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Question 181:
What is the primary focus of system testing?
a) To evaluate the performance of the system under high load conditions
b) To verify that individual components work correctly in isolation
c) To validate that the system meets its functional and non-functional requirements as a whole
d) To identify vulnerabilities and security risks in the system
Answer:
c) To validate that the system meets its functional and non-functional requirements as a whole
Explanation:
System testing is a type of testing that focuses on verifying the behavior of the system as a whole. It involves testing the integrated software system to ensure that it meets both functional and non-functional requirements. System testing is usually conducted after integration testing and before acceptance testing, serving as a final validation step to confirm that the software works as expected in a real-world environment. Functional testing: Verifying that the software performs all the functions outlined in the requirements specification. This includes checking that features work as intended and that the system meets the business objectives. Non-functional testing: Evaluating the system’s performance, usability, security, and other non-functional requirements. This may include load testing, security testing, and usability testing to ensure the system meets these quality attributes. End-to-end testing: Ensuring that all components of the system work together as expected. This includes testing the interaction between subsystems, components, and external interfaces. Real-world conditions: Testing the system in a simulated production environment, using real-world data and scenarios, to ensure that it can perform in the actual operational environment. System testing provides an overall evaluation of the system, ensuring that it functions correctly and meets the specified requirements, both functional and non-functional. This phase of testing is critical for validating the software’s readiness for deployment.
Option a is incorrect because performance testing is a separate activity that focuses on evaluating the system’s performance under load. Option b is incorrect because verifying individual components is part of unit testing, not system testing. Option d is incorrect because security testing is focused on identifying vulnerabilities, not the overall system behavior.
In summary, system testing ensures that the entire system works as expected, validating both functional and non-functional requirements before the software is deployed.
Question 182:
What is the main goal of user acceptance testing (UAT)?
a) To identify security vulnerabilities in the system
b) To verify that the software meets business requirements and user expectations
c) To assess the system’s performance under load
d) To test the software’s functionality under extreme conditions
Answer:
b) To verify that the software meets business requirements and user expectations
Explanation:
User acceptance testing (UAT) is the final phase of testing that ensures the software meets the business needs and user expectations. The primary goal of UAT is to validate that the software delivers the functionality and features that users require and that it can be effectively used in the real-world business environment. Business requirements verification: UAT ensures that the software meets the functional and non-functional requirements outlined in the business specification. This includes verifying that the system performs the tasks it was designed to do and supports the business processes. User perspective: UAT is typically conducted by end-users who will actually use the system in a production environment. This ensures that the software works as expected from a user’s perspective. Real-world scenarios: UAT is often performed using real-world data and scenarios to ensure that the system meets practical requirements and can function effectively in its intended environment. Feedback and sign-off: The results of UAT are used to gather user feedback, identify any last-minute defects or issues, and determine if the software is ready for deployment. Successful UAT often leads to final approval for deployment. UAT is critical because it helps ensure that the software delivers business value and is ready for use in the operational environment. It acts as the final check before the system is released to end-users.
Option a is incorrect because security testing is a separate activity that focuses on identifying vulnerabilities, not on business requirements. Option C is incorrect because performance testing assesses the system’s behavior under load, not UAT. Option d is incorrect because extreme conditions are tested in stress testing, not UAT.
In summary, the main goal of UAT is to validate that the software meets business requirements and user expectations before it is released for production.
