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Exam Name: Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
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Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) 200-301 Practice Test 34

Question 330

R1 has a /24 route for 192.0.2.0/24 and a more-specific `192.0.2.88/32` static route via a failed next hop. Only host 192.0.2.88 is unreachable; neighboring hosts work. What determines that host’s forwarding decision?

  1. The /24 wins because it has a lower routing-protocol administrative distance.
  2. The default route always overrides any host-specific static entry.
  3. The installed /32 matches the destination more specifically than the /24 and overrides the broader path for that host.
  4. A connected route for unrelated 198.51.100.0/24 decides the destination match.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Longest-prefix matching selects the installed /32 for traffic to 192.0.2.88, so its unusable next hop isolates that host while neighbors follow the /24. Repair or remove that specific host route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Administrative distance matters when deciding which routes of an identical prefix should install, not when selecting between the installed /32 and broader /24 for one destination.

B:

A default route is the least-specific fallback and does not outrank a matching installed /32 host route.

D:

The unrelated prefix does not match 192.0.2.88 and therefore cannot explain forwarding for that host.

Question 331

A router has two installed routes: 192.0.2.0/24 via Gi0/0 and 192.0.2.0/25 via Gi0/1. Which interface is selected for packet destination 192.0.2.180, assuming no other matching route?

  1. Gi0/1, because /25 is always preferred even when the destination is outside that /25.
  2. Both interfaces, because 192.0.2.180 matches either prefix equally.
  3. Gi0/0, because 192.0.2.180 falls in the upper /25 and does not match 192.0.2.0/25.
  4. Neither interface, because the lower /25 blocks the upper half of the /24 network.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The destination 192.0.2.180 falls in the range 192.0.2.128–192.0.2.255, which is the upper half of 192.0.2.0/24. The more-specific 192.0.2.0/25 route covers only .0–.127 and cannot match .180. Consequently the router uses the installed /24 route through Gi0/0. Longest-prefix match operates after testing network membership: a longer mask wins only among matching routes. An unrelated route's administrative distance or metric cannot make the nonmatching /25 route eligible. Validate the destination and subnet boundaries before changing route preferences, and inspect the actual forwarding table if observed traffic disagrees.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The 192.0.2.0/25 prefix covers final-octet values 0–127. Destination .180 does not match it. Longest-prefix matching compares only the installed routes that actually contain the destination. A route with a longer mask does not win for addresses outside its prefix. Gi0/1 is therefore ineligible for this packet despite having a /25 mask.

B:

The /24 route includes addresses .0 through .255, but the /25 route includes only .0 through .127. Destination .180 is in the /24 and outside the /25. The routes do not both match the destination, so ECMP and any other tie-breaker are irrelevant. Treating all subnet masks as interchangeable broad coverage would misroute traffic.

D:

A router does not discard the upper half of an installed /24 merely because it has a more-specific route for the lower half. The broader /24 remains a valid match for destinations not covered by the /25. Traffic would be dropped only if no usable route matched or an explicit discard action applied, neither of which is stated. The listed /24 through Gi0/0 covers the address.

Question 332

R2 initially has an OSPF route to 10.60.0.0/16 (AD 110) and a static route to the same prefix with default AD 1. An engineer changes the static route's distance to 200 so it serves only as backup. OSPF remains healthy. Which route should become the installed primary for that prefix?

  1. The higher-distance static route, because a static route always outranks a dynamic route.
  2. The OSPF route, because its administrative distance 110 is now below the floating static route's 200.
  3. Both routes simultaneously with equal path cost despite their different route sources and ADs.
  4. The route last modified by the engineer, because configuration recency overrides distance.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A floating static route deliberately uses a greater administrative distance than the preferred route source so it stays out of the active routing table while that source has a valid path. After raising the static distance to 200, OSPF's 110 is better for the identical 10.60.0.0/16 prefix, so OSPF becomes the installed primary. If the OSPF route disappears and the static next hop is still resolvable, the static candidate can take over. Verify both states by examining route code and AD before and after a controlled failover; do not assume that adding distance alone guarantees backup connectivity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A static route with default AD 1 usually wins against OSPF for the same prefix, but the engineer explicitly raised that distance to 200. The route's manually configured trust rank, not the word static by itself, controls this comparison. A lower-distance OSPF route should be primary while valid.

