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Exam Code: CISSP
Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
Certification Provider: ISC
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 56

Question 550

An enterprise cannot identify unsanctioned outbound data transfers. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Trust data owners to report exfiltration voluntarily while no egress telemetry is collected
  2. Monitor egress patterns and correlate with approved data movements
  3. Block one unapproved file-transfer domain without monitoring alternative outbound destinations
  4. Count total Internet bandwidth but ignore classification and authorization of the transferred data

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Ingress-only monitoring misses exfiltration routes. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Ingress-only monitoring misses exfiltration routes. “Trust data owners to report exfiltration voluntarily while no egress telemetry is collected” does not supply that control; “Monitor egress patterns and correlate with approved data movements” addresses the identified gap, and “Execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry” verifies the result.

C:

Ingress-only monitoring misses exfiltration routes. “Block one unapproved file-transfer domain without monitoring alternative outbound destinations” does not supply that control; “Monitor egress patterns and correlate with approved data movements” addresses the identified gap, and “Execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry” verifies the result.

D:

The security distinction is that ingress-only monitoring misses exfiltration routes. “Count total Internet bandwidth but ignore classification and authorization of the transferred data” addresses neither the required “Monitor egress patterns and correlate with approved data movements” action nor its supporting evidence: “Execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry”.

Question 551

An enterprise cannot identify unsanctioned outbound data transfers. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm the network has NetFlow enabled without generating a controlled unusual export
  2. Review a firewall allow log while destination and transfer approval remain uncorrelated
  3. Execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry
  4. Check one approved backup transfer but not whether a prohibited bulk upload is detected

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Ingress-only monitoring misses exfiltration routes. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Confirm the network has NetFlow enabled without generating a controlled unusual export” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Monitor egress patterns and correlate with approved data movements” works. Ingress-only monitoring misses exfiltration routes. The decisive test is “Execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry”.

B:

“Review a firewall allow log while destination and transfer approval remain uncorrelated” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry”, reflecting the requirement that ingress-only monitoring misses exfiltration routes.

D:

“Check one approved backup transfer but not whether a prohibited bulk upload is detected” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Execute a controlled high-volume export and inspect telemetry”, reflecting the requirement that ingress-only monitoring misses exfiltration routes.

Question 552

Two identical servers drift because engineers change settings manually. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Compare installed software versions once a year while configuration permissions keep changing
  2. Log administrators' change tickets without reconciling running settings to an authorized signed baseline
  3. Keep each server's manual settings as the baseline and ignore configuration drift between peers
  4. Enforce version-controlled configuration baselines and automated reconciliation

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Configuration control reduces unauthorized or accidental divergence. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to compare deployed settings to the signed baseline.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Compare installed software versions once a year while configuration permissions keep changing” would not establish the protection described: configuration control reduces unauthorized or accidental divergence. The necessary change is “Enforce version-controlled configuration baselines and automated reconciliation” with the verification “Compare deployed settings to the signed baseline”.

B:

“Log administrators' change tickets without reconciling running settings to an authorized signed baseline” leaves the essential control missing: configuration control reduces unauthorized or accidental divergence. The direct corrective action is “Enforce version-controlled configuration baselines and automated reconciliation”, validated by the acceptance check “Compare deployed settings to the signed baseline”.

C:

“Keep each server's manual settings as the baseline and ignore configuration drift between peers” would not establish the protection described: configuration control reduces unauthorized or accidental divergence. The necessary change is “Enforce version-controlled configuration baselines and automated reconciliation” with the verification “Compare deployed settings to the signed baseline”.

Question 553

Two identical servers drift because engineers change settings manually. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Compare deployed settings to the signed baseline
  2. Check change ticket counts without running a configuration drift comparison
  3. Confirm both servers boot but never compare the current settings against the approved baseline
  4. Review the repository commit history while deployed machines differ silently

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Configuration control reduces unauthorized or accidental divergence. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Compare deployed settings to the signed baseline.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An observation of “Check change ticket counts without running a configuration drift comparison” would not verify the relevant control. Configuration control reduces unauthorized or accidental divergence. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Compare deployed settings to the signed baseline”.

C:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Compare deployed settings to the signed baseline” because configuration control reduces unauthorized or accidental divergence. “Confirm both servers boot but never compare the current settings against the approved baseline” cannot establish that result.

D:

An observation of “Review the repository commit history while deployed machines differ silently” would not verify the relevant control. Configuration control reduces unauthorized or accidental divergence. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Compare deployed settings to the signed baseline”.

Question 554

An automated provisioner creates accounts with default passwords. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Provision new accounts with the same default password and request users to change it later
  2. Apply secure provisioning templates and secret initialization controls
  3. Hide default credentials in deployment logs while leaving them active on first use
  4. Use a standard account template but skip unique secret initialization for unattended systems

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Automation scales both good and unsafe configuration choices. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to test freshly provisioned systems for forbidden defaults.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Provision new accounts with the same default password and request users to change it later” is not the relevant mitigation. Automation scales both good and unsafe configuration choices. The scenario calls for “Apply secure provisioning templates and secret initialization controls”; the acceptance check is “Test freshly provisioned systems for forbidden defaults”.

C:

“Hide default credentials in deployment logs while leaving them active on first use” is not the relevant mitigation. Automation scales both good and unsafe configuration choices. The scenario calls for “Apply secure provisioning templates and secret initialization controls”; the acceptance check is “Test freshly provisioned systems for forbidden defaults”.

D:

The proposal “Use a standard account template but skip unique secret initialization for unattended systems” does not meet the relevant requirement because automation scales both good and unsafe configuration choices. The matching remediation is “Apply secure provisioning templates and secret initialization controls”.

Question 555

An automated provisioner creates accounts with default passwords. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check provisioning speed while insecure default values remain active
  2. Review template version numbers but not the actual initialized secret state on fresh systems
  3. Test freshly provisioned systems for forbidden defaults
  4. Confirm new accounts exist without attempting login using published default credentials

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Automation scales both good and unsafe configuration choices. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Test freshly provisioned systems for forbidden defaults.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Check provisioning speed while insecure default values remain active” does not show the required outcome: test freshly provisioned systems for forbidden defaults. That test matters because automation scales both good and unsafe configuration choices.

B:

Automation scales both good and unsafe configuration choices. The proposed check, “Review template version numbers but not the actual initialized secret state on fresh systems”, misses the relevant outcome; “Test freshly provisioned systems for forbidden defaults” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

Automation scales both good and unsafe configuration choices. The proposed check, “Confirm new accounts exist without attempting login using published default credentials”, misses the relevant outcome; “Test freshly provisioned systems for forbidden defaults” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 556

A critical software update changes network permissions without a change record. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Record package versions but omit the access-control delta introduced by the critical update
  2. Apply network permission changes automatically during updates without matching an authorized change request
  3. Notify change managers only after privileged rules have already been deployed
  4. Track configuration changes through approved change requests

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Technical correctness does not replace change accountability. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to compare effective permission diff with signed approval.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Technical correctness does not replace change accountability. “Record package versions but omit the access-control delta introduced by the critical update” does not supply that control; “Track configuration changes through approved change requests” addresses the identified gap, and “Compare effective permission diff with signed approval” verifies the result.

B:

The security distinction is that technical correctness does not replace change accountability. “Apply network permission changes automatically during updates without matching an authorized change request” addresses neither the required “Track configuration changes through approved change requests” action nor its supporting evidence: “Compare effective permission diff with signed approval”.

C:

Technical correctness does not replace change accountability. “Notify change managers only after privileged rules have already been deployed” does not supply that control; “Track configuration changes through approved change requests” addresses the identified gap, and “Compare effective permission diff with signed approval” verifies the result.

