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Exam Code: CISSP
Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 20

Question 190

A cloud workload treats traffic from its private network as automatically trusted. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review private subnet membership instead of testing resource-level denies within the network
  2. Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied
  3. Verify external traffic is blocked without attempting access by an unauthorized internal identity
  4. Confirm internal sessions are encrypted but not whether the requesting principal is authorized

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Review private subnet membership instead of testing resource-level denies within the network” would not verify the relevant control. Zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied”.

C:

An observation of “Verify external traffic is blocked without attempting access by an unauthorized internal identity” would not verify the relevant control. Zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied”.

D:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied” because zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. “Confirm internal sessions are encrypted but not whether the requesting principal is authorized” cannot establish that result.

Question 191

Sensitive customer fields are copied into analytics data by default. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Copy every customer identifier into analytics first and apply access restrictions after dataset publication
  2. Pseudonymize display names while retaining unnecessary direct identifiers in joined analytic tables
  3. Apply privacy-by-design minimization and purpose restriction at system design
  4. Obtain a broad consent checkbox without limiting which personal fields the analysis requires

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Privacy controls should be designed before data proliferation. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to inspect analytic datasets for unnecessary identifiers.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposal “Copy every customer identifier into analytics first and apply access restrictions after dataset publication” does not meet the relevant requirement because privacy controls should be designed before data proliferation. The matching remediation is “Apply privacy-by-design minimization and purpose restriction at system design”.

B:

“Pseudonymize display names while retaining unnecessary direct identifiers in joined analytic tables” is not the relevant mitigation. Privacy controls should be designed before data proliferation. The scenario calls for “Apply privacy-by-design minimization and purpose restriction at system design”; the acceptance check is “Inspect analytic datasets for unnecessary identifiers”.

D:

“Obtain a broad consent checkbox without limiting which personal fields the analysis requires” is not the relevant mitigation. Privacy controls should be designed before data proliferation. The scenario calls for “Apply privacy-by-design minimization and purpose restriction at system design”; the acceptance check is “Inspect analytic datasets for unnecessary identifiers”.

Question 192

Sensitive customer fields are copied into analytics data by default. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check a dashboard masks customer names while raw analytic exports still reveal them
  2. Verify the collection notice exists without comparing the dataset against declared purposes
  3. Confirm analytic queries run fast without inspecting unused identifiers in output tables
  4. Inspect analytic datasets for unnecessary identifiers

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Privacy controls should be designed before data proliferation. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Inspect analytic datasets for unnecessary identifiers.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Privacy controls should be designed before data proliferation. The proposed check, “Check a dashboard masks customer names while raw analytic exports still reveal them”, misses the relevant outcome; “Inspect analytic datasets for unnecessary identifiers” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

B:

“Verify the collection notice exists without comparing the dataset against declared purposes” does not show the required outcome: inspect analytic datasets for unnecessary identifiers. That test matters because privacy controls should be designed before data proliferation.

C:

Privacy controls should be designed before data proliferation. The proposed check, “Confirm analytic queries run fast without inspecting unused identifiers in output tables”, misses the relevant outcome; “Inspect analytic datasets for unnecessary identifiers” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 193

A confidentiality-focused clearance policy must prevent low-cleared subjects reading high data. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Use an approved confidentiality lattice policy such as Bell-LaPadula for access decisions
  2. Depend on discretionary file owners to approve access outside mandatory clearance labels
  3. Apply the Biba integrity rule to the confidentiality system instead of blocking lower-clearance reads
  4. Permit lower-clearance staff to read high data if they promise not to save copies

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Bell-LaPadula's simple-security property prevents read up. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Bell-LaPadula's simple-security property prevents read up. “Depend on discretionary file owners to approve access outside mandatory clearance labels” does not supply that control; “Use an approved confidentiality lattice policy such as Bell-LaPadula for access decisions” addresses the identified gap, and “Test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial” verifies the result.

C:

The security distinction is that bell-LaPadula's simple-security property prevents read up. “Apply the Biba integrity rule to the confidentiality system instead of blocking lower-clearance reads” addresses neither the required “Use an approved confidentiality lattice policy such as Bell-LaPadula for access decisions” action nor its supporting evidence: “Test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial”.

