Grove condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q01, should reject it for chg-7472.
Question 2
A Jasper router unexpectedly installs a static 192.0.2.0/24 instead of the OSPF route to the identical prefix. Which default selection rule explains this? Choose ONE.
- OSPF route
- Whichever route was learned first
- Static route
- Whichever route has the longer prefix
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer
Answer C is correct because A normal static route has administrative distance 1, which is lower and therefore preferred over OSPF AD 110 for the same prefix. For CHG-7489 at Jasper, the NOC analyst checks Jasper’s protocol state; CHG-7489 is judged from the observable result at Jasper. For CHG-7489, this choice fits Jasper: the NOC analyst gets the required Jasper outcome and can verify CHG-7489 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer A is incorrect because OSPF has default AD 110, so it loses to a normal static route with AD 1 when both describe the same prefix. For CHG-7489 at Jasper, the NOC analyst checks Jasper’s protocol state; CHG-7489 is judged from the observable result at Jasper. For CHG-7489, this choice fails Jasper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Jasper condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q02, should reject it for chg-7489.
Answer D is incorrect because The prefixes are identical here, so longest-prefix comparison does not distinguish the candidate routes during RIB installation. For CHG-7489 at Jasper, the NOC analyst checks Jasper’s protocol state; CHG-7489 is judged from the observable result at Jasper. For CHG-7489, this choice fails Jasper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Jasper condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q02, should reject it for chg-7489.
Answer B is incorrect because Route age is not the primary selection rule between static and OSPF sources for the same prefix. For CHG-7489 at Jasper, the NOC analyst checks Jasper’s protocol state; CHG-7489 is judged from the observable result at Jasper. For CHG-7489, this choice fails Jasper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Jasper condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q02, should reject it for chg-7489.
Question 3
The Monarch routing table contains only the OSPF path with cost 20 even though another OSPF path to the same prefix has cost 35. Why? Choose ONE.
- The path with the highest router ID
- Both paths because OSPF ignores metric
- The path with OSPF cost 35
- The path with OSPF cost 20
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because Within the same routing protocol and route type, the lower metric is preferred; for OSPF that means the lower accumulated cost. For CHG-7506 at Monarch, the network operations analyst checks Monarch’s protocol state; CHG-7506 is judged from the observable result at Monarch. For CHG-7506, this choice fits Monarch: the network operations analyst gets the required Monarch outcome and can verify CHG-7506 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because A higher OSPF cost represents a less preferred path, not a better one. For CHG-7506 at Monarch, the network operations analyst checks Monarch’s protocol state; CHG-7506 is judged from the observable result at Monarch. For CHG-7506, this choice fails Monarch: the network operations analyst leaves the required Monarch condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q03, should reject it for chg-7506.
Answer B is incorrect because OSPF explicitly uses cost as its metric, so unequal-cost paths are not both selected merely because they share a protocol. For CHG-7506 at Monarch, the network operations analyst checks Monarch’s protocol state; CHG-7506 is judged from the observable result at Monarch. For CHG-7506, this choice fails Monarch: the network operations analyst leaves the required Monarch condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q03, should reject it for chg-7506.
Answer A is incorrect because Router ID participates in OSPF control-plane identification and elections, not ordinary unequal-cost path selection for a destination. For CHG-7506 at Monarch, the network operations analyst checks Monarch’s protocol state; CHG-7506 is judged from the observable result at Monarch. For CHG-7506, this choice fails Monarch: the network operations analyst leaves the required Monarch condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q03, should reject it for chg-7506.
Question 4
A Beacon engineer sees `C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected`. Which source created that route? Choose ONE.
- OSPF route
- Local host route
- Static route
- Connected network
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because The C code identifies a directly connected network installed because an interface in that subnet is operational. For CHG-7523 at Beacon, the NOC analyst checks Beacon’s protocol state; CHG-7523 is judged from the observable result at Beacon. For CHG-7523, this choice fits Beacon: the NOC analyst gets the required Beacon outcome and can verify CHG-7523 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because Static routes use the S route code rather than C. For CHG-7523 at Beacon, the NOC analyst checks Beacon’s protocol state; CHG-7523 is judged from the observable result at Beacon. For CHG-7523, this choice fails Beacon: the NOC analyst leaves the required Beacon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q04, should reject it for chg-7523.