Question 183:
Which type of testing focuses on verifying that the system functions as expected in a production-like environment?
a) Regression testing
b) Acceptance testing
c) System testing
d) Alpha testing
Answer:
c) System testing
Explanation:
System testing is a comprehensive testing phase where the entire system is validated in an environment that closely resembles the production environment. The main goal of system testing is to ensure that the software functions correctly when all components are integrated and operate together as expected. This phase of testing checks both functional and non-functional requirements, simulating real-world use cases and behaviors.Integration validation: Verifying that all integrated components, modules, and systems work together as expected. This includes checking interfaces and data flow between different parts of the system. Real-world scenarios: System testing is designed to evaluate how the software behaves in an environment that mimics production, ensuring that it can handle real-world conditions such as varying user inputs, network connectivity, and hardware configurations. End-to-end testing: System testing involves testing the entire application as a whole, from user interactions to back-end services, ensuring that the system delivers the intended results across all functions. Functional and non-functional testing: System testing evaluates both functional aspects (e.g., does the software perform as specified?) and non-functional aspects (e.g., is the software fast enough, secure, and scalable?).
Option a is incorrect because regression testing is focused on ensuring that new changes have not introduced defects in previously functioning areas of the system, not on verifying overall system functionality. Option B is incorrect because acceptance testing focuses on verifying that the software meets the business needs and user expectations, typically by end-users. Option d is incorrect because alpha testing is an internal testing phase conducted by developers or testers before the system is released to users.
In summary, system testing verifies that the entire software system works as intended in a production-like environment, ensuring the system’s readiness for deployment.
Question 184:
What does the term “test coverage” refer to in software testing?
a) The number of test cases executed during the testing process
b) The proportion of the code or functionality tested by the test cases
c) The percentage of defects found during the testing phase
d) The extent to which the software meets user requirements
Answer:
b) The proportion of the code or functionality tested by the test cases
Explanation:
Test coverage is a metric used in software testing to measure how much of the code, functionality, or requirements are tested by the test cases. It helps determine the extent to which the software has been tested and can be an indicator of the thoroughness of the testing process. High test coverage indicates that a large portion of the code has been tested, potentially reducing the likelihood of defects going undetected. Code coverage: This refers to the percentage of code that has been executed by the test cases. Common code coverage types include statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage, each focusing on different aspects of the code. Functional coverage: This focuses on ensuring that all specified functions or features are tested to validate that the software performs as expected. It is often measured by tracking the execution of functional test cases. Requirement coverage: This measures whether all the requirements of the software have been tested. It is useful for ensuring that the system meets the functional and non-functional specifications laid out at the beginning of the project. Test coverage helps to identify areas of the code or functionality that may not have been adequately tested, and it allows testers to focus their efforts on under-tested areas. However, high test coverage does not necessarily mean the software is defect-free, as testing certain conditions may not fully simulate real-world scenarios.
Option a is incorrect because the number of test cases executed refers to how many tests have been run, but it does not necessarily correlate with how much code or functionality has been tested. Option C is incorrect because the percentage of defects found is not related to test coverage, which focuses on the extent of testing, not the defect discovery rate. Option d is incorrect because user requirements are verified through acceptance testing, not test coverage.
In summary, test coverage is a measure of how much of the code, functionality, or requirements have been tested during the testing process, helping to ensure thorough testing.
Question 185:
What is the primary goal of alpha testing?
a) To test the software in a controlled, real-world environment
b) To evaluate the software’s usability and user interface
c) To detect and fix bugs before the software is released to external users
d) To assess the system’s performance under extreme conditions
Answer:
c) To detect and fix bugs before the software is released to external users
Explanation:
Alpha testing is an internal testing phase that takes place after the software has undergone unit and integration testing. The primary goal of alpha testing is to identify and fix bugs before the software is released to external users for beta testing. During this phase, developers, testers, and sometimes a select group of internal users conduct the tests, focusing on identifying defects, verifying functionality, and ensuring that the system is stable. Internal testing: Alpha testing is typically conducted by the development team or a designated testing group within the organization. It occurs in a controlled environment, often within the development team’s lab or office. Bug detection: The goal is to identify critical defects, errors, and stability issues that could affect the user experience. Testers report any bugs or issues found, and the development team works to resolve them before the software is released to external users.
