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Exam Code: 200-301
Exam Name: Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
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Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) 200-301 Practice Test 33

Question 320

A router learns identical 192.0.2.0/24 prefixes from EIGRP internal (administrative distance 90) and OSPF (110). Both protocols have active neighbors and valid routes. What does default IOS route-source preference imply?

  1. The OSPF route always wins because OSPF uses link-state advertisements.
  2. The router adds the two unrelated protocol metrics and installs the smaller numeric sum.
  3. The internal EIGRP candidate is normally preferred for installation because 90 is lower than OSPF's 110 for the same prefix.
  4. The router selects the route with the lexicographically smallest next-hop IP address.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Administrative distance is the local trust ranking used to select between candidate routes from different routing sources for the identical prefix. IOS commonly assigns internal EIGRP a distance of 90 and OSPF 110, so internal EIGRP normally supplies the installed 192.0.2.0/24 route while both are usable. Compare route code and bracketed [AD/metric] values in the routing table. Do not compare EIGRP's composite metric directly against OSPF's cost, because they use different mathematical meanings. This scenario concerns default route-source preference; configured AD overrides or external EIGRP route types could change the result.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Being a link-state protocol does not automatically make OSPF superior to all other dynamic sources. For identical prefixes, the router compares administrative distance before comparing any source-specific metric. With the supplied default values OSPF's distance of 110 is less preferred than internal EIGRP's 90.

B:

The numeric metrics of EIGRP and OSPF represent different cost models and cannot be meaningfully added or directly compared to choose a protocol. Administrative distance arbitrates between the route sources first. Within one selected protocol, metric differences can influence path preference among that protocol's eligible routes.

D:

The numeric or lexical order of next-hop IP addresses is not the mechanism that chooses a route source between internal EIGRP and OSPF. A next hop must resolve, but its textual value has no inherent priority. Default administrative distance establishes which learned route candidate is selected.

Question 321

A router learns multiple eligible paths with identical prefix, route source and metric and can install ECMP forwarding. The team needs a solution consistent with this requirement. Which option is the most appropriate design or configuration decision?

  1. Treat every second next hop under an OSPF prefix as an accidental duplicate and remove it.
  2. Combine routes to completely different /24 destinations into one ECMP entry without considering prefixes.
  3. Forward every individual packet strictly round-robin across equal-cost links regardless of FIB hashing.
  4. Install equal-cost multipath next hops for the same destination prefix when the routing protocol and platform allow ECMP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Equal-prefix equal-cost eligible routes may share a RIB/FIB entry and distribute flows using an implementation-specific hash. Multiple next-hop lines can be valid, not route corruption.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Multiple equal-cost next hops can be intended ECMP paths.

B:

ECMP applies to alternative paths to the same routed destination prefix.

C:

Many routers distribute based on flow or packet hash; packet-by-packet balancing is not universal.

Question 322

A branch routing engineer is evaluating a deployment. A configured static destination cannot install as a usable route when its required next hop cannot be recursively resolved. What approach correctly addresses the stated requirement?

  1. Always forward through the configured static next hop even when there is no route resolving it to any egress interface.
  2. Allow another eligible installed destination route to be selected when the static candidate’s next-hop recursion fails and the static drops from the RIB.
  3. Automatically install an L /32 route to the remote next hop to force the static to win.
  4. Treat the missing static as proof that longest-prefix matching has been disabled globally.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A configured static route is not necessarily usable. When its required next hop cannot be resolved, the route may be withdrawn, permitting another eligible route such as a dynamic backup for the exact prefix.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An unresolved next hop cannot provide a usable forwarding adjacency.

C:

Local L routes represent the router’s own interface IPs, not arbitrary unreachable next hops.

D:

The issue is static route eligibility/recursion rather than the destination lookup algorithm.

Question 323

A proposed network design has this requirement: When no specific route matches an IPv4 destination, the router may forward through a valid installed 0.0.0.0/0. Which choice is technically appropriate for that deployment?