D:

Bell-LaPadula's simple-security property prevents read up. “Permit lower-clearance staff to read high data if they promise not to save copies” does not supply that control; “Use an approved confidentiality lattice policy such as Bell-LaPadula for access decisions” addresses the identified gap, and “Test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial” verifies the result.

Question 194

A confidentiality-focused clearance policy must prevent low-cleared subjects reading high data. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Test that high-cleared users can read low-level records but never test the forbidden read-up case
  2. Test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial
  3. Confirm users authenticate with MFA without evaluating clearance labels on high data
  4. Review the classification policy but omit access attempts by lower-level subjects

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Bell-LaPadula's simple-security property prevents read up. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Test that high-cleared users can read low-level records but never test the forbidden read-up case” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial”, reflecting the requirement that bell-LaPadula's simple-security property prevents read up.

C:

“Confirm users authenticate with MFA without evaluating clearance labels on high data” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial”, reflecting the requirement that bell-LaPadula's simple-security property prevents read up.

D:

“Review the classification policy but omit access attempts by lower-level subjects” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Use an approved confidentiality lattice policy such as Bell-LaPadula for access decisions” works. Bell-LaPadula's simple-security property prevents read up. The decisive test is “Test a lower-level subject's read request and verify denial”.

Question 195

An integrity-focused workflow must prevent low-integrity data altering high-integrity decisions. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Rely on digitally signed reports but grant low-integrity writers unrestricted modification access
  2. Permit the low-integrity feed to write up and inspect changes only after high-trust decisions execute
  3. Apply an integrity lattice such as strict Biba to restrict write up
  4. Enforce a confidentiality no-read-up rule while allowing low-integrity processes to update trusted decisions

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Biba integrity constraints differ from confidentiality lattice rules. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Rely on digitally signed reports but grant low-integrity writers unrestricted modification access” leaves the essential control missing: biba integrity constraints differ from confidentiality lattice rules. The direct corrective action is “Apply an integrity lattice such as strict Biba to restrict write up”, validated by the acceptance check “Verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects”.

B:

“Permit the low-integrity feed to write up and inspect changes only after high-trust decisions execute” would not establish the protection described: biba integrity constraints differ from confidentiality lattice rules. The necessary change is “Apply an integrity lattice such as strict Biba to restrict write up” with the verification “Verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects”.

D:

“Enforce a confidentiality no-read-up rule while allowing low-integrity processes to update trusted decisions” would not establish the protection described: biba integrity constraints differ from confidentiality lattice rules. The necessary change is “Apply an integrity lattice such as strict Biba to restrict write up” with the verification “Verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects”.

Question 196

An integrity-focused workflow must prevent low-integrity data altering high-integrity decisions. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Verify audit logs capture writes but do not attempt to block untrusted modifications
  2. Confirm low-integrity subjects can read published data without testing prohibited write-up access
  3. Check that trusted operators have login credentials while low-integrity updates remain permitted
  4. Verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Biba integrity constraints differ from confidentiality lattice rules. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Verify audit logs capture writes but do not attempt to block untrusted modifications” would not verify the relevant control. Biba integrity constraints differ from confidentiality lattice rules. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects”.

B:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects” because biba integrity constraints differ from confidentiality lattice rules. “Confirm low-integrity subjects can read published data without testing prohibited write-up access” cannot establish that result.

C:

An observation of “Check that trusted operators have login credentials while low-integrity updates remain permitted” would not verify the relevant control. Biba integrity constraints differ from confidentiality lattice rules. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Verify low-integrity subjects cannot write to protected high-integrity objects”.

Question 197

Two departments share servers but require strict information-flow separation. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Define explicit labels and information-flow enforcement appropriate to the model
  2. Use one shared administrator ACL for both departments and depend on users to respect boundaries
  3. Tag servers by department but leave the information-flow enforcement unchanged
  4. Encrypt disks on the shared server while permitting cross-category data reads and writes

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Logical separation requires object labels and mandatory enforcement. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to test prohibited cross-category reads and writes between domains.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Use one shared administrator ACL for both departments and depend on users to respect boundaries” is not the relevant mitigation. Logical separation requires object labels and mandatory enforcement. The scenario calls for “Define explicit labels and information-flow enforcement appropriate to the model”; the acceptance check is “Test prohibited cross-category reads and writes between domains”.

