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Exam Code: CISSP
Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
Certification Provider: ISC
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 49

Question 480

A software bill of materials lists a library with a known critical flaw. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Upgrade the build machine's operating system while shipping the same flawed library in the release
  2. Rename the dependency package in the inventory instead of updating or mitigating the affected version
  3. Mark the vulnerable dependency accepted because the application has a valid software bill of materials
  4. Perform composition analysis and dependency remediation validation

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Upgrade the build machine's operating system while shipping the same flawed library in the release” would not establish the protection described: software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The necessary change is “Perform composition analysis and dependency remediation validation” with the verification “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build”.

B:

“Rename the dependency package in the inventory instead of updating or mitigating the affected version” leaves the essential control missing: software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The direct corrective action is “Perform composition analysis and dependency remediation validation”, validated by the acceptance check “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build”.

C:

“Mark the vulnerable dependency accepted because the application has a valid software bill of materials” would not establish the protection described: software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The necessary change is “Perform composition analysis and dependency remediation validation” with the verification “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build”.

Question 481

A software bill of materials lists a library with a known critical flaw. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build
  2. Verify CI compiles successfully while the known critical vulnerable component remains present
  3. Confirm the SBOM mentions the library without checking remediation in the deployed artifact
  4. Review a developer's patch ticket but not the actual final dependency version

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An observation of “Verify CI compiles successfully while the known critical vulnerable component remains present” would not verify the relevant control. Software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build”.

C:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build” because software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. “Confirm the SBOM mentions the library without checking remediation in the deployed artifact” cannot establish that result.

D:

An observation of “Review a developer's patch ticket but not the actual final dependency version” would not verify the relevant control. Software composition analysis differs from scanning only proprietary source. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Verify vulnerable version removal in the final released build”.

Question 482

A production app's interface is unreachable from approved customer networks. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Run synthetic health checks from the application server itself and infer customers can reach the interface
  2. Use synthetic transactions and path-oriented acceptance checks
  3. Check only server CPU and process state without sending actual client transactions
  4. Treat a green load balancer probe as proof that all approved customer network paths function

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Synthetic transactions measure user-visible operation, not just a listening port. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to execute realistic client requests from supported vantage points.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Run synthetic health checks from the application server itself and infer customers can reach the interface” is not the relevant mitigation. Synthetic transactions measure user-visible operation, not just a listening port. The scenario calls for “Use synthetic transactions and path-oriented acceptance checks”; the acceptance check is “Execute realistic client requests from supported vantage points”.

C:

“Check only server CPU and process state without sending actual client transactions” is not the relevant mitigation. Synthetic transactions measure user-visible operation, not just a listening port. The scenario calls for “Use synthetic transactions and path-oriented acceptance checks”; the acceptance check is “Execute realistic client requests from supported vantage points”.

D:

The proposal “Treat a green load balancer probe as proof that all approved customer network paths function” does not meet the relevant requirement because synthetic transactions measure user-visible operation, not just a listening port. The matching remediation is “Use synthetic transactions and path-oriented acceptance checks”.

Question 483

A production app's interface is unreachable from approved customer networks. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review service uptime dashboards without measuring realistic transaction completion
  2. Check firewall configuration documents rather than performing end-to-end requests from user locations
  3. Execute realistic client requests from supported vantage points
  4. Confirm an internal localhost request succeeds but never test external approved client routes

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Synthetic transactions measure user-visible operation, not just a listening port. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Execute realistic client requests from supported vantage points.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Review service uptime dashboards without measuring realistic transaction completion” does not show the required outcome: execute realistic client requests from supported vantage points. That test matters because synthetic transactions measure user-visible operation, not just a listening port.