C:

Equal-cost multipath does not arise by combining route candidates from unrelated sources with administrative distances 110 and 200. One candidate is selected for the identical prefix under normal route-source preference. The higher-AD static is intended as standby, not an active load-sharing partner alongside OSPF.

D:

Configuration recency does not override administrative distance as the normal route selection criterion. A newly edited static route with AD 200 is deliberately less preferred than a healthy OSPF route with AD 110. Validate the installed routing table rather than judging by which line was entered most recently.

Question 333

Troubleshooting report: An engineer reads a lower OSPF route metric and expects it to defeat an internal EIGRP path despite the protocol AD difference. Which finding best accounts for the behavior?

  1. Use numeric OSPF cost 10 to defeat EIGRP AD 90 solely because 10 is less than 90.
  2. Always choose OSPF for any destination regardless of prefix and administrative distance.
  3. The lower OSPF metric cannot be compared to an EIGRP route’s metric as a universal number; compare AD for the identical prefix first (internal EIGRP 90 versus OSPF 110 by default).
  4. Assume the presence of internal EIGRP implies all other matching OSPF prefixes are deleted from memory permanently.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

An eligible internal EIGRP route has a default AD of 90, normally preferred to OSPF AD 110 for the same prefix. Protocol-specific metrics use different calculations and are not directly cross-compared.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That compares a protocol metric with an administrative distance, two different fields.

B:

Neither OSPF brand nor protocol code overrides route lookup and AD rules.

D:

Alternative dynamic routes can be known in routing protocols while only one winning route is installed in the RIB.

Question 334

show ip route contains two next hops for one OSPF prefix; a technician incorrectly calls this duplicate-entry corruption. The team should investigate which specific technical cause?

  1. Two next hops for the same OSPF prefix may be valid equal-cost multipath routes, not corrupt duplicate entries.
  2. One of the displayed OSPF next hops must be a malicious L /32 host route because it shares a prefix.
  3. Routing tables can never contain more than one next hop for the same destination prefix.
  4. The duplicate next hops prove the router is physically looping a packet on every interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

OSPF can install multiple eligible equal-cost routes to a destination network. Inspect path costs and next-hop reachability before calling the routing table inconsistent.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An OSPF route with multiple next-hop lines does not by itself imply an L local host route.

C:

Many Cisco platforms support ECMP, subject to configured maximum paths.

D:

Multiple installed alternatives can represent loop-free paths; inspect actual forwarding before alleging a loop.

Question 335

A branch routing engineer must explain an outage. After an uplink disappears, its next hop becomes unreachable; show ip route withdraws that specific static while other paths remain. Which diagnosis follows from these observations?

  1. A removed static next hop remains a valid forwarding choice merely because the configuration statement still exists.
  2. Any uplink failure automatically turns all unrelated connected routes into Null0 summary routes.
  3. The route was removed because its destination prefix length changed from /24 to /32 without a configuration change.
  4. The specific static route became ineligible when its next hop could no longer resolve through an active egress path, so the RIB removed it.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A configured static must resolve a usable forwarding adjacency. Losing the uplink can remove the connected path to the next hop; the router may then use another eligible route or report no match.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Configured intent without a resolving next-hop route cannot carry the packets.

B:

Route withdrawal is scoped to dependencies and does not inherently create discard summaries.

C:

The described event is next-hop reachability loss, not an observed mask rewrite.

Question 336

A branch routing engineer collects this evidence: The last-resort interface points into a dead ISP link, so unknown Internet destinations blackhole while internal prefixes still work. Which root-cause interpretation best fits the observations?

  1. All internal VLAN routes must also be unusable whenever an external default gateway fails.
  2. The default is always a guaranteed reachable path as long as 0.0.0.0/0 appears in running configuration.
  3. A router needs no IPv4 default route or more-specific public routes to forward to arbitrary Internet prefixes.
  4. The only usable default points into a failed ISP data path, causing unmatched external destinations to blackhole although specific internal routes still work.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A selected default next hop must have real forwarding reachability, not merely remain listed. A dead upstream can strand Internet traffic while local and internal prefixes continue normally.

