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Exam Code: CISSP
Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
Certification Provider: ISC
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 48

Question 470

A new service handles regulated patient data and third-party integrations. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Build the hospital audit solely around CPU uptime and ordinary availability reports
  2. Build a risk-weighted audit plan with sensitive processing and external endpoints
  3. Accept the third-party integration's contract as proof of safe handling of clinical records
  4. Sample the public appointment site only and exclude protected patient-data flows and external endpoints

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Audit priorities should follow business impact and trust boundaries. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to review sampling rationale against service data flows.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Build the hospital audit solely around CPU uptime and ordinary availability reports” is not the relevant mitigation. Audit priorities should follow business impact and trust boundaries. The scenario calls for “Build a risk-weighted audit plan with sensitive processing and external endpoints”; the acceptance check is “Review sampling rationale against service data flows”.

C:

“Accept the third-party integration's contract as proof of safe handling of clinical records” is not the relevant mitigation. Audit priorities should follow business impact and trust boundaries. The scenario calls for “Build a risk-weighted audit plan with sensitive processing and external endpoints”; the acceptance check is “Review sampling rationale against service data flows”.

D:

The proposal “Sample the public appointment site only and exclude protected patient-data flows and external endpoints” does not meet the relevant requirement because audit priorities should follow business impact and trust boundaries. The matching remediation is “Build a risk-weighted audit plan with sensitive processing and external endpoints”.

Question 471

A new service handles regulated patient data and third-party integrations. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review the integration vendor's general security brochure without assessing the actual interfaces
  2. Check audit sample counts but not whether sensitive data and connected processors were represented
  3. Review sampling rationale against service data flows
  4. Confirm the hospital site responds normally without examining regulated processing paths

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Audit priorities should follow business impact and trust boundaries. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Review sampling rationale against service data flows.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Review the integration vendor's general security brochure without assessing the actual interfaces” does not show the required outcome: review sampling rationale against service data flows. That test matters because audit priorities should follow business impact and trust boundaries.

B:

Audit priorities should follow business impact and trust boundaries. The proposed check, “Check audit sample counts but not whether sensitive data and connected processors were represented”, misses the relevant outcome; “Review sampling rationale against service data flows” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

Audit priorities should follow business impact and trust boundaries. The proposed check, “Confirm the hospital site responds normally without examining regulated processing paths”, misses the relevant outcome; “Review sampling rationale against service data flows” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 472

An organization runs a vulnerability scanner but does not confirm remediation. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Defer all remediation tracking to an annual compliance report with no technical closure evidence
  2. Close vulnerability tickets as soon as a developer reports applying a patch, without rescanning
  3. Run unauthenticated scans repeatedly but never validate whether the vulnerable package is reachable
  4. Combine discovery with authenticated validation and owner-tracked fixes

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Finding a vulnerability is not the same as demonstrating closure. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Finding a vulnerability is not the same as demonstrating closure. “Defer all remediation tracking to an annual compliance report with no technical closure evidence” does not supply that control; “Combine discovery with authenticated validation and owner-tracked fixes” addresses the identified gap, and “Rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction” verifies the result.

B:

The security distinction is that finding a vulnerability is not the same as demonstrating closure. “Close vulnerability tickets as soon as a developer reports applying a patch, without rescanning” addresses neither the required “Combine discovery with authenticated validation and owner-tracked fixes” action nor its supporting evidence: “Rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction”.

C:

Finding a vulnerability is not the same as demonstrating closure. “Run unauthenticated scans repeatedly but never validate whether the vulnerable package is reachable” does not supply that control; “Combine discovery with authenticated validation and owner-tracked fixes” addresses the identified gap, and “Rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction” verifies the result.

Question 473

An organization runs a vulnerability scanner but does not confirm remediation. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction
  2. Confirm the original scanner detected issues but do not retest hosts after reported fixes
  3. Review patch installation status while vulnerable services still may be exposed
  4. Count closed remediation tickets instead of verifying that attack paths are removed

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Finding a vulnerability is not the same as demonstrating closure. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Confirm the original scanner detected issues but do not retest hosts after reported fixes” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction”, reflecting the requirement that finding a vulnerability is not the same as demonstrating closure.

