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Exam Code: CISSP
Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 46

Question 450

A security token application trusts an unverified local device clock for expiry. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check JWT signature verification only while lifetime constraints remain unenforced
  2. Replay expired and not-yet-valid tokens
  3. Confirm a newly issued token is accepted without testing expired values
  4. Review device clock synchronization settings without server-side claim validation

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Authenticator validation must establish time and context integrity. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Replay expired and not-yet-valid tokens.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Authenticator validation must establish time and context integrity. The proposed check, “Check JWT signature verification only while lifetime constraints remain unenforced”, misses the relevant outcome; “Replay expired and not-yet-valid tokens” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

C:

Authenticator validation must establish time and context integrity. The proposed check, “Confirm a newly issued token is accepted without testing expired values”, misses the relevant outcome; “Replay expired and not-yet-valid tokens” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

“Review device clock synchronization settings without server-side claim validation” does not show the required outcome: replay expired and not-yet-valid tokens. That test matters because authenticator validation must establish time and context integrity.

Question 451

A platform issues persistent API tokens that cannot be selectively revoked. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Issue one permanent API key to every integration and rotate only after a breach
  2. Revoke all service accounts when a single compromised API token must be disabled
  3. Use individually scoped revocable tokens with expiry and audit
  4. Hide issued tokens in the UI but provide no selective server-side revocation capability

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Revocable per-client credentials limit compromise scope. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The security distinction is that revocable per-client credentials limit compromise scope. “Issue one permanent API key to every integration and rotate only after a breach” addresses neither the required “Use individually scoped revocable tokens with expiry and audit” action nor its supporting evidence: “Disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities”.

B:

Revocable per-client credentials limit compromise scope. “Revoke all service accounts when a single compromised API token must be disabled” does not supply that control; “Use individually scoped revocable tokens with expiry and audit” addresses the identified gap, and “Disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities” verifies the result.

D:

Revocable per-client credentials limit compromise scope. “Hide issued tokens in the UI but provide no selective server-side revocation capability” does not supply that control; “Use individually scoped revocable tokens with expiry and audit” addresses the identified gap, and “Disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities” verifies the result.

Question 452

A platform issues persistent API tokens that cannot be selectively revoked. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review token creation logs but not whether revoked tokens stop working
  2. Check key format and entropy while expiration and individual revocation are absent
  3. Confirm a valid API call succeeds without attempting to disable one credential
  4. Disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Revocable per-client credentials limit compromise scope. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Review token creation logs but not whether revoked tokens stop working” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities”, reflecting the requirement that revocable per-client credentials limit compromise scope.

B:

“Check key format and entropy while expiration and individual revocation are absent” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Use individually scoped revocable tokens with expiry and audit” works. Revocable per-client credentials limit compromise scope. The decisive test is “Disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities”.

C:

“Confirm a valid API call succeeds without attempting to disable one credential” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Disable one token without disrupting unrelated identities”, reflecting the requirement that revocable per-client credentials limit compromise scope.

Question 453

A passwordless authenticator registration can be initiated by an unauthenticated caller. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Secure binding with verified prior identity and enrollment ceremony
  2. Let a mobile app silently add new passkeys without a verified existing session or enrollment ceremony
  3. Permit unauthenticated requests to register replacement authenticators for any known username
  4. Accept proof of email-address possession alone to bind a high-assurance passwordless credential

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Strong authentication is ineffective if credential enrollment is weak. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Let a mobile app silently add new passkeys without a verified existing session or enrollment ceremony” would not establish the protection described: strong authentication is ineffective if credential enrollment is weak. The necessary change is “Secure binding with verified prior identity and enrollment ceremony” with the verification “Attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection”.

C:

“Permit unauthenticated requests to register replacement authenticators for any known username” leaves the essential control missing: strong authentication is ineffective if credential enrollment is weak. The direct corrective action is “Secure binding with verified prior identity and enrollment ceremony”, validated by the acceptance check “Attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection”.

D:

“Accept proof of email-address possession alone to bind a high-assurance passwordless credential” would not establish the protection described: strong authentication is ineffective if credential enrollment is weak. The necessary change is “Secure binding with verified prior identity and enrollment ceremony” with the verification “Attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection”.

