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Exam Code: CISSP
Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 19

Question 180

A control baseline is copied wholesale to low-risk public information. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review administrator waivers without authorized risk-owner acceptance or rationale
  2. Count enabled controls but not whether tailoring choices meet business impact
  3. Confirm baseline templates were copied everywhere without examining proportionality decisions
  4. Review documented tailoring decisions with risk owners

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Baseline selection is not the same as rigid identical controls everywhere. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Review documented tailoring decisions with risk owners.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Baseline selection is not the same as rigid identical controls everywhere. The proposed check, “Review administrator waivers without authorized risk-owner acceptance or rationale”, misses the relevant outcome; “Review documented tailoring decisions with risk owners” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

B:

“Count enabled controls but not whether tailoring choices meet business impact” does not show the required outcome: review documented tailoring decisions with risk owners. That test matters because baseline selection is not the same as rigid identical controls everywhere.

C:

Baseline selection is not the same as rigid identical controls everywhere. The proposed check, “Confirm baseline templates were copied everywhere without examining proportionality decisions”, misses the relevant outcome; “Review documented tailoring decisions with risk owners” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 181

An analyst must grant a vendor one-time access to highly confidential files. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Use minimum-time, need-based permissions with auditable recipient protection
  2. Provide the vendor with a shared administrator account rather than time-bounded individual access
  3. Grant the vendor indefinite read privileges because a single urgent request is legitimate
  4. Email confidential files without recipient-specific rights and rely on the vendor's discretion to delete them

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Data protection considers purpose, duration and recipient context. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Data protection considers purpose, duration and recipient context. “Provide the vendor with a shared administrator account rather than time-bounded individual access” does not supply that control; “Use minimum-time, need-based permissions with auditable recipient protection” addresses the identified gap, and “Examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence” verifies the result.

C:

The security distinction is that data protection considers purpose, duration and recipient context. “Grant the vendor indefinite read privileges because a single urgent request is legitimate” addresses neither the required “Use minimum-time, need-based permissions with auditable recipient protection” action nor its supporting evidence: “Examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence”.

D:

Data protection considers purpose, duration and recipient context. “Email confidential files without recipient-specific rights and rely on the vendor's discretion to delete them” does not supply that control; “Use minimum-time, need-based permissions with auditable recipient protection” addresses the identified gap, and “Examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence” verifies the result.

Question 182

An analyst must grant a vendor one-time access to highly confidential files. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm one successful vendor download but never check access expiry or onward copying
  2. Examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence
  3. Review an approved request ticket without validating recipient restrictions and expiration
  4. Check shared-account logins while failing to attribute activity to the temporary vendor user

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Data protection considers purpose, duration and recipient context. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Confirm one successful vendor download but never check access expiry or onward copying” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence”, reflecting the requirement that data protection considers purpose, duration and recipient context.

C:

“Review an approved request ticket without validating recipient restrictions and expiration” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence”, reflecting the requirement that data protection considers purpose, duration and recipient context.

D:

“Check shared-account logins while failing to attribute activity to the temporary vendor user” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Use minimum-time, need-based permissions with auditable recipient protection” works. Data protection considers purpose, duration and recipient context. The decisive test is “Examine grant expiration and copy-control evidence”.

Question 183

A customer portal allows a service account unrestricted database administration. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Move the service credentials to a vault yet grant the same broad database owner rights
  2. Restrict administrative functions in the user interface while the backend account still has full privileges
  3. Replace broad rights with narrowly scoped privileges for necessary operations
  4. Enable detailed database audit logs but retain unrestricted administration for the portal service identity

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Least privilege limits the damage from a compromised service identity. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Move the service credentials to a vault yet grant the same broad database owner rights” leaves the essential control missing: least privilege limits the damage from a compromised service identity. The direct corrective action is “Replace broad rights with narrowly scoped privileges for necessary operations”, validated by the acceptance check “Test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes”.

B:

“Restrict administrative functions in the user interface while the backend account still has full privileges” would not establish the protection described: least privilege limits the damage from a compromised service identity. The necessary change is “Replace broad rights with narrowly scoped privileges for necessary operations” with the verification “Test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes”.

D:

“Enable detailed database audit logs but retain unrestricted administration for the portal service identity” would not establish the protection described: least privilege limits the damage from a compromised service identity. The necessary change is “Replace broad rights with narrowly scoped privileges for necessary operations” with the verification “Test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes”.

Question 184

A customer portal allows a service account unrestricted database administration. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm audit records exist while privileged database changes by the service still succeed
  2. Check that the portal can query customer records but never attempt a prohibited database action
  3. Verify credentials are vaulted without examining the database grants assigned to the service
  4. Test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Least privilege limits the damage from a compromised service identity. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Confirm audit records exist while privileged database changes by the service still succeed” would not verify the relevant control. Least privilege limits the damage from a compromised service identity. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes”.

B:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes” because least privilege limits the damage from a compromised service identity. “Check that the portal can query customer records but never attempt a prohibited database action” cannot establish that result.

C:

An observation of “Verify credentials are vaulted without examining the database grants assigned to the service” would not verify the relevant control. Least privilege limits the damage from a compromised service identity. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Test the portal workflow using an account that cannot perform administrative changes”.

Question 185

A critical control fails open when its policy service is unreachable. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Specify a fail-secure default with controlled emergency procedures
  2. Keep the policy engine's permissive fallback to preserve availability during outages
  3. Cache an unrestricted allow decision for every user whenever authorization cannot be reached
  4. Log the policy-service outage but allow sensitive transactions until an administrator investigates

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Availability tradeoffs must not silently create permissive access. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to disconnect policy evaluation and verify unauthorized operations fail.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Keep the policy engine's permissive fallback to preserve availability during outages” is not the relevant mitigation. Availability tradeoffs must not silently create permissive access. The scenario calls for “Specify a fail-secure default with controlled emergency procedures”; the acceptance check is “Disconnect policy evaluation and verify unauthorized operations fail”.