C:

“Review patch installation status while vulnerable services still may be exposed” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Combine discovery with authenticated validation and owner-tracked fixes” works. Finding a vulnerability is not the same as demonstrating closure. The decisive test is “Rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction”.

D:

“Count closed remediation tickets instead of verifying that attack paths are removed” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Rescan repaired hosts and verify actual exposure reduction”, reflecting the requirement that finding a vulnerability is not the same as demonstrating closure.

Question 474

A red-team exercise finds an exploitable control path but defenders were excluded. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Count attacker objectives reached as the sole measure without evaluating defensive detection or response
  2. Define coordinated purple-team feedback to improve detections
  3. Repeat an identical red-team exercise but keep SOC observers excluded to avoid contaminating results
  4. Publish the red-team report to leadership but never share attack-path details with defenders

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Adversary simulation is most useful when detection learning is captured. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Count attacker objectives reached as the sole measure without evaluating defensive detection or response” would not establish the protection described: adversary simulation is most useful when detection learning is captured. The necessary change is “Define coordinated purple-team feedback to improve detections” with the verification “Replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals”.

C:

“Repeat an identical red-team exercise but keep SOC observers excluded to avoid contaminating results” would not establish the protection described: adversary simulation is most useful when detection learning is captured. The necessary change is “Define coordinated purple-team feedback to improve detections” with the verification “Replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals”.

D:

“Publish the red-team report to leadership but never share attack-path details with defenders” leaves the essential control missing: adversary simulation is most useful when detection learning is captured. The direct corrective action is “Define coordinated purple-team feedback to improve detections”, validated by the acceptance check “Replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals”.

Question 475

A red-team exercise finds an exploitable control path but defenders were excluded. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check that a remediation ticket exists without testing whether defenders now recognize the attack
  2. Confirm red-team access was achieved without replaying activity against detection rules
  3. Replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals
  4. Review only the exercise scorecard while no SOC alerts or containment signals are inspected

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Adversary simulation is most useful when detection learning is captured. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals” because adversary simulation is most useful when detection learning is captured. “Check that a remediation ticket exists without testing whether defenders now recognize the attack” cannot establish that result.

B:

An observation of “Confirm red-team access was achieved without replaying activity against detection rules” would not verify the relevant control. Adversary simulation is most useful when detection learning is captured. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals”.

D:

An observation of “Review only the exercise scorecard while no SOC alerts or containment signals are inspected” would not verify the relevant control. Adversary simulation is most useful when detection learning is captured. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Replay the path and verify alerting and containment signals”.

Question 476

A web API release changes authorization logic. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Test only valid API object requests under administrator accounts after changing authorization logic
  2. Validate response schemas without attempting user-to-user object access
  3. Rely on a security scan for SQL injection while ignoring broken object-level authorization
  4. Run negative misuse-case tests for unauthorized object access

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Happy-path integration tests miss authorization abuse. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to try cross-account object IDs using valid low-privilege tokens.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Test only valid API object requests under administrator accounts after changing authorization logic” is not the relevant mitigation. Happy-path integration tests miss authorization abuse. The scenario calls for “Run negative misuse-case tests for unauthorized object access”; the acceptance check is “Try cross-account object IDs using valid low-privilege tokens”.

B:

The proposal “Validate response schemas without attempting user-to-user object access” does not meet the relevant requirement because happy-path integration tests miss authorization abuse. The matching remediation is “Run negative misuse-case tests for unauthorized object access”.

C:

“Rely on a security scan for SQL injection while ignoring broken object-level authorization” is not the relevant mitigation. Happy-path integration tests miss authorization abuse. The scenario calls for “Run negative misuse-case tests for unauthorized object access”; the acceptance check is “Try cross-account object IDs using valid low-privilege tokens”.

