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Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 22

Question 210

A remote sensor requires physical access prevention and tamper evidence. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Verify the sensor still reports readings but not whether forced access generated an alert
  2. Inspect tamper events against physical access attempts
  3. Read installation diagrams without correlating an actual physical intrusion with tamper events
  4. Inspect a camera recording without testing enclosure-open or cable-tamper detection

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Environmental placement changes the feasible control set. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Inspect tamper events against physical access attempts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Environmental placement changes the feasible control set. The proposed check, “Verify the sensor still reports readings but not whether forced access generated an alert”, misses the relevant outcome; “Inspect tamper events against physical access attempts” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

C:

Environmental placement changes the feasible control set. The proposed check, “Read installation diagrams without correlating an actual physical intrusion with tamper events”, misses the relevant outcome; “Inspect tamper events against physical access attempts” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

“Inspect a camera recording without testing enclosure-open or cable-tamper detection” does not show the required outcome: inspect tamper events against physical access attempts. That test matters because environmental placement changes the feasible control set.

Question 211

Encryption keys are stored in application configuration alongside ciphertext. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Rotate data encryption algorithms while leaving decryption key material alongside ciphertext
  2. Encrypt the configuration file yet store its decryption key in the same repository directory
  3. Move key material to a controlled key-management service or hardware-protected store
  4. Move the application secrets to a shared spreadsheet accessible by all deployment maintainers

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Encryption is undermined when attackers obtain the key with the data. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to inspect configuration and key access logs for separation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The security distinction is that encryption is undermined when attackers obtain the key with the data. “Rotate data encryption algorithms while leaving decryption key material alongside ciphertext” addresses neither the required “Move key material to a controlled key-management service or hardware-protected store” action nor its supporting evidence: “Inspect configuration and key access logs for separation”.

B:

Encryption is undermined when attackers obtain the key with the data. “Encrypt the configuration file yet store its decryption key in the same repository directory” does not supply that control; “Move key material to a controlled key-management service or hardware-protected store” addresses the identified gap, and “Inspect configuration and key access logs for separation” verifies the result.

D:

Encryption is undermined when attackers obtain the key with the data. “Move the application secrets to a shared spreadsheet accessible by all deployment maintainers” does not supply that control; “Move key material to a controlled key-management service or hardware-protected store” addresses the identified gap, and “Inspect configuration and key access logs for separation” verifies the result.

Question 212

Encryption keys are stored in application configuration alongside ciphertext. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm that ciphertext is unreadable without checking whether the accompanying key is accessible
  2. Verify a vault exists but not that application configuration no longer contains usable keys
  3. Inspect encryption settings while privileged key access remains unrecorded and unrestricted
  4. Inspect configuration and key access logs for separation

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Encryption is undermined when attackers obtain the key with the data. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Inspect configuration and key access logs for separation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Confirm that ciphertext is unreadable without checking whether the accompanying key is accessible” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Inspect configuration and key access logs for separation”, reflecting the requirement that encryption is undermined when attackers obtain the key with the data.

B:

“Verify a vault exists but not that application configuration no longer contains usable keys” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Move key material to a controlled key-management service or hardware-protected store” works. Encryption is undermined when attackers obtain the key with the data. The decisive test is “Inspect configuration and key access logs for separation”.

C:

“Inspect encryption settings while privileged key access remains unrecorded and unrestricted” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Inspect configuration and key access logs for separation”, reflecting the requirement that encryption is undermined when attackers obtain the key with the data.

Question 213

A desktop memory exploit targets execution through writable buffers. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Enable hardware-supported non-executable memory protections and memory-safe design
  2. Depend on antivirus signature scanning without enabling non-executable-memory controls
  3. Increase stack allocation sizes while retaining the vulnerable writable-and-executable memory layout
  4. Mark executable files as read-only but continue allowing execution of code in writable data pages

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Memory execution permissions reduce exploitability but do not fix every bug. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Depend on antivirus signature scanning without enabling non-executable-memory controls” would not establish the protection described: memory execution permissions reduce exploitability but do not fix every bug. The necessary change is “Enable hardware-supported non-executable memory protections and memory-safe design” with the verification “Verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked”.