Feature verification: Alpha testing also verifies that the core features and functionalities of the system are working as intended. This may include testing new features, user interactions, and integration points. Pre-beta stage: Alpha testing occurs before beta testing, and the software is not yet released to the general public or end-users. It is an important phase to ensure that major issues are addressed before external feedback is collected during the beta phase.
Option a is incorrect because alpha testing is typically done internally, not in a real-world production environment. Option B is incorrect because usability testing focuses on evaluating the user interface and user experience, which is not the primary focus of alpha testing. Option d is incorrect because stress testing evaluates performance under extreme conditions, not alpha testing.
In summary, the primary goal of alpha testing is to identify and fix bugs, ensuring that the software is stable and functional before it is released to external users for beta testing.
Question 186:
What is the main focus of acceptance testing?
a) To ensure the software meets the business requirements and user needs
b) To evaluate the software’s performance under various load conditions
c) To verify that individual components of the software are working as expected
d) To assess the usability and user experience of the software
Answer:
a) To ensure the software meets the business requirements and user needs
Explanation:
Acceptance testing is the process of verifying that the software meets the business requirements, user expectations, and intended functionality as defined at the beginning of the project. The main goal of acceptance testing is to ensure that the software is ready for deployment to production, and it often marks the final testing phase before the system is released to users. Verification against requirements: Acceptance testing verifies that the system delivers the features and functionality as specified in the business requirements and user stories. This ensures that the software meets the needs of the business and end-users.
User validation: In many cases, acceptance testing is performed by the end-users or business representatives, who validate that the software meets their expectations and business objectives. This is why it is sometimes referred to as User Acceptance Testing (UAT).
Real-world scenarios: Acceptance testing is often conducted using real-world data and scenarios to validate that the system works in the intended environment, ensuring it delivers value in actual business conditions. Defect reporting and feedback: During acceptance testing, users may report defects or provide feedback on functionality, which can lead to fixes or changes before the software is deployed.
Option B is incorrect because performance testing focuses on system behavior under varying loads, not on verifying business requirements. Option C is incorrect because verifying individual components is part of unit testing or integration testing, not acceptance testing. Option d is incorrect because usability testing focuses on the user experience, not business requirements.
In summary, the primary focus of acceptance testing is to ensure that the software meets the business requirements and user needs, validating that the system is ready for deployment.
Question 187:
Which of the following is the main purpose of unit testing?
a) To verify that individual components or units of the code work correctly
b) To evaluate the system’s overall performance under load
c) To ensure the system meets user requirements
d) To check that the system integrates correctly with other systems
Answer:
a) To verify that individual components or units of the code work correctly
Explanation:
Unit testing is a type of testing that focuses on verifying that individual components or units of the code work as expected. A “unit” typically refers to a single function, method, or class in the code. Unit tests are usually written by developers and are designed to test the smallest parts of the system in isolation, ensuring that each unit performs its task correctly. Isolation: Each unit test focuses on a single piece of functionality, often in isolation from the rest of the system. Mock objects or stubs are used to simulate the behavior of external dependencies. Automated tests: Unit tests are typically automated, allowing them to be run quickly and repeatedly during development. They help developers identify defects early, as they can be run frequently during the coding process. Testing individual functions: Unit testing focuses on testing specific functions or methods to ensure they behave as expected, such as returning the correct output given a set of inputs. Fast feedback: Unit tests provide fast feedback to developers, allowing them to identify and fix issues in the code quickly, improving code quality and reliability.
Option b is incorrect because performance testing is concerned with evaluating the system’s behavior under load, not the functionality of individual units. Option C is incorrect because user requirements are verified in acceptance testing, not unit testing. Option d is incorrect because integration testing ensures that the system integrates correctly with other systems, not unit testing.
In summary, unit testing focuses on verifying that individual components or units of the code work as intended, providing early detection of defects and ensuring code quality.
