Cisco CCNA 200-301 Routing Tables and Forwarding Decisions Practice Test 2

 

Topic 10 Practice Test 2 covers Routing Tables and Forwarding Decisions for Cisco Certified Network Associate 200-301 CCNA and maps to objectives 3.1–3.2. For broader exam preparation, review the Cisco CCNA 200-301 Exam Dumps. Every option includes focused technical reasoning explaining both the networking concept and its fit to the scenario.

Question 1

At Grove, a packet to 10.20.30.44 follows 10.20.30.0/24 even though the /16 route has a lower administrative distance. What explains the forwarding result? Choose ONE.

10. 10.20.30.0/24
11. 0.0.0.0/0
12. 10.20.0.0/16
13. The route with the lowest administrative distance

Correct Answer: A

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer A is correct because Packet forwarding selects the most specific installed prefix, so a /24 match wins over a /16 for an address contained in both. For CHG-7472 at Grove, the network operations analyst checks Grove’s protocol state; CHG-7472 is judged from the observable result at Grove. For CHG-7472, this choice fits Grove: the network operations analyst gets the required Grove outcome and can verify CHG-7472 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because The /16 is a valid match, but it is less specific than the installed /24 and therefore is not selected for this destination. For CHG-7472 at Grove, the network operations analyst checks Grove’s protocol state; CHG-7472 is judged from the observable result at Grove. For CHG-7472, this choice fails Grove: the network operations analyst leaves the required Grove condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q01, should reject it for chg-7472.

Answer B is incorrect because A default route is used only when no more-specific installed prefix matches the destination. For CHG-7472 at Grove, the network operations analyst checks Grove’s protocol state; CHG-7472 is judged from the observable result at Grove. For CHG-7472, this choice fails Grove: the network operations analyst leaves the required Grove condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q01, should reject it for chg-7472.

Answer D is incorrect because Administrative distance influences which competing routes to the same prefix enter the RIB; it does not override longest-prefix matching during forwarding. For CHG-7472 at Grove, the network operations analyst checks Grove’s protocol state; CHG-7472 is judged from the observable result at Grove. For CHG-7472, this choice fails Grove: the network operations analyst leaves the required Grove condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q01, should reject it for chg-7472.

 

Question 2

A Jasper router unexpectedly installs a static 192.0.2.0/24 instead of the OSPF route to the identical prefix. Which default selection rule explains this? Choose ONE.

1. OSPF route
2. Whichever route was learned first
3. Static route
4. Whichever route has the longer prefix

Correct Answer: C

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer C is correct because A normal static route has administrative distance 1, which is lower and therefore preferred over OSPF AD 110 for the same prefix. For CHG-7489 at Jasper, the NOC analyst checks Jasper’s protocol state; CHG-7489 is judged from the observable result at Jasper. For CHG-7489, this choice fits Jasper: the NOC analyst gets the required Jasper outcome and can verify CHG-7489 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer A is incorrect because OSPF has default AD 110, so it loses to a normal static route with AD 1 when both describe the same prefix. For CHG-7489 at Jasper, the NOC analyst checks Jasper’s protocol state; CHG-7489 is judged from the observable result at Jasper. For CHG-7489, this choice fails Jasper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Jasper condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q02, should reject it for chg-7489.

Answer D is incorrect because The prefixes are identical here, so longest-prefix comparison does not distinguish the candidate routes during RIB installation. For CHG-7489 at Jasper, the NOC analyst checks Jasper’s protocol state; CHG-7489 is judged from the observable result at Jasper. For CHG-7489, this choice fails Jasper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Jasper condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q02, should reject it for chg-7489.

Answer B is incorrect because Route age is not the primary selection rule between static and OSPF sources for the same prefix. For CHG-7489 at Jasper, the NOC analyst checks Jasper’s protocol state; CHG-7489 is judged from the observable result at Jasper. For CHG-7489, this choice fails Jasper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Jasper condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q02, should reject it for chg-7489.

 

Question 3

The Monarch routing table contains only the OSPF path with cost 20 even though another OSPF path to the same prefix has cost 35. Why? Choose ONE.