C:

“Increase stack allocation sizes while retaining the vulnerable writable-and-executable memory layout” leaves the essential control missing: memory execution permissions reduce exploitability but do not fix every bug. The direct corrective action is “Enable hardware-supported non-executable memory protections and memory-safe design”, validated by the acceptance check “Verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked”.

D:

“Mark executable files as read-only but continue allowing execution of code in writable data pages” would not establish the protection described: memory execution permissions reduce exploitability but do not fix every bug. The necessary change is “Enable hardware-supported non-executable memory protections and memory-safe design” with the verification “Verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked”.

Question 214

A desktop memory exploit targets execution through writable buffers. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Verify the program compiles with debug symbols instead of testing executable-buffer injection
  2. Verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked
  3. Confirm that a legitimate application still executes without probing data-page execution
  4. Check antivirus alerts for known malware but not the memory permission boundary

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Memory execution permissions reduce exploitability but do not fix every bug. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Verify the program compiles with debug symbols instead of testing executable-buffer injection” would not verify the relevant control. Memory execution permissions reduce exploitability but do not fix every bug. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked”.

C:

An observation of “Confirm that a legitimate application still executes without probing data-page execution” would not verify the relevant control. Memory execution permissions reduce exploitability but do not fix every bug. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked”.

D:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Verify executable injection into writable memory is blocked” because memory execution permissions reduce exploitability but do not fix every bug. “Check antivirus alerts for known malware but not the memory permission boundary” cannot establish that result.

Question 215

A laptop's disk encryption unlocks without reliable device identity verification. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Use full-disk encryption with a shared unlock password but no measured-boot integrity assurance
  2. Require a local login pin while permitting arbitrary unsigned changes to the boot environment
  3. Use trusted boot measurements and device-bound cryptographic protection
  4. Protect files with transport TLS but ignore whether a modified boot loader can release the disk key

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

TPM-backed attestation protects platform trust signals beyond simple passwords. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to check measured boot or attestation fails after unauthorized boot changes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposal “Use full-disk encryption with a shared unlock password but no measured-boot integrity assurance” does not meet the relevant requirement because TPM-backed attestation protects platform trust signals beyond simple passwords. The matching remediation is “Use trusted boot measurements and device-bound cryptographic protection”.

B:

“Require a local login pin while permitting arbitrary unsigned changes to the boot environment” is not the relevant mitigation. TPM-backed attestation protects platform trust signals beyond simple passwords. The scenario calls for “Use trusted boot measurements and device-bound cryptographic protection”; the acceptance check is “Check measured boot or attestation fails after unauthorized boot changes”.

D:

“Protect files with transport TLS but ignore whether a modified boot loader can release the disk key” is not the relevant mitigation. TPM-backed attestation protects platform trust signals beyond simple passwords. The scenario calls for “Use trusted boot measurements and device-bound cryptographic protection”; the acceptance check is “Check measured boot or attestation fails after unauthorized boot changes”.

Question 216

A laptop's disk encryption unlocks without reliable device identity verification. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check a successful normal boot while never validating tampered measured-boot state
  2. Review login-policy compliance instead of verifying TPM-backed attestation behavior
  3. Confirm the disk is encrypted without attempting unauthorized boot-component changes
  4. Check measured boot or attestation fails after unauthorized boot changes

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

TPM-backed attestation protects platform trust signals beyond simple passwords. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Check measured boot or attestation fails after unauthorized boot changes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

TPM-backed attestation protects platform trust signals beyond simple passwords. The proposed check, “Check a successful normal boot while never validating tampered measured-boot state”, misses the relevant outcome; “Check measured boot or attestation fails after unauthorized boot changes” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

B:

“Review login-policy compliance instead of verifying TPM-backed attestation behavior” does not show the required outcome: check measured boot or attestation fails after unauthorized boot changes. That test matters because TPM-backed attestation protects platform trust signals beyond simple passwords.

C:

TPM-backed attestation protects platform trust signals beyond simple passwords. The proposed check, “Confirm the disk is encrypted without attempting unauthorized boot-component changes”, misses the relevant outcome; “Check measured boot or attestation fails after unauthorized boot changes” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 217

A hypervisor host mixes trusted and untrusted tenant machines. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Enforce supported hypervisor isolation and timely firmware and host updates
  2. Use host firewall rules only while permitting direct cross-guest memory access through vulnerable devices
  3. Permit untrusted tenants to share privileged host devices without guest-isolation enforcement
  4. Patch each virtual guest but leave the hypervisor and host firmware outside the maintenance baseline

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Guest isolation depends on virtualization boundaries and host integrity. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Guest isolation depends on virtualization boundaries and host integrity. “Use host firewall rules only while permitting direct cross-guest memory access through vulnerable devices” does not supply that control; “Enforce supported hypervisor isolation and timely firmware and host updates” addresses the identified gap, and “Attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing” verifies the result.