Question 188:
What is the main objective of regression testing?
a) To test new features and functionalities
b) To ensure that previously working functionality is not affected by new changes
c) To verify the system’s performance under different conditions
d) To validate that the software meets the user requirements
Answer:
b) To ensure that previously working functionality is not affected by new changes
Explanation:
Regression testing is a type of software testing that ensures that changes or updates to the system (e.g., bug fixes, enhancements, or new features) do not adversely affect the existing functionality of the software. The main objective is to verify that the software continues to function as expected after modifications have been made, helping to prevent the introduction of new defects. Re-testing affected areas: Regression testing involves re-running test cases that are affected by the changes. This includes testing the modified areas as well as other areas of the system that may have been impacted indirectly. Automated tests: Since regression testing can be repetitive and time-consuming, it is often automated, allowing for efficient re-testing of the software after each change. Ensuring stability: The goal of regression testing is to ensure that the system remains stable after changes and that previously functioning features still work as expected. Catching regressions: By re-executing existing tests, regression testing helps catch regressions—issues where previously fixed bugs or working features are reintroduced due to new changes.
Option a is incorrect because regression testing focuses on ensuring existing functionality is not broken by changes, rather than testing new features. Option cCis incorrect because performance testing evaluates the system’s behavior under different conditions, not regression testing. Option d is incorrect because validating user requirements is part of acceptance testing, not regression testing.
In summary, regression testing ensures that new changes do not negatively impact the software’s existing functionality, providing confidence that the system remains stable and functional after modifications.
Question 189:
Which of the following is a characteristic of black-box testing?
a) The tester knows the internal workings of the system
b) The focus is on testing the system from the user’s perspective
c) The test cases are based on the internal logic of the code
d) The testing process is performed by developers only
Answer:
b) The focus is on testing the system from the user’s perspective
Explanation:
Black-box testing is a testing technique where the tester does not have access to the internal workings or source code of the system. The focus is entirely on the system’s functionality and how it behaves from the user’s perspective, without any knowledge of how the system is implemented. Functional testing: Black-box testing is primarily concerned with validating that the system performs the required functions correctly and that it meets user requirements. The tester interacts with the system in the same way an end-user would. Test case design based on requirements: Test cases are designed based on the system’s functional specifications or user stories, and they focus on ensuring that the software behaves as expected when interacting with users or other systems. No knowledge of code: Testers do not need to understand the internal logic or structure of the system. They simply validate that the system’s inputs produce the expected outputs. Types of testing: Black-box testing can include a wide range of testing types, including functional testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and more.
Option a is incorrect because black-box testing involves testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the system. Option C is incorrect because test cases based on internal logic describe white-box testing, not black-box testing. Option d is incorrect because black-box testing can be performed by testers, business analysts, or end-users, not just developers.
In summary, black-box testing focuses on verifying the system’s functionality from the user’s perspective, without any knowledge of the internal code or logic.
Question 190:
Which of the following is an example of non-functional testing?
a) Unit testing
b) Usability testing
c) Integration testing
d) Functional testing
Answer:
b) Usability testing
Explanation:
Non-functional testing is a type of testing that focuses on evaluating the non-functional aspects of the software, such as performance, security, usability, and scalability, rather than verifying the system’s functionality. Usability testing is an example of non-functional testing, as it assesses how easy and user-friendly the system is for end-users. Usability testing: Usability testing evaluates the user experience, focusing on factors such as ease of use, interface design, accessibility, and user satisfaction. It helps identify usability issues that could hinder the user’s ability to interact with the software effectively. Performance testing: This includes load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing, which assess how well the software performs under varying conditions or heavy load. Security testing: Ensuring that the software is secure from vulnerabilities and threats, protecting data and user privacy. Reliability testing: Evaluating the system’s ability to perform under normal or stressed conditions without failure.
Option a is incorrect because unit testing focuses on verifying the functionality of individual components, which is a functional test. Option C is incorrect because integration testing is primarily concerned with verifying the interactions between components, which is functional testing. Option d is incorrect because functional testing focuses on verifying the system’s functionality, not non-functional attributes.