1. The path with the highest router ID
2. Both paths because OSPF ignores metric
3. The path with OSPF cost 35
4. The path with OSPF cost 20

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because Within the same routing protocol and route type, the lower metric is preferred; for OSPF that means the lower accumulated cost. For CHG-7506 at Monarch, the network operations analyst checks Monarch’s protocol state; CHG-7506 is judged from the observable result at Monarch. For CHG-7506, this choice fits Monarch: the network operations analyst gets the required Monarch outcome and can verify CHG-7506 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because A higher OSPF cost represents a less preferred path, not a better one. For CHG-7506 at Monarch, the network operations analyst checks Monarch’s protocol state; CHG-7506 is judged from the observable result at Monarch. For CHG-7506, this choice fails Monarch: the network operations analyst leaves the required Monarch condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q03, should reject it for chg-7506.

Answer B is incorrect because OSPF explicitly uses cost as its metric, so unequal-cost paths are not both selected merely because they share a protocol. For CHG-7506 at Monarch, the network operations analyst checks Monarch’s protocol state; CHG-7506 is judged from the observable result at Monarch. For CHG-7506, this choice fails Monarch: the network operations analyst leaves the required Monarch condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q03, should reject it for chg-7506.

Answer A is incorrect because Router ID participates in OSPF control-plane identification and elections, not ordinary unequal-cost path selection for a destination. For CHG-7506 at Monarch, the network operations analyst checks Monarch’s protocol state; CHG-7506 is judged from the observable result at Monarch. For CHG-7506, this choice fails Monarch: the network operations analyst leaves the required Monarch condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q03, should reject it for chg-7506.

 

Question 4

A Beacon engineer sees `C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected`. Which source created that route? Choose ONE.

1. OSPF route
2. Local host route
3. Static route
4. Connected network

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because The C code identifies a directly connected network installed because an interface in that subnet is operational. For CHG-7523 at Beacon, the NOC analyst checks Beacon’s protocol state; CHG-7523 is judged from the observable result at Beacon. For CHG-7523, this choice fits Beacon: the NOC analyst gets the required Beacon outcome and can verify CHG-7523 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because Static routes use the S route code rather than C. For CHG-7523 at Beacon, the NOC analyst checks Beacon’s protocol state; CHG-7523 is judged from the observable result at Beacon. For CHG-7523, this choice fails Beacon: the NOC analyst leaves the required Beacon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q04, should reject it for chg-7523.

Answer A is incorrect because OSPF-learned routes normally use O or an O-derived code, not C. For CHG-7523 at Beacon, the NOC analyst checks Beacon’s protocol state; CHG-7523 is judged from the observable result at Beacon. For CHG-7523, this choice fails Beacon: the NOC analyst leaves the required Beacon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q04, should reject it for chg-7523.

Answer B is incorrect because The L code identifies the local interface-address host route; C represents the connected subnet. For CHG-7523 at Beacon, the NOC analyst checks Beacon’s protocol state; CHG-7523 is judged from the observable result at Beacon. For CHG-7523, this choice fails Beacon: the NOC analyst leaves the required Beacon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q04, should reject it for chg-7523.

 

Question 5

During CHG-7540, Ember sees `S* 0.0.0.0/0`. What does the `S` portion identify? Choose ONE.

1. Static route
2. Connected route
3. OSPF route
4. Local interface address

Correct Answer: A

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer A is correct because Cisco route code S denotes a route configured statically rather than learned from a dynamic routing protocol. For CHG-7540 at Ember, the network operations analyst checks Ember’s protocol state; CHG-7540 is judged from the observable result at Ember. For CHG-7540, this choice fits Ember: the network operations analyst gets the required Ember outcome and can verify CHG-7540 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because OSPF routes use O-related codes, not S. For CHG-7540 at Ember, the network operations analyst checks Ember’s protocol state; CHG-7540 is judged from the observable result at Ember. For CHG-7540, this choice fails Ember: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ember condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q05, should reject it for chg-7540.

Answer B is incorrect because Connected networks are marked C. For CHG-7540 at Ember, the network operations analyst checks Ember’s protocol state; CHG-7540 is judged from the observable result at Ember. For CHG-7540, this choice fails Ember: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ember condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q05, should reject it for chg-7540.