C:

The security distinction is that guest isolation depends on virtualization boundaries and host integrity. “Permit untrusted tenants to share privileged host devices without guest-isolation enforcement” addresses neither the required “Enforce supported hypervisor isolation and timely firmware and host updates” action nor its supporting evidence: “Attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing”.

D:

Guest isolation depends on virtualization boundaries and host integrity. “Patch each virtual guest but leave the hypervisor and host firmware outside the maintenance baseline” does not supply that control; “Enforce supported hypervisor isolation and timely firmware and host updates” addresses the identified gap, and “Attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing” verifies the result.

Question 218

A hypervisor host mixes trusted and untrusted tenant machines. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm one guest can access its own files without testing cross-tenant isolation
  2. Attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing
  3. Review guest OS update reports but not host firmware and hypervisor patch status
  4. Inspect virtual network segmentation without attempting prohibited guest-to-guest memory access

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Guest isolation depends on virtualization boundaries and host integrity. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Confirm one guest can access its own files without testing cross-tenant isolation” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing”, reflecting the requirement that guest isolation depends on virtualization boundaries and host integrity.

C:

“Review guest OS update reports but not host firmware and hypervisor patch status” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing”, reflecting the requirement that guest isolation depends on virtualization boundaries and host integrity.

D:

“Inspect virtual network segmentation without attempting prohibited guest-to-guest memory access” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Enforce supported hypervisor isolation and timely firmware and host updates” works. Guest isolation depends on virtualization boundaries and host integrity. The decisive test is “Attempt prohibited guest-to-guest memory access in controlled testing”.

Question 219

A manufacturing controller is business-critical but cannot tolerate intrusive scans. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Apply standard IT reboot and patch windows to safety-critical controllers without process-owner review
  2. Monitor only office network logs while OT segments remain reachable and unmanaged
  3. Segment operational technology and use passive assessment coordinated with process owners
  4. Run unauthorised aggressive network scans against active controllers because the plant is isolated

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

OT safety and availability constraints can prohibit standard active tests. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Apply standard IT reboot and patch windows to safety-critical controllers without process-owner review” leaves the essential control missing: OT safety and availability constraints can prohibit standard active tests. The direct corrective action is “Segment operational technology and use passive assessment coordinated with process owners”, validated by the acceptance check “Review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals”.

B:

“Monitor only office network logs while OT segments remain reachable and unmanaged” would not establish the protection described: OT safety and availability constraints can prohibit standard active tests. The necessary change is “Segment operational technology and use passive assessment coordinated with process owners” with the verification “Review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals”.

D:

“Run unauthorised aggressive network scans against active controllers because the plant is isolated” would not establish the protection described: OT safety and availability constraints can prohibit standard active tests. The necessary change is “Segment operational technology and use passive assessment coordinated with process owners” with the verification “Review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals”.

Question 220

A manufacturing controller is business-critical but cannot tolerate intrusive scans. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Verify segmentation on a diagram without testing allowed traffic between plant and corporate networks
  2. Confirm a scan completes without reviewing whether process stability and safety were affected
  3. Check IT vulnerability scores but ignore passive OT telemetry and approved test boundaries
  4. Review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

OT safety and availability constraints can prohibit standard active tests. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Verify segmentation on a diagram without testing allowed traffic between plant and corporate networks” would not verify the relevant control. OT safety and availability constraints can prohibit standard active tests. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals”.

B:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals” because OT safety and availability constraints can prohibit standard active tests. “Confirm a scan completes without reviewing whether process stability and safety were affected” cannot establish that result.

C:

An observation of “Check IT vulnerability scores but ignore passive OT telemetry and approved test boundaries” would not verify the relevant control. OT safety and availability constraints can prohibit standard active tests. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Review passive telemetry and scheduled safe test approvals”.

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