In summary, usability testing is an example of non-functional testing, as it focuses on the user experience and the system’s overall usability rather than its functional behavior.
Question 191:
Which of the following best describes exploratory testing?
a) Testing based on predefined test cases and scripts
b) Testing where the tester actively explores the application, without predefined test cases
c) Testing focused on evaluating system performance under heavy load
d) Testing the system’s ability to handle invalid inputs
Answer:
b) Testing where the tester actively explores the application, without predefined test cases
Explanation:
Exploratory testing is an informal testing technique in which the tester actively explores the application while simultaneously learning about its functionality and behavior. This approach involves minimal or no predefined test cases, relying instead on the tester’s knowledge, intuition, and creativity to uncover defects. Testers use their understanding of the system to explore different paths and scenarios that might not be covered by formal test cases.
Simultaneous learning and testing: Testers explore the software in real-time, gaining a deeper understanding of the system’s functionality while identifying issues. This dynamic approach allows testers to quickly adapt and focus on areas that might need more attention.
Tester-driven approach: The tester’s knowledge, experience, and curiosity guide the testing process. This often leads to discovering unexpected defects or issues that might not be anticipated by predefined test cases.
Flexibility: Since there are no predefined test scripts, exploratory testing allows testers to adjust their approach based on the findings they encounter during testing. It is particularly useful for uncovering subtle or hard-to-detect defects.
Documentation and feedback: Exploratory testing can be documented in real-time, with testers taking notes and providing feedback on areas that require further testing or improvement.
Option a is incorrect because predefined test cases and scripts are part of scripted testing, not exploratory testing. Option C is incorrect because performance testing focuses on system performance, not exploratory testing. Option d is incorrect because testing invalid inputs is a part of negative testing, which can be done using other techniques.
In summary, exploratory testing involves a flexible, tester-driven approach to discovering defects by exploring the software without predefined test cases, relying on the tester’s creativity and insights.
Question 192:
Which of the following best describes a test harness?
a) A set of pre-written test cases that are executed automatically
b) A software tool used to track and manage test cases
c) A framework or environment used to automate the execution of tests
d) A system that automatically checks for security vulnerabilities in software
Answer:
c) A framework or environment used to automate the execution of tests
Explanation:
A test harness is a test environment or framework that allows for the automation of test execution. It is designed to run tests, compare actual outcomes with expected outcomes, and provide feedback on whether the software passed or failed the test. The test harness typically includes tools, libraries, or scripts that support the automated execution and reporting of test cases, making it an essential part of automated testing.
A test harness automates the execution of tests, allowing them to be run repeatedly without manual intervention. This helps to speed up the testing process and ensures consistency across multiple test runs. The test harness executes predefined test cases, monitors the results, and validates whether the system’s behavior matches the expected outcome. It can also provide detailed logs and reports on test execution. Integration with other tools: Test harnesses often integrate with other testing tools, such as Continuous Integration (CI) systems, to facilitate seamless testing throughout the development cycle. Support for various test types: Test harnesses can support a variety of testing approaches, including unit testing, integration testing, and regression testing, by automating test case execution across different levels of the software.
Option a is incorrect because a set of pre-written test cases is not a test harness itself; a test harness is a framework used to run such test cases automatically. Option B is incorrect because test management tools track and manage test cases, while a test harness focuses on test execution and automation. Option d is incorrect because automated security vulnerability testing is part of security testing, not related to a test harness.
In summary, a test harness is an automated testing framework that executes predefined tests and validates system behavior, providing consistency and efficiency in the testing process.