Answer D is incorrect because A local interface host route is marked L on IPv4 IOS routing tables. For CHG-7540 at Ember, the network operations analyst checks Ember’s protocol state; CHG-7540 is judged from the observable result at Ember. For CHG-7540, this choice fails Ember: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ember condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q05, should reject it for chg-7540.

 

Question 6

A Harbor operator is tracing a route marked `O`. Which control-plane protocol supplied it? Choose ONE.

1. Static routing
2. Local interface host route
3. OSPF
4. Connected interface

Correct Answer: C

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer C is correct because The O route code identifies a prefix learned through Open Shortest Path First. For CHG-7557 at Harbor, the NOC analyst checks Harbor’s protocol state; CHG-7557 is judged from the observable result at Harbor. For CHG-7557, this choice fits Harbor: the NOC analyst gets the required Harbor outcome and can verify CHG-7557 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer A is incorrect because Static routes use S. For CHG-7557 at Harbor, the NOC analyst checks Harbor’s protocol state; CHG-7557 is judged from the observable result at Harbor. For CHG-7557, this choice fails Harbor: the NOC analyst leaves the required Harbor condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q06, should reject it for chg-7557.

Answer D is incorrect because Connected subnets use C. For CHG-7557 at Harbor, the NOC analyst checks Harbor’s protocol state; CHG-7557 is judged from the observable result at Harbor. For CHG-7557, this choice fails Harbor: the NOC analyst leaves the required Harbor condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q06, should reject it for chg-7557.

Answer B is incorrect because Local interface addresses use L rather than O. For CHG-7557 at Harbor, the NOC analyst checks Harbor’s protocol state; CHG-7557 is judged from the observable result at Harbor. For CHG-7557, this choice fails Harbor: the NOC analyst leaves the required Harbor condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q06, should reject it for chg-7557.

 

Question 7

While reading `show ip route` at Keystone, network operations analyst sees next hop 192.0.2.1. What is its forwarding significance? Choose ONE.

1. The administrative distance
2. The destination prefix
3. The route metric
4. The next-hop router for that route

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because The `via` address is the Layer 3 next hop to which packets matching the route are forwarded after neighbor resolution. For CHG-7574 at Keystone, the network operations analyst checks Keystone’s protocol state; CHG-7574 is judged from the observable result at Keystone. For CHG-7574, this choice fits Keystone: the network operations analyst gets the required Keystone outcome and can verify CHG-7574 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because Metrics are separate numeric values used by routing protocols and are not represented by the next-hop IP address. For CHG-7574 at Keystone, the network operations analyst checks Keystone’s protocol state; CHG-7574 is judged from the observable result at Keystone. For CHG-7574, this choice fails Keystone: the network operations analyst leaves the required Keystone condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q07, should reject it for chg-7574.

Answer B is incorrect because The destination prefix is listed separately from the `via` next-hop address. For CHG-7574 at Keystone, the network operations analyst checks Keystone’s protocol state; CHG-7574 is judged from the observable result at Keystone. For CHG-7574, this choice fails Keystone: the network operations analyst leaves the required Keystone condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q07, should reject it for chg-7574.

Answer A is incorrect because Administrative distance is normally shown in brackets with the metric, not as a next-hop IP address. For CHG-7574 at Keystone, the network operations analyst checks Keystone’s protocol state; CHG-7574 is judged from the observable result at Keystone. For CHG-7574, this choice fails Keystone: the network operations analyst leaves the required Keystone condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q07, should reject it for chg-7574.

 

Question 8

A Northstar packet has no specific matching route. The router has a gateway of last resort. What path is considered next? Choose ONE.

1. The DNS server
2. The NTP source
3. The OSPF DR
4. The default route through 198.51.100.1

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because The gateway of last resort identifies the next hop associated with the default route used when no more-specific route matches. For CHG-7591 at Northstar, the NOC analyst checks Northstar’s protocol state; CHG-7591 is judged from the observable result at Northstar. For CHG-7591, this choice fits Northstar: the NOC analyst gets the required Northstar outcome and can verify CHG-7591 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because A designated router is an OSPF broadcast-segment role and is unrelated to the router-wide default forwarding gateway. For CHG-7591 at Northstar, the NOC analyst checks Northstar’s protocol state; CHG-7591 is judged from the observable result at Northstar. For CHG-7591, this choice fails Northstar: the NOC analyst leaves the required Northstar condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q08, should reject it for chg-7591.