  1. Use 0/0 ahead of a matching /24 because the gateway of last resort has a lower administrative distance.
  2. Forward unmatched traffic through a configured but unresolved 0/0 because the route text exists.
  3. Select an L host route to the router interface for every unknown remote destination.
  4. Forward via an installed reachable 0.0.0.0/0 only if no more-specific eligible route matches the IPv4 destination.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Default is the least specific route and catches destinations not otherwise covered by installed specific prefixes. A default next hop must still be resolvable and permitted by other forwarding policy.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Longest-prefix match chooses /24 first if it matches.

B:

A default route not installed or without valid forwarding resolution cannot carry packets.

C:

Local /32 entries match only specific router-owned IPs, not all unknown destinations.

Question 324

A branch routing engineer must implement a change. An IPv6 router chooses a matching /64 over a matching /48 for a destination inside the /64. Which technical decision most directly meets these requirements?

  1. Choose the /48 every time because it was learned from a protocol with a lower AD than the /64 source.
  2. Treat IPv6 as source-IP routing and choose according to the sender’s global address.
  3. Choose the installed 2001:db8:1234:5::/64 route for addresses inside that prefix instead of the broader 2001:db8:1234::/48.
  4. Choose ::/0 whenever both /48 and /64 routes exist, because IPv6 defaults are more specific.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

IPv6 longest-prefix matching uses the same most-specific matching prefix rule as IPv4. The /64 matches more leading destination bits for a host in its subnet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

When both prefixes match, the longer /64 is preferred before comparing preferences of different prefix entries.

B:

Ordinary IPv6 forwarding is based on the destination address unless policy routing is explicitly configured.

D:

::/0 has no matched bits and is least specific.

Question 325

Two OSPF paths to the same network with identical AD are ranked by OSPF cost, not by elapsed route age or gateway IP. The team needs a solution consistent with this requirement. Which option is the most appropriate design or configuration decision?

  1. Install the reachable OSPF path with cost 20 ahead of another OSPF path with cost 70 to the identical prefix, all else equal.
  2. Prefer OSPF cost 70 because larger cost means better bandwidth.
  3. Choose the newer route solely because its elapsed age is 00:00:01 instead of 00:01:00.
  4. Prefer the next hop with numerically lowest IPv4 address regardless of computed OSPF cost.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

When competing paths share the same origin/protocol AD and destination, OSPF cumulative cost determines preference. Route age and the numerical next-hop IP do not serve as primary cost inputs.

Incorrect Answers

B:

OSPF normally chooses the lower path cost.

C:

Age does not supersede protocol metric in ordinary OSPF route selection.

D:

Gateway IP number is not the OSPF shortest-path metric.

Question 326

R1 installs `10.100.0.0/16 is directly connected, Null0` and also has a valid more-specific `10.100.25.0/24` routed over Gi0/1. A packet arrives for 10.100.77.5 and there is no child route for 10.100.77.0/24. How does longest-prefix forwarding treat this packet?

  1. It matches the installed /16 Null0 summary and is discarded.
  2. It follows the 10.100.25.0/24 route because that is the only non-Null0 child route.
  3. It must use a default 0.0.0.0/0 even though 10.100.0.0/16 matches.
  4. The router ARPs for 10.100.77.5 on Gi0/1 without a directly connected subnet.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

10.100.77.5 matches 10.100.0.0/16, and no more-specific route for that destination is installed. The summary therefore resolves to Null0 and intentionally discards the packet, preventing uncontrolled fallback or routing loops.

Incorrect Answers

B:

10.100.25.0/24 covers addresses only from 10.100.25.0 to 10.100.25.255. It cannot forward a packet destined for 10.100.77.5; a route must match the actual destination before its next hop may be selected.

C:

The installed /16 is a longer matching prefix than /0 and wins over default for 10.100.77.5, regardless of the next hop being Null0. A default route is consulted only if no more-specific usable match applies.

D:

ARP resolves Layer 2 neighbors on a selected connected Ethernet segment; it does not replace the destination-prefix lookup. Here the route chosen is Null0, not Gi0/1, so there is no ARP step for that destination.