Answer A is incorrect because OSPF-learned routes normally use O or an O-derived code, not C. For CHG-7523 at Beacon, the NOC analyst checks Beacon’s protocol state; CHG-7523 is judged from the observable result at Beacon. For CHG-7523, this choice fails Beacon: the NOC analyst leaves the required Beacon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q04, should reject it for chg-7523.
Answer B is incorrect because The L code identifies the local interface-address host route; C represents the connected subnet. For CHG-7523 at Beacon, the NOC analyst checks Beacon’s protocol state; CHG-7523 is judged from the observable result at Beacon. For CHG-7523, this choice fails Beacon: the NOC analyst leaves the required Beacon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q04, should reject it for chg-7523.
Question 5
During CHG-7540, Ember sees `S* 0.0.0.0/0`. What does the `S` portion identify? Choose ONE.
- Static route
- Connected route
- OSPF route
- Local interface address
Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer
Answer A is correct because Cisco route code S denotes a route configured statically rather than learned from a dynamic routing protocol. For CHG-7540 at Ember, the network operations analyst checks Ember’s protocol state; CHG-7540 is judged from the observable result at Ember. For CHG-7540, this choice fits Ember: the network operations analyst gets the required Ember outcome and can verify CHG-7540 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because OSPF routes use O-related codes, not S. For CHG-7540 at Ember, the network operations analyst checks Ember’s protocol state; CHG-7540 is judged from the observable result at Ember. For CHG-7540, this choice fails Ember: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ember condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q05, should reject it for chg-7540.
Answer B is incorrect because Connected networks are marked C. For CHG-7540 at Ember, the network operations analyst checks Ember’s protocol state; CHG-7540 is judged from the observable result at Ember. For CHG-7540, this choice fails Ember: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ember condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q05, should reject it for chg-7540.
Answer D is incorrect because A local interface host route is marked L on IPv4 IOS routing tables. For CHG-7540 at Ember, the network operations analyst checks Ember’s protocol state; CHG-7540 is judged from the observable result at Ember. For CHG-7540, this choice fails Ember: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ember condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q05, should reject it for chg-7540.
Question 6
A Harbor operator is tracing a route marked `O`. Which control-plane protocol supplied it? Choose ONE.
- Static routing
- Local interface host route
- OSPF
- Connected interface
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer
Answer C is correct because The O route code identifies a prefix learned through Open Shortest Path First. For CHG-7557 at Harbor, the NOC analyst checks Harbor’s protocol state; CHG-7557 is judged from the observable result at Harbor. For CHG-7557, this choice fits Harbor: the NOC analyst gets the required Harbor outcome and can verify CHG-7557 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer A is incorrect because Static routes use S. For CHG-7557 at Harbor, the NOC analyst checks Harbor’s protocol state; CHG-7557 is judged from the observable result at Harbor. For CHG-7557, this choice fails Harbor: the NOC analyst leaves the required Harbor condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q06, should reject it for chg-7557.
Answer D is incorrect because Connected subnets use C. For CHG-7557 at Harbor, the NOC analyst checks Harbor’s protocol state; CHG-7557 is judged from the observable result at Harbor. For CHG-7557, this choice fails Harbor: the NOC analyst leaves the required Harbor condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q06, should reject it for chg-7557.
Answer B is incorrect because Local interface addresses use L rather than O. For CHG-7557 at Harbor, the NOC analyst checks Harbor’s protocol state; CHG-7557 is judged from the observable result at Harbor. For CHG-7557, this choice fails Harbor: the NOC analyst leaves the required Harbor condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q06, should reject it for chg-7557.
Question 7
While reading `show ip route` at Keystone, network operations analyst sees next hop 192.0.2.1. What is its forwarding significance? Choose ONE.
- The administrative distance
- The destination prefix
- The route metric
- The next-hop router for that route
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because The `via` address is the Layer 3 next hop to which packets matching the route are forwarded after neighbor resolution. For CHG-7574 at Keystone, the network operations analyst checks Keystone’s protocol state; CHG-7574 is judged from the observable result at Keystone. For CHG-7574, this choice fits Keystone: the network operations analyst gets the required Keystone outcome and can verify CHG-7574 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because Metrics are separate numeric values used by routing protocols and are not represented by the next-hop IP address. For CHG-7574 at Keystone, the network operations analyst checks Keystone’s protocol state; CHG-7574 is judged from the observable result at Keystone. For CHG-7574, this choice fails Keystone: the network operations analyst leaves the required Keystone condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q07, should reject it for chg-7574.