Answer A is incorrect because DNS resolves names and does not act as the routing gateway of last resort. For CHG-7591 at Northstar, the NOC analyst checks Northstar’s protocol state; CHG-7591 is judged from the observable result at Northstar. For CHG-7591, this choice fails Northstar: the NOC analyst leaves the required Northstar condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q08, should reject it for chg-7591.

Answer B is incorrect because NTP provides time synchronization, not default packet forwarding. For CHG-7591 at Northstar, the NOC analyst checks Northstar’s protocol state; CHG-7591 is judged from the observable result at Northstar. For CHG-7591, this choice fails Northstar: the NOC analyst leaves the required Northstar condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q08, should reject it for chg-7591.

 

Question 9

The Quartz default route is healthy, yet traffic to 172.16.50.25 uses the explicit /24. Why? Choose ONE.

172. 172.16.50.0/24
173. Whichever route has the newer timestamp
174. 0.0.0.0/0
175. Both routes equally

Correct Answer: A

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer A is correct because A /24 is more specific than 0.0.0.0/0, so longest-prefix matching selects it for destinations inside that subnet. For CHG-7608 at Quartz, the network operations analyst checks Quartz’s protocol state; CHG-7608 is judged from the observable result at Quartz. For CHG-7608, this choice fits Quartz: the network operations analyst gets the required Quartz outcome and can verify CHG-7608 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because The default is a fallback and loses when a more-specific installed route matches. For CHG-7608 at Quartz, the network operations analyst checks Quartz’s protocol state; CHG-7608 is judged from the observable result at Quartz. For CHG-7608, this choice fails Quartz: the network operations analyst leaves the required Quartz condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q09, should reject it for chg-7608.

Answer B is incorrect because Forwarding does not select between installed prefixes based on route age. For CHG-7608 at Quartz, the network operations analyst checks Quartz’s protocol state; CHG-7608 is judged from the observable result at Quartz. For CHG-7608, this choice fails Quartz: the network operations analyst leaves the required Quartz condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q09, should reject it for chg-7608.

Answer D is incorrect because Different prefix lengths are not equal-cost alternatives for the same forwarding lookup; the longest match wins. For CHG-7608 at Quartz, the network operations analyst checks Quartz’s protocol state; CHG-7608 is judged from the observable result at Quartz. For CHG-7608, this choice fails Quartz: the network operations analyst leaves the required Quartz condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q09, should reject it for chg-7608.

 

Question 10

A Timber engineer compares route sources and notes the connected route is treated as most trustworthy by default. What AD does it use? Choose ONE.

1. 1
2. 120
3. 0
4. 110

Correct Answer: C

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer C is correct because Connected routes have administrative distance 0, reflecting that the subnet is directly attached to an operational interface. For CHG-7625 at Timber, the NOC analyst checks Timber’s protocol state; CHG-7625 is judged from the observable result at Timber. For CHG-7625, this choice fits Timber: the NOC analyst gets the required Timber outcome and can verify CHG-7625 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer A is incorrect because AD 1 is the normal default for static routes, not connected routes. For CHG-7625 at Timber, the NOC analyst checks Timber’s protocol state; CHG-7625 is judged from the observable result at Timber. For CHG-7625, this choice fails Timber: the NOC analyst leaves the required Timber condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q10, should reject it for chg-7625.

Answer D is incorrect because AD 110 is the normal OSPF default. For CHG-7625 at Timber, the NOC analyst checks Timber’s protocol state; CHG-7625 is judged from the observable result at Timber. For CHG-7625, this choice fails Timber: the NOC analyst leaves the required Timber condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q10, should reject it for chg-7625.

Answer B is incorrect because AD 120 is associated with RIP, not connected routing. For CHG-7625 at Timber, the NOC analyst checks Timber’s protocol state; CHG-7625 is judged from the observable result at Timber. For CHG-7625, this choice fails Timber: the NOC analyst leaves the required Timber condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q10, should reject it for chg-7625.