Incorrect Answers

A:

More-specific local routes can remain valid independently of the WAN default.

B:

Configuration or RIB presence does not guarantee end-to-end forwarding across a failed ISP.

C:

Unmatched destinations have no eligible route without a covering entry.

Question 337

Troubleshooting report: An administrator routes 2001:db8:1234:5::20 via the /48 despite an installed reachable /64 for 2001:db8:1234:5::/64. Which finding best accounts for the behavior?

  1. The /48 always wins because it covers more IPv6 addresses.
  2. Choose by whichever route source is alphabetically first, before checking prefix matches.
  3. The installed reachable 2001:db8:1234:5::/64 route should win over 2001:db8:1234::/48 for destination 2001:db8:1234:5::20.
  4. Use ::/0 even when a reachable /64 matches the host.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The /64 matches more of the IPv6 destination bits. IPv6 path lookup is not governed by the lexical protocol name when two different prefix lengths match.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Coverage breadth is the opposite of longest-prefix specificity.

B:

Protocol label does not replace matching destination bits.

D:

The default route is less specific than both /48 and /64.

Question 338

An OSPF route displays `[110/70]` in `show ip route`. A trainee claims that 70 is the administrative distance and 110 is the OSPF path cost. Which correction accurately interprets the display?

  1. The bracketed pair is the destination prefix length followed by the OSPF area number.
  2. 70 is the administrative distance because the lower number must always be the protocol preference.
  3. 110 is OSPF administrative distance; 70 is the OSPF route metric shown after the slash.
  4. 110 is the number of learned neighbors and 70 is the route aging timer.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cisco routing entries display `[administrative distance/metric]`. For an internal OSPF path the common AD is 110, and the following value is the cost or route metric.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Network prefix length appears with the route prefix, not as the first component of the `[AD/metric]` pair. OSPF area identity is not encoded there.

B:

The order of fields is fixed by the routing table format; they do not swap based on which number happens to be lower.

D:

Neighbor count and elapsed route age appear elsewhere, not as the two route selection values in brackets.

Question 339

A branch routing engineer must explain an outage. Traffic to an unallocated subnet inside the summary is sent to Null0, but live more-specific child prefixes still forward normally. Which diagnosis follows from these observations?

  1. Null0 summary must drop all child traffic, even with an installed longer child prefix.
  2. Null0 sends unmatched traffic to a remote next-hop that will choose any route automatically.
  3. Any address inside a summarized prefix is guaranteed to exist as a reachable host.
  4. The deliberate Null0 summary route discards traffic for unallocated holes within the aggregate, while more-specific existing child routes override the discard.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A summary to Null0 can prevent routing loops for destinations not actually present. It is safe only when all valid children have more-specific routes and proper forwarding paths.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Longest-prefix match forwards via the more-specific child route first.

B:

Null0 is a discard destination and does not resolve arbitrary remote forwarding.

C:

An aggregate may include unused holes; Null0 intentionally handles those unmatched addresses.

Question 340

R1 learns 10.30.0.0/16 through OSPF (AD 110). A backup static for that SAME /16 uses AD 200 and is configured correctly; only the OSPF entry appears in the active table. Why is the backup not forwarding traffic now?

  1. The static route should win because 200 is numerically greater than 110.
  2. The backup is broken because every configured static route must appear as an active forwarding entry.
  3. The OSPF route has lower administrative distance and correctly remains active until it is withdrawn or becomes unusable.
  4. The default route takes priority over both entries regardless of their masks.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

For identical destination prefixes, route installation normally prefers the source with the lower administrative distance. A floating static with AD 200 deliberately waits behind the OSPF path of AD 110.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Administrative distance is a lower-is-better preference, not a priority score where a higher number wins.

B:

A configured floating static is expected to be absent from the active RIB while a preferred, usable route to the same prefix exists.

D:

An installed specific /16 path is more specific than a default and remains the applicable forwarding route for destinations inside its range.

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