B:

Synthetic transactions measure user-visible operation, not just a listening port. The proposed check, “Check firewall configuration documents rather than performing end-to-end requests from user locations”, misses the relevant outcome; “Execute realistic client requests from supported vantage points” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

Synthetic transactions measure user-visible operation, not just a listening port. The proposed check, “Confirm an internal localhost request succeeds but never test external approved client routes”, misses the relevant outcome; “Execute realistic client requests from supported vantage points” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 484

A vendor's control evidence is a collection of raw logs with no analysis. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Accept the log collector's successful upload as an independent assurance conclusion
  2. Forward the vendor's raw log files to management without defining control-relevant events or findings
  3. Count how many records exist but skip investigation of exceptions and sampled transaction behavior
  4. Perform structured log review against control intent and time window

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Log collection alone is not control assessment. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Log collection alone is not control assessment. “Accept the log collector's successful upload as an independent assurance conclusion” does not supply that control; “Perform structured log review against control intent and time window” addresses the identified gap, and “Check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples” verifies the result.

B:

The security distinction is that log collection alone is not control assessment. “Forward the vendor's raw log files to management without defining control-relevant events or findings” addresses neither the required “Perform structured log review against control intent and time window” action nor its supporting evidence: “Check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples”.

C:

Log collection alone is not control assessment. “Count how many records exist but skip investigation of exceptions and sampled transaction behavior” does not supply that control; “Perform structured log review against control intent and time window” addresses the identified gap, and “Check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples” verifies the result.

Question 485

A vendor's control evidence is a collection of raw logs with no analysis. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples
  2. Verify log files are nonempty but not whether events support the claimed control
  3. Check storage retention alone without tracing reviewer reasoning and sample coverage
  4. Inspect the vendor's audit dashboard while no conclusions can be reconciled to events

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Log collection alone is not control assessment. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Verify log files are nonempty but not whether events support the claimed control” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples”, reflecting the requirement that log collection alone is not control assessment.

C:

“Check storage retention alone without tracing reviewer reasoning and sample coverage” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Perform structured log review against control intent and time window” works. Log collection alone is not control assessment. The decisive test is “Check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples”.

D:

“Inspect the vendor's audit dashboard while no conclusions can be reconciled to events” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Check reviewer conclusions are backed by relevant event samples”, reflecting the requirement that log collection alone is not control assessment.

Question 486

A compliance scan finds a configuration deviation with an approved short-term exception. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Remove the scanning finding from reports without considering the exception's expiry or residual risk
  2. Apply exception matching and assess residual exposure separately
  3. Apply the exception to every similar system rather than the specifically authorized configuration and period
  4. Treat an approved exception as permission to ignore all related control failures indefinitely

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Authorized exceptions must be documented rather than silently suppressed. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Remove the scanning finding from reports without considering the exception's expiry or residual risk” would not establish the protection described: authorized exceptions must be documented rather than silently suppressed. The necessary change is “Apply exception matching and assess residual exposure separately” with the verification “Check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence”.

C:

“Apply the exception to every similar system rather than the specifically authorized configuration and period” would not establish the protection described: authorized exceptions must be documented rather than silently suppressed. The necessary change is “Apply exception matching and assess residual exposure separately” with the verification “Check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence”.

D:

“Treat an approved exception as permission to ignore all related control failures indefinitely” leaves the essential control missing: authorized exceptions must be documented rather than silently suppressed. The direct corrective action is “Apply exception matching and assess residual exposure separately”, validated by the acceptance check “Check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence”.

Question 487

A compliance scan finds a configuration deviation with an approved short-term exception. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm a ticket exists while actual exposure under the exception has not been assessed
  2. Verify the scan marks the deviation ignored but not whether the exception is still valid
  3. Check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence
  4. Check the control owner name but omit expiry, compensating measures and scope

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Authorized exceptions must be documented rather than silently suppressed. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence” because authorized exceptions must be documented rather than silently suppressed. “Confirm a ticket exists while actual exposure under the exception has not been assessed” cannot establish that result.

B:

An observation of “Verify the scan marks the deviation ignored but not whether the exception is still valid” would not verify the relevant control. Authorized exceptions must be documented rather than silently suppressed. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence”.