 

Question 11

At Willow, a static route competes with OSPF for the same prefix and wins with default settings. Which static-route AD explains the result? Choose ONE.

1. 110
2. 90
3. 0
4. 1

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because A normal static route uses administrative distance 1 unless another distance is explicitly configured. For CHG-7642 at Willow, the network operations analyst checks Willow’s protocol state; CHG-7642 is judged from the observable result at Willow. For CHG-7642, this choice fits Willow: the network operations analyst gets the required Willow outcome and can verify CHG-7642 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because AD 0 is reserved for connected routes. For CHG-7642 at Willow, the network operations analyst checks Willow’s protocol state; CHG-7642 is judged from the observable result at Willow. For CHG-7642, this choice fails Willow: the network operations analyst leaves the required Willow condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q11, should reject it for chg-7642.

Answer B is incorrect because AD 90 is the familiar default for internal EIGRP. For CHG-7642 at Willow, the network operations analyst checks Willow’s protocol state; CHG-7642 is judged from the observable result at Willow. For CHG-7642, this choice fails Willow: the network operations analyst leaves the required Willow condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q11, should reject it for chg-7642.

Answer A is incorrect because AD 110 is OSPF, which is less preferred than a normal static route for the identical prefix. For CHG-7642 at Willow, the network operations analyst checks Willow’s protocol state; CHG-7642 is judged from the observable result at Willow. For CHG-7642, this choice fails Willow: the network operations analyst leaves the required Willow condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q11, should reject it for chg-7642.

 

Question 12

A Zephyr route shows OSPF as less preferred than a normal static route for the same prefix. Which OSPF AD is used by default? Choose ONE.

1. 90
2. 120
3. 1
4. 110

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because Cisco IOS uses administrative distance 110 for OSPF by default. For CHG-7659 at Zephyr, the NOC analyst checks Zephyr’s protocol state; CHG-7659 is judged from the observable result at Zephyr. For CHG-7659, this choice fits Zephyr: the NOC analyst gets the required Zephyr outcome and can verify CHG-7659 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because AD 1 is the normal static-route default. For CHG-7659 at Zephyr, the NOC analyst checks Zephyr’s protocol state; CHG-7659 is judged from the observable result at Zephyr. For CHG-7659, this choice fails Zephyr: the NOC analyst leaves the required Zephyr condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q12, should reject it for chg-7659.

Answer A is incorrect because AD 90 is typically internal EIGRP. For CHG-7659 at Zephyr, the NOC analyst checks Zephyr’s protocol state; CHG-7659 is judged from the observable result at Zephyr. For CHG-7659, this choice fails Zephyr: the NOC analyst leaves the required Zephyr condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q12, should reject it for chg-7659.

Answer B is incorrect because AD 120 is typically RIP. For CHG-7659 at Zephyr, the NOC analyst checks Zephyr’s protocol state; CHG-7659 is judged from the observable result at Zephyr. For CHG-7659, this choice fails Zephyr: the NOC analyst leaves the required Zephyr condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q12, should reject it for chg-7659.

 

Question 13

At Canyon, a backup static route is installed only after the OSPF path disappears. What configuration characteristic enables this behavior? Choose ONE.

1. A static administrative distance greater than 110
2. A shorter prefix than the OSPF route
3. A static administrative distance of 1
4. A higher OSPF metric on the static route

Correct Answer: A

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer A is correct because A floating static route uses an AD higher than the preferred dynamic route, so OSPF remains installed until it becomes unavailable. For CHG-7676 at Canyon, the network operations analyst checks Canyon’s protocol state; CHG-7676 is judged from the observable result at Canyon. For CHG-7676, this choice fits Canyon: the network operations analyst gets the required Canyon outcome and can verify CHG-7676 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because AD 1 would make the static route preferred over OSPF instead of a backup. For CHG-7676 at Canyon, the network operations analyst checks Canyon’s protocol state; CHG-7676 is judged from the observable result at Canyon. For CHG-7676, this choice fails Canyon: the network operations analyst leaves the required Canyon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q13, should reject it for chg-7676.