C:

The proposal “Cache an unrestricted allow decision for every user whenever authorization cannot be reached” does not meet the relevant requirement because availability tradeoffs must not silently create permissive access. The matching remediation is “Specify a fail-secure default with controlled emergency procedures”.

D:

“Log the policy-service outage but allow sensitive transactions until an administrator investigates” is not the relevant mitigation. Availability tradeoffs must not silently create permissive access. The scenario calls for “Specify a fail-secure default with controlled emergency procedures”; the acceptance check is “Disconnect policy evaluation and verify unauthorized operations fail”.

Question 186

A critical control fails open when its policy service is unreachable. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Test failover performance without attempting forbidden access during a policy-service disconnect
  2. Disconnect policy evaluation and verify unauthorized operations fail
  3. Inspect an outage alert but never check whether unauthorized requests are denied during failure
  4. Confirm normal authorization works while the policy server is healthy only

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Availability tradeoffs must not silently create permissive access. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Disconnect policy evaluation and verify unauthorized operations fail.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Availability tradeoffs must not silently create permissive access. The proposed check, “Test failover performance without attempting forbidden access during a policy-service disconnect”, misses the relevant outcome; “Disconnect policy evaluation and verify unauthorized operations fail” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

C:

Availability tradeoffs must not silently create permissive access. The proposed check, “Inspect an outage alert but never check whether unauthorized requests are denied during failure”, misses the relevant outcome; “Disconnect policy evaluation and verify unauthorized operations fail” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

“Confirm normal authorization works while the policy server is healthy only” does not show the required outcome: disconnect policy evaluation and verify unauthorized operations fail. That test matters because availability tradeoffs must not silently create permissive access.

Question 187

Two administrators can both request and approve privileged firewall changes. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Record changes in syslog while allowing the requester to approve and apply the same privileged rule
  2. Keep administrator self-approval but require a longer free-text justification in each ticket
  3. Introduce independent approval and tamper-evident change records
  4. Permit the change requester's second personal account to sign off on firewall changes

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Separation of duties reduces self-authorized changes. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to attempt self-approval and verify rejection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The security distinction is that separation of duties reduces self-authorized changes. “Record changes in syslog while allowing the requester to approve and apply the same privileged rule” addresses neither the required “Introduce independent approval and tamper-evident change records” action nor its supporting evidence: “Attempt self-approval and verify rejection”.

B:

Separation of duties reduces self-authorized changes. “Keep administrator self-approval but require a longer free-text justification in each ticket” does not supply that control; “Introduce independent approval and tamper-evident change records” addresses the identified gap, and “Attempt self-approval and verify rejection” verifies the result.

D:

Separation of duties reduces self-authorized changes. “Permit the change requester's second personal account to sign off on firewall changes” does not supply that control; “Introduce independent approval and tamper-evident change records” addresses the identified gap, and “Attempt self-approval and verify rejection” verifies the result.

Question 188

Two administrators can both request and approve privileged firewall changes. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review a completed change ticket without identifying whether requester and approver are independent
  2. Confirm the firewall records rule modifications but not whether self-approval is rejected
  3. Check both approval fields are populated while the same person controls each identity
  4. Attempt self-approval and verify rejection

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Separation of duties reduces self-authorized changes. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Attempt self-approval and verify rejection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Review a completed change ticket without identifying whether requester and approver are independent” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Attempt self-approval and verify rejection”, reflecting the requirement that separation of duties reduces self-authorized changes.

B:

“Confirm the firewall records rule modifications but not whether self-approval is rejected” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Introduce independent approval and tamper-evident change records” works. Separation of duties reduces self-authorized changes. The decisive test is “Attempt self-approval and verify rejection”.

C:

“Check both approval fields are populated while the same person controls each identity” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Attempt self-approval and verify rejection”, reflecting the requirement that separation of duties reduces self-authorized changes.

Question 189

A cloud workload treats traffic from its private network as automatically trusted. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Design identity- and resource-aware authorization without implicit network trust
  2. Apply TLS inside the VPC but grant every internal principal the same resource permissions
  3. Limit inbound public IP addresses without controlling east-west access between internal workloads
  4. Assume private-subnet addresses are trustworthy and skip per-workload identity authorization

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Apply TLS inside the VPC but grant every internal principal the same resource permissions” would not establish the protection described: zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The necessary change is “Design identity- and resource-aware authorization without implicit network trust” with the verification “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied”.

C:

“Limit inbound public IP addresses without controlling east-west access between internal workloads” leaves the essential control missing: zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The direct corrective action is “Design identity- and resource-aware authorization without implicit network trust”, validated by the acceptance check “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied”.

D:

“Assume private-subnet addresses are trustworthy and skip per-workload identity authorization” would not establish the protection described: zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The necessary change is “Design identity- and resource-aware authorization without implicit network trust” with the verification “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied”.

Question 190

A cloud workload treats traffic from its private network as automatically trusted. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review private subnet membership instead of testing resource-level denies within the network
  2. Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied
  3. Verify external traffic is blocked without attempting access by an unauthorized internal identity
  4. Confirm internal sessions are encrypted but not whether the requesting principal is authorized

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Review private subnet membership instead of testing resource-level denies within the network” would not verify the relevant control. Zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied”.

C:

An observation of “Verify external traffic is blocked without attempting access by an unauthorized internal identity” would not verify the relevant control. Zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied”.

D:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Demonstrate unauthorized internal identities are still denied” because zero trust treats network location as insufficient authorization. “Confirm internal sessions are encrypted but not whether the requesting principal is authorized” cannot establish that result.

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