Question 454

A passwordless authenticator registration can be initiated by an unauthenticated caller. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm a legitimate user enrolls their device but never try the process from an anonymous session
  2. Attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection
  3. Check a new passkey appears in the account list without verifying binding approvals
  4. Review user notifications while an attacker can register an alternate authenticator first

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Strong authentication is ineffective if credential enrollment is weak. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Confirm a legitimate user enrolls their device but never try the process from an anonymous session” would not verify the relevant control. Strong authentication is ineffective if credential enrollment is weak. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection”.

C:

An observation of “Check a new passkey appears in the account list without verifying binding approvals” would not verify the relevant control. Strong authentication is ineffective if credential enrollment is weak. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection”.

D:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Attempt attacker-initiated credential registration and confirm rejection” because strong authentication is ineffective if credential enrollment is weak. “Review user notifications while an attacker can register an alternate authenticator first” cannot establish that result.

Question 455

A public identity endpoint lets one bot attempt thousands of password guesses against many accounts. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Lock every account permanently after one failed attempt, allowing attackers to deny access to legitimate users
  2. Require longer passwords but leave distributed high-rate online guessing unrestricted across accounts
  3. Implement adaptive throttling with compromised-credential monitoring without broad denial of service
  4. Block one suspicious source address while accepting automated retries from other networks without adaptive controls

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Identity abuse controls must distinguish attack automation from legitimate access. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to replay distributed guessing attempts and verify per-risk rate enforcement.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposal “Lock every account permanently after one failed attempt, allowing attackers to deny access to legitimate users” does not meet the relevant requirement because identity abuse controls must distinguish attack automation from legitimate access. The matching remediation is “Implement adaptive throttling with compromised-credential monitoring without broad denial of service”.

B:

“Require longer passwords but leave distributed high-rate online guessing unrestricted across accounts” is not the relevant mitigation. Identity abuse controls must distinguish attack automation from legitimate access. The scenario calls for “Implement adaptive throttling with compromised-credential monitoring without broad denial of service”; the acceptance check is “replay distributed guessing attempts and verify per-risk rate enforcement”.

D:

“Block one suspicious source address while accepting automated retries from other networks without adaptive controls” is not the relevant mitigation. Identity abuse controls must distinguish attack automation from legitimate access. The scenario calls for “Implement adaptive throttling with compromised-credential monitoring without broad denial of service”; the acceptance check is “replay distributed guessing attempts and verify per-risk rate enforcement”.

Question 456

A cloud provider offers a third-party audit report but no access to internal raw security logs. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Require every customer to receive the provider's unrestricted internal log archive rather than scoped independent assurance
  2. Treat a current certificate name as proof that all customer-specific cloud controls were evaluated
  3. Accept the provider's marketing assurance as sufficient evidence despite missing raw security logs
  4. Define independent evidence requirements appropriate to the provider trust boundary

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

External assessment can rely on attestations but must evaluate scope limitations. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Require every customer to receive the provider's unrestricted internal log archive rather than scoped independent assurance” would not establish the protection described: external assessment can rely on attestations but must evaluate scope limitations. The necessary change is “Define independent evidence requirements appropriate to the provider trust boundary” with the verification “Inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses”.

B:

“Treat a current certificate name as proof that all customer-specific cloud controls were evaluated” leaves the essential control missing: external assessment can rely on attestations but must evaluate scope limitations. The direct corrective action is “Define independent evidence requirements appropriate to the provider trust boundary”, validated by the acceptance check “Inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses”.

C:

“Accept the provider's marketing assurance as sufficient evidence despite missing raw security logs” would not establish the protection described: external assessment can rely on attestations but must evaluate scope limitations. The necessary change is “Define independent evidence requirements appropriate to the provider trust boundary” with the verification “Inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses”.

Question 457

A cloud provider offers a third-party audit report but no access to internal raw security logs. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses
  2. Review generic platform uptime while customer controls and reported exceptions remain unassessed
  3. Confirm the report PDF can be downloaded without reading covered services or exceptions
  4. Check the provider logo and certificate expiry but not the relevant control scope

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

External assessment can rely on attestations but must evaluate scope limitations. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An observation of “Review generic platform uptime while customer controls and reported exceptions remain unassessed” would not verify the relevant control. External assessment can rely on attestations but must evaluate scope limitations. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses”.

C:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses” because external assessment can rely on attestations but must evaluate scope limitations. “Confirm the report PDF can be downloaded without reading covered services or exceptions” cannot establish that result.

D:

An observation of “Check the provider logo and certificate expiry but not the relevant control scope” would not verify the relevant control. External assessment can rely on attestations but must evaluate scope limitations. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Inspect assurance scope, exceptions and control owner responses”.

Question 458

An internal audit team tests the payment application it recently implemented. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Let developers sign off their own payment application audit because they know the code best
  2. Use independent reviewers to reduce self-review conflicts
  3. Ask a project sponsor to confirm the auditors are objective despite direct implementation involvement
  4. Replace independent review with an automated checklist authored solely by the implementation team

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Assessment independence matters even when testers understand the system. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to inspect reviewer assignments and conflict declarations.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Let developers sign off their own payment application audit because they know the code best” is not the relevant mitigation. Assessment independence matters even when testers understand the system. The scenario calls for “Use independent reviewers to reduce self-review conflicts”; the acceptance check is “Inspect reviewer assignments and conflict declarations”.

C:

“Ask a project sponsor to confirm the auditors are objective despite direct implementation involvement” is not the relevant mitigation. Assessment independence matters even when testers understand the system. The scenario calls for “Use independent reviewers to reduce self-review conflicts”; the acceptance check is “Inspect reviewer assignments and conflict declarations”.

D:

The proposal “Replace independent review with an automated checklist authored solely by the implementation team” does not meet the relevant requirement because assessment independence matters even when testers understand the system. The matching remediation is “Use independent reviewers to reduce self-review conflicts”.

Question 459

An internal audit team tests the payment application it recently implemented. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Inspect only passing control-test results while the testers evaluated their own work
  2. Confirm an audit committee received a report but not whether independent challenge occurred
  3. Inspect reviewer assignments and conflict declarations
  4. Verify the audit completed on time without examining reviewer roles and conflicts

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Assessment independence matters even when testers understand the system. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Inspect reviewer assignments and conflict declarations.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Inspect only passing control-test results while the testers evaluated their own work” does not show the required outcome: inspect reviewer assignments and conflict declarations. That test matters because assessment independence matters even when testers understand the system.

B:

Assessment independence matters even when testers understand the system. The proposed check, “Confirm an audit committee received a report but not whether independent challenge occurred”, misses the relevant outcome; “Inspect reviewer assignments and conflict declarations” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

Assessment independence matters even when testers understand the system. The proposed check, “Verify the audit completed on time without examining reviewer roles and conflicts”, misses the relevant outcome; “Inspect reviewer assignments and conflict declarations” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 460

A multinational's audit samples only one country's infrastructure. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Depend on one global policy document without testing country-specific implementations or environments
  2. Base the multinational conclusion on the easiest country's infrastructure and extrapolate globally
  3. Sample only the headquarters site while omitting distinct local regulations and hosting providers
  4. Design location-aware assurance coverage across relevant sites and providers

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Global control conclusions require representative scope. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify sampling plan covers distinct regulated environments.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Global control conclusions require representative scope. “Depend on one global policy document without testing country-specific implementations or environments” does not supply that control; “Design location-aware assurance coverage across relevant sites and providers” addresses the identified gap, and “Verify sampling plan covers distinct regulated environments” verifies the result.

B:

The security distinction is that global control conclusions require representative scope. “Base the multinational conclusion on the easiest country's infrastructure and extrapolate globally” addresses neither the required “Design location-aware assurance coverage across relevant sites and providers” action nor its supporting evidence: “Verify sampling plan covers distinct regulated environments”.

C:

Global control conclusions require representative scope. “Sample only the headquarters site while omitting distinct local regulations and hosting providers” does not supply that control; “Design location-aware assurance coverage across relevant sites and providers” addresses the identified gap, and “Verify sampling plan covers distinct regulated environments” verifies the result.

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