Answer B is incorrect because Changing prefix length creates a different forwarding destination and does not implement backup for the same route. For CHG-7676 at Canyon, the network operations analyst checks Canyon’s protocol state; CHG-7676 is judged from the observable result at Canyon. For CHG-7676, this choice fails Canyon: the network operations analyst leaves the required Canyon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q13, should reject it for chg-7676.

Answer D is incorrect because Static routes do not use OSPF cost as their selection metric. For CHG-7676 at Canyon, the network operations analyst checks Canyon’s protocol state; CHG-7676 is judged from the observable result at Canyon. For CHG-7676, this choice fails Canyon: the network operations analyst leaves the required Canyon condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q13, should reject it for chg-7676.

 

Question 14

A Frontier route with OSPF cost 40 is absent while the cost-10 route is installed. Which rule accounts for that choice? Choose ONE.

1. Cost 40
2. The route with the longer next-hop address
3. Cost 10
4. The route with higher administrative distance

Correct Answer: C

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer C is correct because OSPF selects the lower cost when comparing paths from the same protocol to the same destination. For CHG-7693 at Frontier, the NOC analyst checks Frontier’s protocol state; CHG-7693 is judged from the observable result at Frontier. For CHG-7693, this choice fits Frontier: the NOC analyst gets the required Frontier outcome and can verify CHG-7693 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer A is incorrect because Higher OSPF cost is less preferred. For CHG-7693 at Frontier, the NOC analyst checks Frontier’s protocol state; CHG-7693 is judged from the observable result at Frontier. For CHG-7693, this choice fails Frontier: the NOC analyst leaves the required Frontier condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q14, should reject it for chg-7693.

Answer D is incorrect because Administrative distance is equal for the two OSPF candidates, so the OSPF metric resolves the choice. For CHG-7693 at Frontier, the NOC analyst checks Frontier’s protocol state; CHG-7693 is judged from the observable result at Frontier. For CHG-7693, this choice fails Frontier: the NOC analyst leaves the required Frontier condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q14, should reject it for chg-7693.

Answer B is incorrect because The numeric appearance of a next-hop address is irrelevant to OSPF path preference. For CHG-7693 at Frontier, the NOC analyst checks Frontier’s protocol state; CHG-7693 is judged from the observable result at Frontier. For CHG-7693, this choice fails Frontier: the NOC analyst leaves the required Frontier condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q14, should reject it for chg-7693.

 

Question 15

A Ironwood engineer sees two next hops for one OSPF prefix with identical cost. What behavior does that represent? Choose ONE.

1. Neither path until one metric changes
2. Only the path with the higher router ID
3. Only the path learned first
4. Both equal-cost paths

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because OSPF can install multiple equal-cost paths to the same destination, allowing equal-cost load sharing when the platform maximum-path setting permits it. For CHG-7710 at Ironwood, the network operations analyst checks Ironwood’s protocol state; CHG-7710 is judged from the observable result at Ironwood. For CHG-7710, this choice fits Ironwood: the network operations analyst gets the required Ironwood outcome and can verify CHG-7710 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because Equal-cost multipath is supported; first-learned alone is not the general rule. For CHG-7710 at Ironwood, the network operations analyst checks Ironwood’s protocol state; CHG-7710 is judged from the observable result at Ironwood. For CHG-7710, this choice fails Ironwood: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ironwood condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q15, should reject it for chg-7710.

Answer B is incorrect because Router ID does not replace equal-cost forwarding when both valid OSPF paths have the same cost. For CHG-7710 at Ironwood, the network operations analyst checks Ironwood’s protocol state; CHG-7710 is judged from the observable result at Ironwood. For CHG-7710, this choice fails Ironwood: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ironwood condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q15, should reject it for chg-7710.

Answer A is incorrect because Equal metrics do not prevent route installation; they can support ECMP. For CHG-7710 at Ironwood, the network operations analyst checks Ironwood’s protocol state; CHG-7710 is judged from the observable result at Ironwood. For CHG-7710, this choice fails Ironwood: the network operations analyst leaves the required Ironwood condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q15, should reject it for chg-7710.