Question 557

A critical software update changes network permissions without a change record. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Compare effective permission diff with signed approval
  2. Confirm the updated software runs without reviewing the network-permission diff
  3. Inspect an unrelated maintenance ticket rather than the signed approval for modified ACLs
  4. Review software release notes while actual production access changes remain untracked

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Technical correctness does not replace change accountability. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Compare effective permission diff with signed approval.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Confirm the updated software runs without reviewing the network-permission diff” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Compare effective permission diff with signed approval”, reflecting the requirement that technical correctness does not replace change accountability.

C:

“Inspect an unrelated maintenance ticket rather than the signed approval for modified ACLs” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Track configuration changes through approved change requests” works. Technical correctness does not replace change accountability. The decisive test is “Compare effective permission diff with signed approval”.

D:

“Review software release notes while actual production access changes remain untracked” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Compare effective permission diff with signed approval”, reflecting the requirement that technical correctness does not replace change accountability.

Question 558

One user can approve and execute emergency privileged actions. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Keep emergency superuser rights permanently active so approvals are never delayed
  2. Require independent authorization with time-limited controlled elevation
  3. Replace independent emergency authorization with an unverified self-certification statement
  4. Permit the emergency operator to approve their own privileged elevation using a second browser session

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Separation of duties applies even to urgent operations. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Keep emergency superuser rights permanently active so approvals are never delayed” would not establish the protection described: separation of duties applies even to urgent operations. The necessary change is “Require independent authorization with time-limited controlled elevation” with the verification “Inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise”.

C:

“Replace independent emergency authorization with an unverified self-certification statement” would not establish the protection described: separation of duties applies even to urgent operations. The necessary change is “Require independent authorization with time-limited controlled elevation” with the verification “Inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise”.

D:

“Permit the emergency operator to approve their own privileged elevation using a second browser session” leaves the essential control missing: separation of duties applies even to urgent operations. The direct corrective action is “Require independent authorization with time-limited controlled elevation”, validated by the acceptance check “Inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise”.

Question 559

One user can approve and execute emergency privileged actions. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review a manager's retrospective note while the same operator can still grant privileges alone
  2. Confirm an urgent action succeeded without challenging the self-approval path
  3. Inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise
  4. Check emergency access logs but not whether separate authorization was enforced

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Separation of duties applies even to urgent operations. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise” because separation of duties applies even to urgent operations. “Review a manager's retrospective note while the same operator can still grant privileges alone” cannot establish that result.

B:

An observation of “Confirm an urgent action succeeded without challenging the self-approval path” would not verify the relevant control. Separation of duties applies even to urgent operations. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise”.

D:

An observation of “Check emergency access logs but not whether separate authorization was enforced” would not verify the relevant control. Separation of duties applies even to urgent operations. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Inspect whether self-approval was prevented during an emergency exercise”.

Question 560

An outsourcing agreement sets a recovery time without measurable service definitions. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Accept the provider's four-hour recovery promise without defining service start and end events
  2. Measure only the number of helpdesk calls while the outsourced service remains unavailable
  3. Use an unquantified best-effort clause as evidence of the contracted recovery threshold
  4. Define specific SLA indicators and evidence collection

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Service-level terms must be objectively testable. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to compare measured outage against the contract threshold.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Accept the provider's four-hour recovery promise without defining service start and end events” is not the relevant mitigation. Service-level terms must be objectively testable. The scenario calls for “Define specific SLA indicators and evidence collection”; the acceptance check is “Compare measured outage against the contract threshold”.

B:

The proposal “Measure only the number of helpdesk calls while the outsourced service remains unavailable” does not meet the relevant requirement because service-level terms must be objectively testable. The matching remediation is “Define specific SLA indicators and evidence collection”.

C:

“Use an unquantified best-effort clause as evidence of the contracted recovery threshold” is not the relevant mitigation. Service-level terms must be objectively testable. The scenario calls for “Define specific SLA indicators and evidence collection”; the acceptance check is “Compare measured outage against the contract threshold”.

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