Answer B is incorrect because The destination prefix is listed separately from the `via` next-hop address. For CHG-7574 at Keystone, the network operations analyst checks Keystone’s protocol state; CHG-7574 is judged from the observable result at Keystone. For CHG-7574, this choice fails Keystone: the network operations analyst leaves the required Keystone condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q07, should reject it for chg-7574.
Answer A is incorrect because Administrative distance is normally shown in brackets with the metric, not as a next-hop IP address. For CHG-7574 at Keystone, the network operations analyst checks Keystone’s protocol state; CHG-7574 is judged from the observable result at Keystone. For CHG-7574, this choice fails Keystone: the network operations analyst leaves the required Keystone condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q07, should reject it for chg-7574.
Question 8
A Northstar packet has no specific matching route. The router has a gateway of last resort. What path is considered next? Choose ONE.
- The DNS server
- The NTP source
- The OSPF DR
- The default route through 198.51.100.1
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because The gateway of last resort identifies the next hop associated with the default route used when no more-specific route matches. For CHG-7591 at Northstar, the NOC analyst checks Northstar’s protocol state; CHG-7591 is judged from the observable result at Northstar. For CHG-7591, this choice fits Northstar: the NOC analyst gets the required Northstar outcome and can verify CHG-7591 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because A designated router is an OSPF broadcast-segment role and is unrelated to the router-wide default forwarding gateway. For CHG-7591 at Northstar, the NOC analyst checks Northstar’s protocol state; CHG-7591 is judged from the observable result at Northstar. For CHG-7591, this choice fails Northstar: the NOC analyst leaves the required Northstar condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q08, should reject it for chg-7591.
Answer A is incorrect because DNS resolves names and does not act as the routing gateway of last resort. For CHG-7591 at Northstar, the NOC analyst checks Northstar’s protocol state; CHG-7591 is judged from the observable result at Northstar. For CHG-7591, this choice fails Northstar: the NOC analyst leaves the required Northstar condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q08, should reject it for chg-7591.
Answer B is incorrect because NTP provides time synchronization, not default packet forwarding. For CHG-7591 at Northstar, the NOC analyst checks Northstar’s protocol state; CHG-7591 is judged from the observable result at Northstar. For CHG-7591, this choice fails Northstar: the NOC analyst leaves the required Northstar condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q08, should reject it for chg-7591.
Question 9
The Quartz default route is healthy, yet traffic to 172.16.50.25 uses the explicit /24. Why? Choose ONE.
- 172.16.50.0/24
- Whichever route has the newer timestamp
- 0.0.0.0/0
- Both routes equally
Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer
Answer A is correct because A /24 is more specific than 0.0.0.0/0, so longest-prefix matching selects it for destinations inside that subnet. For CHG-7608 at Quartz, the network operations analyst checks Quartz’s protocol state; CHG-7608 is judged from the observable result at Quartz. For CHG-7608, this choice fits Quartz: the network operations analyst gets the required Quartz outcome and can verify CHG-7608 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because The default is a fallback and loses when a more-specific installed route matches. For CHG-7608 at Quartz, the network operations analyst checks Quartz’s protocol state; CHG-7608 is judged from the observable result at Quartz. For CHG-7608, this choice fails Quartz: the network operations analyst leaves the required Quartz condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q09, should reject it for chg-7608.
Answer B is incorrect because Forwarding does not select between installed prefixes based on route age. For CHG-7608 at Quartz, the network operations analyst checks Quartz’s protocol state; CHG-7608 is judged from the observable result at Quartz. For CHG-7608, this choice fails Quartz: the network operations analyst leaves the required Quartz condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q09, should reject it for chg-7608.
Answer D is incorrect because Different prefix lengths are not equal-cost alternatives for the same forwarding lookup; the longest match wins. For CHG-7608 at Quartz, the network operations analyst checks Quartz’s protocol state; CHG-7608 is judged from the observable result at Quartz. For CHG-7608, this choice fails Quartz: the network operations analyst leaves the required Quartz condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q09, should reject it for chg-7608.
Question 10
A Timber engineer compares route sources and notes the connected route is treated as most trustworthy by default. What AD does it use? Choose ONE.