Question 193:
What is the primary goal of load testing?
a) To evaluate the system’s ability to handle expected user loads
b) To assess the system’s security vulnerabilities
c) To check whether the software meets user requirements
d) To ensure that all integrated components work together correctly
Answer:
a) To evaluate the system’s ability to handle expected user loads
Explanation:
Load testing is a type of performance testing that focuses on evaluating how well the system performs under normal user loads. The primary goal of load testing is to ensure that the software can handle the anticipated volume of traffic or data without significant performance degradation or failure. It simulates a real-world load, such as the expected number of concurrent users or requests, and measures how the system responds to this load.
Load testing mimics the actual user activity that the system is expected to support in a production environment. This may include testing the system with varying numbers of users, transactions, or requests. During load testing, performance metrics such as response time, throughput, and resource utilization (e.g., CPU, memory, and network usage) are monitored to assess how well the system handles the load. Load testing helps identify performance bottlenecks, such as areas of the system that slow down under heavy load, which can be addressed to improve scalability. Load testing verifies whether the system can scale to meet the growing demands of users or data without significant degradation in performance.
Option b is incorrect because security testing focuses on identifying vulnerabilities, not evaluating system performance under load. Option C is incorrect because validating user requirements is part of acceptance testing, not load testing. Option d is incorrect because integration testing verifies that components work together, while load testing focuses on performance under load.
In summary, load testing evaluates the system’s ability to handle the expected user load, ensuring that the software performs as expected under real-world conditions.
Question 194:
What is the primary purpose of smoke testing?
a) To test the software’s functionality in depth
b) To verify whether the most critical functionalities of the system are working
c) To test the system under extreme conditions
d) To assess the software’s security vulnerabilities
Answer:
b) To verify whether the most critical functionalities of the system are working
Explanation:
Smoke testing, also known as “build verification testing,” is a preliminary testing process used to verify that the most critical functionalities of the software work as expected. It is typically performed after a new build or version of the software has been deployed. The goal of smoke testing is to quickly assess whether the build is stable enough for further, more in-depth testing, such as functional or regression testing.
Smoke testing checks whether key functionalities of the software, such as logging in, data entry, and navigation, are working as expected. It is not meant to verify all features but to ensure that the core features function correctly. Smoke testing helps identify critical issues that would prevent further testing, such as crashes, major bugs, or missing components. If the system fails smoke testing, more detailed testing is typically halted until the critical issues are fixe d. Smoke tests are typically quick, focusing on high-level verification of the build’s stability. This allows testers to quickly determine whether a build is ready for more thorough testing. Initial health check: Smoke testing acts as an initial health check for a new build, providing immediate feedback on whether the software is ready for further testing.
Option a is incorrect because smoke testing does not involve in-depth testing of all functionalities; it focuses on verifying basic functionalities. Option C is incorrect because testing under extreme conditions is part of stress testing, not smoke testing. Option d is incorrect because security testing focuses on vulnerabilities, not the basic functionality of the system.
In summary, smoke testing ensures that the most critical functionalities of the software work and that the build is stable enough to proceed with more thorough testing.
Question 195:
Which of the following is the focus of functional testing?
a) To verify the system’s performance under load
b) To validate that the system meets the specified requirements
c) To assess the system’s security vulnerabilities
d) To check the usability and user experience of the software
Answer:
b) To validate that the system meets the specified requirements
Explanation:
Functional testing is a type of testing that focuses on verifying that the software functions as intended according to the specified requirements. The primary goal of functional testing is to ensure that all features of the system work as expected and meet the business or user requirements. Functional testing typically involves validating the system’s functionality against use cases, user stories, or functional specifications.
Functional testing verifies that the software performs the tasks it was designed to do, such as processing data, generating reports, or executing business processes, in accordance with the requirements. Input and output testing: It involves testing the software with various inputs to ensure that it produces the expected outputs. This includes testing normal, boundary, and invalid inputs. Functional testing checks whether the system behaves as expected when interacting with users, ensuring that features like forms, buttons, and menus function correctly. Functional testing is often performed as black-box testing, where the tester does not have access to the internal workings of the system and focuses solely on inputs and outputs.