C:

The proposal “Tag servers by department but leave the information-flow enforcement unchanged” does not meet the relevant requirement because logical separation requires object labels and mandatory enforcement. The matching remediation is “Define explicit labels and information-flow enforcement appropriate to the model”.

D:

“Encrypt disks on the shared server while permitting cross-category data reads and writes” is not the relevant mitigation. Logical separation requires object labels and mandatory enforcement. The scenario calls for “Define explicit labels and information-flow enforcement appropriate to the model”; the acceptance check is “Test prohibited cross-category reads and writes between domains”.

Question 198

Two departments share servers but require strict information-flow separation. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Verify labels appear in documentation but not that the reference monitor enforces them
  2. Test prohibited cross-category reads and writes between domains
  3. Review encrypted disk status without testing separation of department data
  4. Check that both departments can access the host without attempting prohibited cross-label flows

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Logical separation requires object labels and mandatory enforcement. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Test prohibited cross-category reads and writes between domains.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Logical separation requires object labels and mandatory enforcement. The proposed check, “Verify labels appear in documentation but not that the reference monitor enforces them”, misses the relevant outcome; “Test prohibited cross-category reads and writes between domains” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

C:

Logical separation requires object labels and mandatory enforcement. The proposed check, “Review encrypted disk status without testing separation of department data”, misses the relevant outcome; “Test prohibited cross-category reads and writes between domains” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

“Check that both departments can access the host without attempting prohibited cross-label flows” does not show the required outcome: test prohibited cross-category reads and writes between domains. That test matters because logical separation requires object labels and mandatory enforcement.

Question 199

A team assumes mandatory access control is equivalent to a user-owned share setting. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Encrypt sensitive files but let object owners grant access to any recipient without label evaluation
  2. Allow resource owners to change mandatory classification labels whenever they need collaboration
  3. Enforce centrally assigned security labels beyond discretionary owner grants
  4. Replace central mandatory policy with file-system sharing permissions controlled by each creator

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Mandatory security policy cannot be delegated entirely to object owners. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify resource owners cannot override policy labels.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The security distinction is that mandatory security policy cannot be delegated entirely to object owners. “Encrypt sensitive files but let object owners grant access to any recipient without label evaluation” addresses neither the required “Enforce centrally assigned security labels beyond discretionary owner grants” action nor its supporting evidence: “Verify resource owners cannot override policy labels”.

B:

Mandatory security policy cannot be delegated entirely to object owners. “Allow resource owners to change mandatory classification labels whenever they need collaboration” does not supply that control; “Enforce centrally assigned security labels beyond discretionary owner grants” addresses the identified gap, and “Verify resource owners cannot override policy labels” verifies the result.

D:

Mandatory security policy cannot be delegated entirely to object owners. “Replace central mandatory policy with file-system sharing permissions controlled by each creator” does not supply that control; “Enforce centrally assigned security labels beyond discretionary owner grants” addresses the identified gap, and “Verify resource owners cannot override policy labels” verifies the result.

Question 200

A team assumes mandatory access control is equivalent to a user-owned share setting. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm file owners can share ordinary files without attempting to override mandatory labels
  2. Check that the label UI displays correctly but not whether owner bypass is possible
  3. Review account authentication while discretionary grants circumvent required security labels
  4. Verify resource owners cannot override policy labels

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Mandatory security policy cannot be delegated entirely to object owners. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Verify resource owners cannot override policy labels.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Confirm file owners can share ordinary files without attempting to override mandatory labels” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Verify resource owners cannot override policy labels”, reflecting the requirement that mandatory security policy cannot be delegated entirely to object owners.

B:

“Check that the label UI displays correctly but not whether owner bypass is possible” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Enforce centrally assigned security labels beyond discretionary owner grants” works. Mandatory security policy cannot be delegated entirely to object owners. The decisive test is “Verify resource owners cannot override policy labels”.

C:

“Review account authentication while discretionary grants circumvent required security labels” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Verify resource owners cannot override policy labels”, reflecting the requirement that mandatory security policy cannot be delegated entirely to object owners.

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