- 1
- 120
- 0
- 110
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer
Answer C is correct because Connected routes have administrative distance 0, reflecting that the subnet is directly attached to an operational interface. For CHG-7625 at Timber, the NOC analyst checks Timber’s protocol state; CHG-7625 is judged from the observable result at Timber. For CHG-7625, this choice fits Timber: the NOC analyst gets the required Timber outcome and can verify CHG-7625 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer A is incorrect because AD 1 is the normal default for static routes, not connected routes. For CHG-7625 at Timber, the NOC analyst checks Timber’s protocol state; CHG-7625 is judged from the observable result at Timber. For CHG-7625, this choice fails Timber: the NOC analyst leaves the required Timber condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q10, should reject it for chg-7625.
Answer D is incorrect because AD 110 is the normal OSPF default. For CHG-7625 at Timber, the NOC analyst checks Timber’s protocol state; CHG-7625 is judged from the observable result at Timber. For CHG-7625, this choice fails Timber: the NOC analyst leaves the required Timber condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q10, should reject it for chg-7625.
Answer B is incorrect because AD 120 is associated with RIP, not connected routing. For CHG-7625 at Timber, the NOC analyst checks Timber’s protocol state; CHG-7625 is judged from the observable result at Timber. For CHG-7625, this choice fails Timber: the NOC analyst leaves the required Timber condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q10, should reject it for chg-7625.
Question 11
At Willow, a static route competes with OSPF for the same prefix and wins with default settings. Which static-route AD explains the result? Choose ONE.
- 110
- 90
- 0
- 1
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because A normal static route uses administrative distance 1 unless another distance is explicitly configured. For CHG-7642 at Willow, the network operations analyst checks Willow’s protocol state; CHG-7642 is judged from the observable result at Willow. For CHG-7642, this choice fits Willow: the network operations analyst gets the required Willow outcome and can verify CHG-7642 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because AD 0 is reserved for connected routes. For CHG-7642 at Willow, the network operations analyst checks Willow’s protocol state; CHG-7642 is judged from the observable result at Willow. For CHG-7642, this choice fails Willow: the network operations analyst leaves the required Willow condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q11, should reject it for chg-7642.
Answer B is incorrect because AD 90 is the familiar default for internal EIGRP. For CHG-7642 at Willow, the network operations analyst checks Willow’s protocol state; CHG-7642 is judged from the observable result at Willow. For CHG-7642, this choice fails Willow: the network operations analyst leaves the required Willow condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q11, should reject it for chg-7642.
Answer A is incorrect because AD 110 is OSPF, which is less preferred than a normal static route for the identical prefix. For CHG-7642 at Willow, the network operations analyst checks Willow’s protocol state; CHG-7642 is judged from the observable result at Willow. For CHG-7642, this choice fails Willow: the network operations analyst leaves the required Willow condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q11, should reject it for chg-7642.
Question 12
A Zephyr route shows OSPF as less preferred than a normal static route for the same prefix. Which OSPF AD is used by default? Choose ONE.
- 90
- 120
- 1
- 110
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because Cisco IOS uses administrative distance 110 for OSPF by default. For CHG-7659 at Zephyr, the NOC analyst checks Zephyr’s protocol state; CHG-7659 is judged from the observable result at Zephyr. For CHG-7659, this choice fits Zephyr: the NOC analyst gets the required Zephyr outcome and can verify CHG-7659 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because AD 1 is the normal static-route default. For CHG-7659 at Zephyr, the NOC analyst checks Zephyr’s protocol state; CHG-7659 is judged from the observable result at Zephyr. For CHG-7659, this choice fails Zephyr: the NOC analyst leaves the required Zephyr condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q12, should reject it for chg-7659.
Answer A is incorrect because AD 90 is typically internal EIGRP. For CHG-7659 at Zephyr, the NOC analyst checks Zephyr’s protocol state; CHG-7659 is judged from the observable result at Zephyr. For CHG-7659, this choice fails Zephyr: the NOC analyst leaves the required Zephyr condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q12, should reject it for chg-7659.
Answer B is incorrect because AD 120 is typically RIP. For CHG-7659 at Zephyr, the NOC analyst checks Zephyr’s protocol state; CHG-7659 is judged from the observable result at Zephyr. For CHG-7659, this choice fails Zephyr: the NOC analyst leaves the required Zephyr condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q12, should reject it for chg-7659.