Option a is incorrect because performance testing focuses on evaluating the system’s performance under load, not functionality. Option C is incorrect because security testing assesses vulnerabilities, not functional correctness. Option d is incorrect because usability testing focuses on user experience, not functional behavior.
In summary, functional testing validates that the software meets the specified requirements and behaves as expected based on functional specifications.
Question 196:
What type of testing is primarily concerned with the behavior of the system when it is subjected to heavy traffic or extreme conditions?
a) Load testing
b) Stress testing
c) Usability testing
d) Functional testing
Answer:
b) Stress testing
Explanation:
Stress testing is a type of performance testing that focuses on determining how a system behaves under extreme conditions, such as heavy traffic, high data volumes, or other stress-inducing factors. The primary goal of stress testing is to assess the system’s robustness and its ability to handle situations beyond its normal operating capacity.
Stress testing involves pushing the system to its limits by applying an unusually high number of users or transactions, often far beyond expected operational levels, to see how it responds. Stress testing helps identify weaknesses in the system that may cause it to crash, freeze, or degrade in performance under extreme conditions. This includes areas like system overloads, resource exhaustion (e.g., CPU, memory), and data corruption. Stress testing also checks the system’s ability to recover from failures once the stress conditions are lifted. This includes verifying whether the system can resume normal operation after it has been subjected to overload. By testing how the system handles stress, stress testing provides insight into its scalability and resilience, showing whether it can handle unexpected surges in demand or unforeseen environmental stressors.
Option a is incorrect because load testing focuses on testing the system under expected or normal usage conditions, not extreme conditions. Option C is incorrect because usability testing focuses on the user experience, not on system performance under stress. Option d is incorrect because functional testing focuses on validating the correctness of system functionality, not on performance under stress.
In summary, stress testing evaluates how a system behaves under extreme conditions, helping to identify failure points and assess system resilience and recovery.
Question 197:
What is the primary purpose of smoke testing in the software development lifecycle?
a) To verify that critical features work after a new build or update
b) To evaluate the performance of the system under load
c) To check that the system meets user requirements
d) To validate the usability of the system for end-users
Answer:
a) To verify that critical features work after a new build or update
Explanation:
Smoke testing, also known as “build verification testing,” is a quick and preliminary test conducted to determine whether the most critical functionalities of a software build are working as expected. Smoke testing typically occurs after a new build or update has been deployed, ensuring that there are no major issues preventing the software from running properly before more detailed testing takes place.
Basic functionality check: Smoke testing checks the most essential and high-priority features of the system, such as logging in, navigating through key screens, and submitting simple data. It is not designed to test all aspects of the system but to verify that the build is stable enough for further testing. Quick and efficient: Smoke tests are typically fast and cover only the most critical aspects of the application. This allows the team to quickly determine whether the build is worth further testing or if it has major issues that need to be fixed first. Early detection of critical issues: By performing smoke testing early in the testing cycle, testers can detect showstopper defects (e.g., crashes, missing functionalities) before proceeding with more detailed functional, regression, or integration testing. Health check: Smoke testing acts as an initial health check for a build, ensuring that the software is ready for more comprehensive testing and is not fundamentally broken.
Option b is incorrect because performance testing (load testing, stress testing, etc.) focuses on system behavior under varying loads, not on verifying critical features. Option C is incorrect because user requirements are validated in acceptance testing, not smoke testing. Option d is incorrect because usability testing focuses on user experience and interface design, not on verifying critical features.
In summary, smoke testing ensures that the core features of a software build are working as expected, providing an early check on the stability of the build before proceeding with more thorough testing.