 

Question 16

At Lakeview, traffic to 198.51.100.77 ignores the default route and exits toward ISP-B. Which forwarding rule explains this? Choose ONE.

1. The route with the lower gateway IP
2. The route with the lower interface number
3. The default route via ISP-A
4. The 198.51.100.0/24 route

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because The /24 is a longer prefix match than /0 for that destination, so it is selected regardless of the presence of a valid default. For CHG-7727 at Lakeview, the NOC analyst checks Lakeview’s protocol state; CHG-7727 is judged from the observable result at Lakeview. For CHG-7727, this choice fits Lakeview: the NOC analyst gets the required Lakeview outcome and can verify CHG-7727 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because The default loses whenever a more-specific matching prefix is installed. For CHG-7727 at Lakeview, the NOC analyst checks Lakeview’s protocol state; CHG-7727 is judged from the observable result at Lakeview. For CHG-7727, this choice fails Lakeview: the NOC analyst leaves the required Lakeview condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q16, should reject it for chg-7727.

Answer A is incorrect because Gateway numeric value is not a forwarding-selection rule. For CHG-7727 at Lakeview, the NOC analyst checks Lakeview’s protocol state; CHG-7727 is judged from the observable result at Lakeview. For CHG-7727, this choice fails Lakeview: the NOC analyst leaves the required Lakeview condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q16, should reject it for chg-7727.

Answer B is incorrect because Interface numbering does not determine best matching route. For CHG-7727 at Lakeview, the NOC analyst checks Lakeview’s protocol state; CHG-7727 is judged from the observable result at Lakeview. For CHG-7727, this choice fails Lakeview: the NOC analyst leaves the required Lakeview condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q16, should reject it for chg-7727.

 

Question 17

During CHG-7744, network operations analyst must interpret `/21` in a routing-table prefix. What does the 21 describe? Choose ONE.

1. Prefix length
2. Routing metric
3. Administrative distance
4. Next-hop count

Correct Answer: A

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer A is correct because The slash value is the prefix length, indicating the number of leading network bits used to match destination addresses. For CHG-7744 at Alder, the network operations analyst checks Alder’s protocol state; CHG-7744 is judged from the observable result at Alder. For CHG-7744, this choice fits Alder: the network operations analyst gets the required Alder outcome and can verify CHG-7744 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because Administrative distance is a route-source trust value and is not encoded by the slash prefix length. For CHG-7744 at Alder, the network operations analyst checks Alder’s protocol state; CHG-7744 is judged from the observable result at Alder. For CHG-7744, this choice fails Alder: the network operations analyst leaves the required Alder condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q17, should reject it for chg-7744.

Answer B is incorrect because Protocol metrics are separate from the destination mask or prefix length. For CHG-7744 at Alder, the network operations analyst checks Alder’s protocol state; CHG-7744 is judged from the observable result at Alder. For CHG-7744, this choice fails Alder: the network operations analyst leaves the required Alder condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q17, should reject it for chg-7744.

Answer D is incorrect because The number after the slash does not count next hops. For CHG-7744 at Alder, the network operations analyst checks Alder’s protocol state; CHG-7744 is judged from the observable result at Alder. For CHG-7744, this choice fails Alder: the network operations analyst leaves the required Alder condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q17, should reject it for chg-7744.

 

Question 18

At Delta, a route exists but its next hop cannot be resolved through any installed reachable network. What problem does this create? Choose ONE.

1. The DNS name of the next hop
2. The OSPF DR MAC address
3. How to reach the next-hop address through an outgoing interface
4. The NTP stratum of the next hop

Correct Answer: C

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer C is correct because A recursive next-hop route depends on another installed route or connected network that resolves the next-hop address to an egress interface. For CHG-7761 at Delta, the NOC analyst checks Delta’s protocol state; CHG-7761 is judged from the observable result at Delta. For CHG-7761, this choice fits Delta: the NOC analyst gets the required Delta outcome and can verify CHG-7761 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer A is incorrect because IP forwarding does not require DNS resolution for a numeric next-hop address. For CHG-7761 at Delta, the NOC analyst checks Delta’s protocol state; CHG-7761 is judged from the observable result at Delta. For CHG-7761, this choice fails Delta: the NOC analyst leaves the required Delta condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q18, should reject it for chg-7761.