Question 13
At Canyon, a backup static route is installed only after the OSPF path disappears. What configuration characteristic enables this behavior? Choose ONE.
- A static administrative distance greater than 110
- A shorter prefix than the OSPF route
- A static administrative distance of 1
- A higher OSPF metric on the static route
Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer
Answer A is correct because A floating static route uses an AD higher than the preferred dynamic route, so OSPF remains installed until it becomes unavailable. For CHG-7676 at Canyon, the network operations analyst checks Canyon’s protocol state; CHG-7676 is judged from the observable result at Canyon. For CHG-7676, this choice fits Canyon: the network operations analyst gets the required Canyon outcome and can verify CHG-7676 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because AD 1 would make the static route preferred over OSPF instead of a backup. For CHG-7676 at Canyon, the network operations analyst checks Canyon’s protocol state; CHG-7676 is judged from the observable result at Canyon. For CHG-7676, this choice fails Canyon: the network operations analyst leaves the required Canyon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q13, should reject it for chg-7676.
Answer B is incorrect because Changing prefix length creates a different forwarding destination and does not implement backup for the same route. For CHG-7676 at Canyon, the network operations analyst checks Canyon’s protocol state; CHG-7676 is judged from the observable result at Canyon. For CHG-7676, this choice fails Canyon: the network operations analyst leaves the required Canyon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q13, should reject it for chg-7676.
Answer D is incorrect because Static routes do not use OSPF cost as their selection metric. For CHG-7676 at Canyon, the network operations analyst checks Canyon’s protocol state; CHG-7676 is judged from the observable result at Canyon. For CHG-7676, this choice fails Canyon: the network operations analyst leaves the required Canyon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q13, should reject it for chg-7676.
Question 14
A Frontier route with OSPF cost 40 is absent while the cost-10 route is installed. Which rule accounts for that choice? Choose ONE.
- Cost 40
- The route with the longer next-hop address
- Cost 10
- The route with higher administrative distance
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer
Answer C is correct because OSPF selects the lower cost when comparing paths from the same protocol to the same destination. For CHG-7693 at Frontier, the NOC analyst checks Frontier’s protocol state; CHG-7693 is judged from the observable result at Frontier. For CHG-7693, this choice fits Frontier: the NOC analyst gets the required Frontier outcome and can verify CHG-7693 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer A is incorrect because Higher OSPF cost is less preferred. For CHG-7693 at Frontier, the NOC analyst checks Frontier’s protocol state; CHG-7693 is judged from the observable result at Frontier. For CHG-7693, this choice fails Frontier: the NOC analyst leaves the required Frontier condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q14, should reject it for chg-7693.
Answer D is incorrect because Administrative distance is equal for the two OSPF candidates, so the OSPF metric resolves the choice. For CHG-7693 at Frontier, the NOC analyst checks Frontier’s protocol state; CHG-7693 is judged from the observable result at Frontier. For CHG-7693, this choice fails Frontier: the NOC analyst leaves the required Frontier condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q14, should reject it for chg-7693.
Answer B is incorrect because The numeric appearance of a next-hop address is irrelevant to OSPF path preference. For CHG-7693 at Frontier, the NOC analyst checks Frontier’s protocol state; CHG-7693 is judged from the observable result at Frontier. For CHG-7693, this choice fails Frontier: the NOC analyst leaves the required Frontier condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q14, should reject it for chg-7693.
Question 15
A Ironwood engineer sees two next hops for one OSPF prefix with identical cost. What behavior does that represent? Choose ONE.
- Neither path until one metric changes
- Only the path with the higher router ID
- Only the path learned first
- Both equal-cost paths
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because OSPF can install multiple equal-cost paths to the same destination, allowing equal-cost load sharing when the platform maximum-path setting permits it. For CHG-7710 at Ironwood, the network operations analyst checks Ironwood’s protocol state; CHG-7710 is judged from the observable result at Ironwood. For CHG-7710, this choice fits Ironwood: the network operations analyst gets the required Ironwood outcome and can verify CHG-7710 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because Equal-cost multipath is supported; first-learned alone is not the general rule. For CHG-7710 at Ironwood, the network operations analyst checks Ironwood’s protocol state; CHG-7710 is judged from the observable result at Ironwood. For CHG-7710, this choice fails Ironwood: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ironwood condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q15, should reject it for chg-7710.