Question 477

A web API release changes authorization logic. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Try cross-account object IDs using valid low-privilege tokens
  2. Check authentication token expiry but not API authorization on individual resources
  3. Review gateway access logs without attempting a forbidden cross-account operation
  4. Confirm a legitimate user retrieves their own object without trying a foreign account ID

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Happy-path integration tests miss authorization abuse. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Try cross-account object IDs using valid low-privilege tokens.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Happy-path integration tests miss authorization abuse. The proposed check, “Check authentication token expiry but not API authorization on individual resources”, misses the relevant outcome; “Try cross-account object IDs using valid low-privilege tokens” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

C:

“Review gateway access logs without attempting a forbidden cross-account operation” does not show the required outcome: try cross-account object IDs using valid low-privilege tokens. That test matters because happy-path integration tests miss authorization abuse.

D:

Happy-path integration tests miss authorization abuse. The proposed check, “Confirm a legitimate user retrieves their own object without trying a foreign account ID”, misses the relevant outcome; “Try cross-account object IDs using valid low-privilege tokens” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 478

A development group relies only on dynamic tests to find embedded credentials. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Encrypt network connections while permitting plaintext production API keys in source repositories
  2. Add source analysis and secret scanning in CI
  3. Use only dynamic website scans and assume source-embedded credentials will always be exposed at runtime
  4. Search for secrets manually once before launch but leave future CI merges unchecked

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Static scanning finds source-level leakage before runtime. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Static scanning finds source-level leakage before runtime. “Encrypt network connections while permitting plaintext production API keys in source repositories” does not supply that control; “Add source analysis and secret scanning in CI” addresses the identified gap, and “Insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it” verifies the result.

C:

Static scanning finds source-level leakage before runtime. “Use only dynamic website scans and assume source-embedded credentials will always be exposed at runtime” does not supply that control; “Add source analysis and secret scanning in CI” addresses the identified gap, and “Insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it” verifies the result.

D:

The security distinction is that static scanning finds source-level leakage before runtime. “Search for secrets manually once before launch but leave future CI merges unchecked” addresses neither the required “Add source analysis and secret scanning in CI” action nor its supporting evidence: “Insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it”.

Question 479

A development group relies only on dynamic tests to find embedded credentials. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm the dynamic scanner reports no issues without inserting a harmless test credential into code
  2. Review a single release archive but not the pull-request secret-detection gate
  3. Insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it
  4. Verify HTTPS deployment while an embedded test secret passes through CI undetected

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Static scanning finds source-level leakage before runtime. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Confirm the dynamic scanner reports no issues without inserting a harmless test credential into code” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Add source analysis and secret scanning in CI” works. Static scanning finds source-level leakage before runtime. The decisive test is “Insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it”.

B:

“Review a single release archive but not the pull-request secret-detection gate” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it”, reflecting the requirement that static scanning finds source-level leakage before runtime.

D:

“Verify HTTPS deployment while an embedded test secret passes through CI undetected” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Insert a test secret marker and verify the release gate blocks it”, reflecting the requirement that static scanning finds source-level leakage before runtime.

Question 480

A software bill of materials lists a library with a known critical flaw. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Upgrade the build machine's operating system while shipping the same flawed library in the release
  2. Rename the dependency package in the inventory instead of updating or mitigating the affected version
  3. Mark the vulnerable dependency accepted because the application has a valid software bill of materials
  4. Perform composition analysis and dependency remediation validation

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Upgrade the build machine's operating system while shipping the same flawed library in the release” would not establish the protection described: software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The necessary change is “Perform composition analysis and dependency remediation validation” with the verification “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build”.

B:

“Rename the dependency package in the inventory instead of updating or mitigating the affected version” leaves the essential control missing: software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The direct corrective action is “Perform composition analysis and dependency remediation validation”, validated by the acceptance check “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build”.

C:

“Mark the vulnerable dependency accepted because the application has a valid software bill of materials” would not establish the protection described: software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The necessary change is “Perform composition analysis and dependency remediation validation” with the verification “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build”.

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