Question 327

A proposed network design has this requirement: A backup static route with AD 200 should remain dormant while a primary OSPF AD 110 path to the same prefix is active. Which choice is technically appropriate for that deployment?

  1. Assign the static its default AD 1, expecting OSPF AD 110 to keep winning.
  2. Give the static a narrower /32 destination than the OSPF /24 and expect AD 200 to make it dormant for that host.
  3. Keep the backup static route’s administrative distance at 200 for the exact prefix while the eligible OSPF route has AD 110; allow the static to install after OSPF withdrawal.
  4. Assume a configured high-AD route can provide backup without any usable outgoing next hop.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A floating static uses higher AD so it does not displace the preferred dynamic route. Its next hop must remain resolvable when failover occurs.

Incorrect Answers

A:

AD 1 is preferred over 110 for identical prefixes and would steal traffic during normal operation.

B:

A matching /32 wins longest-prefix lookup even with higher AD than an unrelated /24 entry.

D:

Administrative distance cannot make an unresolved static route forward packets.

Question 328

A branch routing engineer must implement a change. A route table has a broad valid /24 and an accidental static /32 to Null0 for an important host; longest prefix still wins. Which technical decision most directly meets these requirements?

  1. The lower-AD /24 always defeats a higher-AD /32 to Null0 because default AD is compared first.
  2. The accidental static /32 to Null0 wins destination longest-prefix match for that host and discards packets even while the correct /24 path remains healthy.
  3. Null0 means the router forwards the /32 host via any available OSPF gateway.
  4. The /32 matches every IPv4 host in the containing /24 and therefore blocks the whole network.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A Null0 route is an explicit discard destination. The /32 has a longer prefix than /24, so the broad path is never used for the targeted host until that /32 is removed or changed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

AD does not override a more-specific installed destination prefix.

C:

Null0 is a discard interface, not a backup next-hop discovery mechanism.

D:

The /32 covers exactly one address; other /24 hosts still match the broader route.

Question 329

A routing table contains both `O 10.30.0.0/16 [110/10]` and `S 10.30.40.0/24 [1/0]`. A technician predicts packets to 10.30.40.99 use the /16 because its route age is newer. Which forwarding rule actually applies?

  1. The /16 wins because OSPF paths always outrank static routes.
  2. The /16 wins because route age overrides prefix length.
  3. The packet matches the installed /24 as the longest prefix; route age is not the forwarding selector.
  4. The default route wins despite an installed /24 that matches the destination.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

IP forwarding uses the most specific matching installed destination prefix. The /24 covers 10.30.40.99 and is longer than /16; neither route age nor an unrelated destination source changes the selection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

OSPF does not unconditionally beat static routes; this example also has a more-specific /24 match, which is sufficient to decide forwarding.

B:

Elapsed route age is metadata, not a preference that supersedes longest-prefix selection.

D:

An installed matching /24 makes the least-specific default route irrelevant for this destination.

Question 330

R1 has a /24 route for 192.0.2.0/24 and a more-specific `192.0.2.88/32` static route via a failed next hop. Only host 192.0.2.88 is unreachable; neighboring hosts work. What determines that host’s forwarding decision?

  1. The /24 wins because it has a lower routing-protocol administrative distance.
  2. The default route always overrides any host-specific static entry.
  3. The installed /32 matches the destination more specifically than the /24 and overrides the broader path for that host.
  4. A connected route for unrelated 198.51.100.0/24 decides the destination match.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Longest-prefix matching selects the installed /32 for traffic to 192.0.2.88, so its unusable next hop isolates that host while neighbors follow the /24. Repair or remove that specific host route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Administrative distance matters when deciding which routes of an identical prefix should install, not when selecting between the installed /32 and broader /24 for one destination.

B:

A default route is the least-specific fallback and does not outrank a matching installed /32 host route.

D:

The unrelated prefix does not match 192.0.2.88 and therefore cannot explain forwarding for that host.

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