Answer B is incorrect because Router ID does not replace equal-cost forwarding when both valid OSPF paths have the same cost. For CHG-7710 at Ironwood, the network operations analyst checks Ironwood’s protocol state; CHG-7710 is judged from the observable result at Ironwood. For CHG-7710, this choice fails Ironwood: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ironwood condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q15, should reject it for chg-7710.
Answer A is incorrect because Equal metrics do not prevent route installation; they can support ECMP. For CHG-7710 at Ironwood, the network operations analyst checks Ironwood’s protocol state; CHG-7710 is judged from the observable result at Ironwood. For CHG-7710, this choice fails Ironwood: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ironwood condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q15, should reject it for chg-7710.
Question 16
At Lakeview, traffic to 198.51.100.77 ignores the default route and exits toward ISP-B. Which forwarding rule explains this? Choose ONE.
- The route with the lower gateway IP
- The route with the lower interface number
- The default route via ISP-A
- The 198.51.100.0/24 route
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because The /24 is a longer prefix match than /0 for that destination, so it is selected regardless of the presence of a valid default. For CHG-7727 at Lakeview, the NOC analyst checks Lakeview’s protocol state; CHG-7727 is judged from the observable result at Lakeview. For CHG-7727, this choice fits Lakeview: the NOC analyst gets the required Lakeview outcome and can verify CHG-7727 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because The default loses whenever a more-specific matching prefix is installed. For CHG-7727 at Lakeview, the NOC analyst checks Lakeview’s protocol state; CHG-7727 is judged from the observable result at Lakeview. For CHG-7727, this choice fails Lakeview: the NOC analyst leaves the required Lakeview condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q16, should reject it for chg-7727.
Answer A is incorrect because Gateway numeric value is not a forwarding-selection rule. For CHG-7727 at Lakeview, the NOC analyst checks Lakeview’s protocol state; CHG-7727 is judged from the observable result at Lakeview. For CHG-7727, this choice fails Lakeview: the NOC analyst leaves the required Lakeview condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q16, should reject it for chg-7727.
Answer B is incorrect because Interface numbering does not determine best matching route. For CHG-7727 at Lakeview, the NOC analyst checks Lakeview’s protocol state; CHG-7727 is judged from the observable result at Lakeview. For CHG-7727, this choice fails Lakeview: the NOC analyst leaves the required Lakeview condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q16, should reject it for chg-7727.
Question 17
During CHG-7744, network operations analyst must interpret `/21` in a routing-table prefix. What does the 21 describe? Choose ONE.
- Prefix length
- Routing metric
- Administrative distance
- Next-hop count
Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer
Answer A is correct because The slash value is the prefix length, indicating the number of leading network bits used to match destination addresses. For CHG-7744 at Alder, the network operations analyst checks Alder’s protocol state; CHG-7744 is judged from the observable result at Alder. For CHG-7744, this choice fits Alder: the network operations analyst gets the required Alder outcome and can verify CHG-7744 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because Administrative distance is a route-source trust value and is not encoded by the slash prefix length. For CHG-7744 at Alder, the network operations analyst checks Alder’s protocol state; CHG-7744 is judged from the observable result at Alder. For CHG-7744, this choice fails Alder: the network operations analyst leaves the required Alder condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q17, should reject it for chg-7744.
Answer B is incorrect because Protocol metrics are separate from the destination mask or prefix length. For CHG-7744 at Alder, the network operations analyst checks Alder’s protocol state; CHG-7744 is judged from the observable result at Alder. For CHG-7744, this choice fails Alder: the network operations analyst leaves the required Alder condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q17, should reject it for chg-7744.
Answer D is incorrect because The number after the slash does not count next hops. For CHG-7744 at Alder, the network operations analyst checks Alder’s protocol state; CHG-7744 is judged from the observable result at Alder. For CHG-7744, this choice fails Alder: the network operations analyst leaves the required Alder condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q17, should reject it for chg-7744.
Question 18
At Delta, a route exists but its next hop cannot be resolved through any installed reachable network. What problem does this create? Choose ONE.