Answer D is incorrect because Time synchronization attributes are unrelated to recursive route resolution. For CHG-7761 at Delta, the NOC analyst checks Delta’s protocol state; CHG-7761 is judged from the observable result at Delta. For CHG-7761, this choice fails Delta: the NOC analyst leaves the required Delta condition unmet and, under t10-pt2-q18, should reject it for chg-7761.

Answer B is incorrect because A static recursive next hop need not be the OSPF designated router and is resolved through routing and adjacency mechanisms. For CHG-7761 at Delta, the NOC analyst checks Delta’s protocol state; CHG-7761 is judged from the observable result at Delta. For CHG-7761, this choice fails Delta: the NOC analyst leaves the required Delta condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7761.

 

Question 19

A Granite interface is up with IPv4 address 10.10.10.1/24, and IOS installs an `L 10.10.10.1/32` entry. Why? Choose ONE.

1. A floating static route
2. A learned OSPF loopback
3. The connected subnet
4. The router’s own local interface address

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because The L route is a host route for an IP address assigned to the router itself, allowing traffic destined to that address to be delivered locally. For CHG-7778 at Granite, the network operations analyst checks Granite’s protocol state; CHG-7778 is judged from the observable result at Granite. For CHG-7778, this choice fits Granite: the network operations analyst gets the required Granite outcome and can verify CHG-7778 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because The connected subnet is represented by a C route such as 10.10.10.0/24. For CHG-7778 at Granite, the network operations analyst checks Granite’s protocol state; CHG-7778 is judged from the observable result at Granite. For CHG-7778, this choice fails Granite: the network operations analyst leaves the required Granite condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7778.

Answer B is incorrect because OSPF-learned prefixes use O-related codes; L specifically denotes local interface addressing. For CHG-7778 at Granite, the network operations analyst checks Granite’s protocol state; CHG-7778 is judged from the observable result at Granite. For CHG-7778, this choice fails Granite: the network operations analyst leaves the required Granite condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7778.

Answer A is incorrect because Floating statics retain the S code and do not become L routes. For CHG-7778 at Granite, the network operations analyst checks Granite’s protocol state; CHG-7778 is judged from the observable result at Granite. For CHG-7778, this choice fails Granite: the network operations analyst leaves the required Granite condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7778.

 

Question 20

Juniper engineers assume the lower administrative distance is checked for every packet. Which statement corrects that assumption? Choose ONE.

1. OSPF metric is always checked before the prefix length
2. The gateway of last resort is always chosen first
3. Administrative distance is recomputed for every packet
4. The destination is matched against installed prefixes using longest-prefix match

Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer

 

 

Answer D is correct because Administrative distance and metrics are used earlier to decide which routes are installed; forwarding then applies longest-prefix matching to the installed routes. For CHG-7795 at Juniper, the NOC analyst checks Juniper’s protocol state; CHG-7795 is judged from the observable result at Juniper. For CHG-7795, this choice fits Juniper: the NOC analyst gets the required Juniper outcome and can verify CHG-7795 directly.

Incorrect Answers

 

Answer C is incorrect because AD is a route-installation preference, not a per-packet forwarding comparison across different prefixes. For CHG-7795 at Juniper, the NOC analyst checks Juniper’s protocol state; CHG-7795 is judged from the observable result at Juniper. For CHG-7795, this choice fails Juniper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Juniper condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7795.

Answer A is incorrect because Metrics do not override longest-prefix match across different installed destination prefixes. For CHG-7795 at Juniper, the NOC analyst checks Juniper’s protocol state; CHG-7795 is judged from the observable result at Juniper. For CHG-7795, this choice fails Juniper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Juniper condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7795.

Answer B is incorrect because The default route is considered only when no more-specific installed route matches. For CHG-7795 at Juniper, the NOC analyst checks Juniper’s protocol state; CHG-7795 is judged from the observable result at Juniper. For CHG-7795, this choice fails Juniper: the NOC analyst leaves the required Juniper condition unmet and should reject it for CHG-7795.

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