D:

An observation of “Check the control owner name but omit expiry, compensating measures and scope” would not verify the relevant control. Authorized exceptions must be documented rather than silently suppressed. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Check expiry, control owner and compensating evidence”.

Question 488

An API gateway deployment adds a new public endpoint. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Test the new API route for successful authorized responses but omit misuse and malformed input cases
  2. Assume existing gateway authentication covers every new endpoint without route-by-route policy checks
  3. Leave undocumented alternate HTTP methods active because only the documented GET route was reviewed
  4. Perform interface testing for access controls, input validation and abuse paths

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

API surface testing must include all exposed methods and resources. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to issue authorized and unauthorized requests to each documented route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Test the new API route for successful authorized responses but omit misuse and malformed input cases” is not the relevant mitigation. API surface testing must include all exposed methods and resources. The scenario calls for “Perform interface testing for access controls, input validation and abuse paths”; the acceptance check is “Issue authorized and unauthorized requests to each documented route”.

B:

The proposal “Assume existing gateway authentication covers every new endpoint without route-by-route policy checks” does not meet the relevant requirement because API surface testing must include all exposed methods and resources. The matching remediation is “Perform interface testing for access controls, input validation and abuse paths”.

C:

“Leave undocumented alternate HTTP methods active because only the documented GET route was reviewed” is not the relevant mitigation. API surface testing must include all exposed methods and resources. The scenario calls for “Perform interface testing for access controls, input validation and abuse paths”; the acceptance check is “Issue authorized and unauthorized requests to each documented route”.

Question 489

An API gateway deployment adds a new public endpoint. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Issue authorized and unauthorized requests to each documented route
  2. Check a gateway deployment succeeded while input and rate-abuse paths remain untested
  3. Review route documentation without exercising permitted and denied methods on every exposed endpoint
  4. Confirm one correct API call works without attempting unauthorized object access

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

API surface testing must include all exposed methods and resources. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Issue authorized and unauthorized requests to each documented route.

Incorrect Answers

B:

API surface testing must include all exposed methods and resources. The proposed check, “Check a gateway deployment succeeded while input and rate-abuse paths remain untested”, misses the relevant outcome; “Issue authorized and unauthorized requests to each documented route” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

C:

“Review route documentation without exercising permitted and denied methods on every exposed endpoint” does not show the required outcome: issue authorized and unauthorized requests to each documented route. That test matters because API surface testing must include all exposed methods and resources.

D:

API surface testing must include all exposed methods and resources. The proposed check, “Confirm one correct API call works without attempting unauthorized object access”, misses the relevant outcome; “Issue authorized and unauthorized requests to each documented route” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 490

A team wants to assess phishing resilience without sending malicious payloads. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Run a covert simulation without formal authorization, clear safety boundaries or outcome metrics
  2. Run a formally approved benign simulation with measurable reporting outcomes
  3. Send live malware attachments to employees to create realistic phishing assessment conditions
  4. Count delivered test emails alone and infer that participants recognize the deception

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Safety-bound simulations can test people and processes without real compromise. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to compare participant responses against campaign success criteria.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Safety-bound simulations can test people and processes without real compromise. “Run a covert simulation without formal authorization, clear safety boundaries or outcome metrics” does not supply that control; “Run a formally approved benign simulation with measurable reporting outcomes” addresses the identified gap, and “Compare participant responses against campaign success criteria” verifies the result.

C:

Safety-bound simulations can test people and processes without real compromise. “Send live malware attachments to employees to create realistic phishing assessment conditions” does not supply that control; “Run a formally approved benign simulation with measurable reporting outcomes” addresses the identified gap, and “Compare participant responses against campaign success criteria” verifies the result.

D:

The security distinction is that safety-bound simulations can test people and processes without real compromise. “Count delivered test emails alone and infer that participants recognize the deception” addresses neither the required “Run a formally approved benign simulation with measurable reporting outcomes” action nor its supporting evidence: “Compare participant responses against campaign success criteria”.

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