- The DNS name of the next hop
- The OSPF DR MAC address
- How to reach the next-hop address through an outgoing interface
- The NTP stratum of the next hop
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer
Answer C is correct because A recursive next-hop route depends on another installed route or connected network that resolves the next-hop address to an egress interface. For CHG-7761 at Delta, the NOC analyst checks Delta’s protocol state; CHG-7761 is judged from the observable result at Delta. For CHG-7761, this choice fits Delta: the NOC analyst gets the required Delta outcome and can verify CHG-7761 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer A is incorrect because IP forwarding does not require DNS resolution for a numeric next-hop address. For CHG-7761 at Delta, the NOC analyst checks Delta’s protocol state; CHG-7761 is judged from the observable result at Delta. For CHG-7761, this choice fails Delta: the NOC analyst leaves the required Delta condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q18, should reject it for chg-7761.
Answer D is incorrect because Time synchronization attributes are unrelated to recursive route resolution. For CHG-7761 at Delta, the NOC analyst checks Delta’s protocol state; CHG-7761 is judged from the observable result at Delta. For CHG-7761, this choice fails Delta: the NOC analyst leaves the required Delta condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q18, should reject it for chg-7761.
Answer B is incorrect because A static recursive next hop need not be the OSPF designated router and is resolved through routing and adjacency mechanisms. For CHG-7761 at Delta, the NOC analyst checks Delta’s protocol state; CHG-7761 is judged from the observable result at Delta. For CHG-7761, this choice fails Delta: the NOC analyst leaves the required Delta condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7761.
Question 19
A Granite interface is up with IPv4 address 10.10.10.1/24, and IOS installs an `L 10.10.10.1/32` entry. Why? Choose ONE.
- A floating static route
- A learned OSPF loopback
- The connected subnet
- The router’s own local interface address
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because The L route is a host route for an IP address assigned to the router itself, allowing traffic destined to that address to be delivered locally. For CHG-7778 at Granite, the network operations analyst checks Granite’s protocol state; CHG-7778 is judged from the observable result at Granite. For CHG-7778, this choice fits Granite: the network operations analyst gets the required Granite outcome and can verify CHG-7778 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because The connected subnet is represented by a C route such as 10.10.10.0/24. For CHG-7778 at Granite, the network operations analyst checks Granite’s protocol state; CHG-7778 is judged from the observable result at Granite. For CHG-7778, this choice fails Granite: the network operations analyst leaves the required Granite condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7778.
Answer B is incorrect because OSPF-learned prefixes use O-related codes; L specifically denotes local interface addressing. For CHG-7778 at Granite, the network operations analyst checks Granite’s protocol state; CHG-7778 is judged from the observable result at Granite. For CHG-7778, this choice fails Granite: the network operations analyst leaves the required Granite condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7778.
Answer A is incorrect because Floating statics retain the S code and do not become L routes. For CHG-7778 at Granite, the network operations analyst checks Granite’s protocol state; CHG-7778 is judged from the observable result at Granite. For CHG-7778, this choice fails Granite: the network operations analyst leaves the required Granite condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7778.
Question 20
Juniper engineers assume the lower administrative distance is checked for every packet. Which statement corrects that assumption? Choose ONE.
- OSPF metric is always checked before the prefix length
- The gateway of last resort is always chosen first
- Administrative distance is recomputed for every packet
- The destination is matched against installed prefixes using longest-prefix match
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer
Answer D is correct because Administrative distance and metrics are used earlier to decide which routes are installed; forwarding then applies longest-prefix matching to the installed routes. For CHG-7795 at Juniper, the NOC analyst checks Juniper’s protocol state; CHG-7795 is judged from the observable result at Juniper. For CHG-7795, this choice fits Juniper: the NOC analyst gets the required Juniper outcome and can verify CHG-7795 directly.
Incorrect Answers
Answer C is incorrect because AD is a route-installation preference, not a per-packet forwarding comparison across different prefixes. For CHG-7795 at Juniper, the NOC analyst checks Juniper’s protocol state; CHG-7795 is judged from the observable result at Juniper. For CHG-7795, this choice fails Juniper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Juniper condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7795.
Answer A is incorrect because Metrics do not override longest-prefix match across different installed destination prefixes. For CHG-7795 at Juniper, the NOC analyst checks Juniper’s protocol state; CHG-7795 is judged from the observable result at Juniper. For CHG-7795, this choice fails Juniper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Juniper condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7795.
Answer B is incorrect because The default route is considered only when no more-specific installed route matches. For CHG-7795 at Juniper, the NOC analyst checks Juniper’s protocol state; CHG-7795 is judged from the observable result at Juniper. For CHG-7795, this choice fails Juniper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Juniper condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7795.