Question 198:
What is the main goal of security testing?
a) To ensure that the software functions correctly under normal conditions
b) To evaluate the system’s response to extreme conditions and load
c) To identify vulnerabilities, threats, and weaknesses in the system
d) To validate that the software meets user requirements
Answer:
c) To identify vulnerabilities, threats, and weaknesses in the system
Explanation:
Security testing is a type of software testing aimed at identifying and addressing potential vulnerabilities, threats, and weaknesses in a software application or system. The main goal of security testing is to ensure that the system is protected from attacks, unauthorized access, and other security risks that could compromise its confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Security testing involves identifying and assessing potential security vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and buffer overflows, that could allow malicious actors to compromise the system. Security testing aims to identify threats such as unauthorized access, data breaches, and denial-of-service attacks that could harm the system or its users. Security testing checks that user authentication mechanisms (e.g., passwords, multi-factor authentication) are implemented securely and that access controls are in place to ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive resources. This includes testing the system’s ability to protect sensitive data, such as encryption of data in transit and at rest, ensuring that data is not leaked or tampered with by unauthorized users.
Option a is incorrect because ensuring correct functionality under normal conditions is part of functional testing, not security testing. Option b is incorrect because load testing and stress testing focus on performance under load, not on identifying security risks. Option d is incorrect because validating user requirements is part of acceptance testing, not security testing.
In summary, security testing focuses on identifying vulnerabilities and threats to ensure that the system is secure and can protect sensitive data from unauthorized access or malicious attacks.
Question 199:
Which of the following is a primary goal of performance testing?
a) To identify defects in the code
b) To ensure that the software meets its functional requirements
c) To validate that the system performs well under expected load conditions
d) To verify that all user inputs are validated
Answer:
c) To validate that the system performs well under expected load conditions
Explanation:
Performance testing is a type of non-functional testing aimed at evaluating how well the software performs under normal load conditions. The primary goal of performance testing is to assess key performance metrics such as response time, throughput, and resource utilization to ensure that the system meets the performance expectations set by users, stakeholders, or service-level agreements (SLAs).
Response time and throughput: Performance testing measures how quickly the system responds to user requests and how much data it can process within a given period (throughput). These metrics are essential for ensuring that the system can handle user traffic efficiently. Performance testing can help assess the system’s ability to scale and handle increasing numbers of users, transactions, or data without significant performance degradation.
Performance testing also checks how efficiently the system uses system resources, such as CPU, memory, and bandwidth. Performance testing ensures that the system meets predefined service-level agreements (SLAs), which may include maximum acceptable response times, system availability, and other performance criteria.
Option a is incorrect because identifying defects in the code is part of functional testing or debugging, not performance testing. Option B is incorrect because validating functional requirements is part of functional testing, not performance testing. Option d is incorrect because input validation is tested during functional testing or security testing, not performance testing.
In summary, performance testing ensures that the system performs well under expected load conditions, measuring key metrics such as response time, throughput, and resource utilization.
Question 200:
Which of the following is an example of white-box testing?
a) User acceptance testing
b) Stress testing
c) Code coverage testing
d) Exploratory testing
Answer:
c) Code coverage testing
Explanation:
White-box testing (also known as clear-box testing or structural testing) is a testing approach that focuses on the internal logic and structure of the system’s code. In white-box testing, the tester has full knowledge of the internal workings of the system, such as the code, architecture, and algorithms. The goal is to ensure that the system’s internal components work as expected and that all paths, branches, and conditions in the code are tested.
Code coverage testing is a type of white-box testing that measures the extent to which the code has been exercised by the tests. It tracks which lines, branches, or paths of the code have been executed and ensures that all parts of the code are tested. Test design: White-box tests are typically designed based on the system’s source code and involve testing specific code paths, loops, and conditions to ensure that all possible scenarios are covered. White-box testing can also involve techniques such as static code analysis, which examines the code for potential issues like coding standards violations, potential defects, and vulnerabilities. White-box testing is commonly used in unit testing and integration testing, where developers test individual functions, methods, or components to verify their behavior and interactions.
Option a is incorrect because user acceptance testing is a type of black-box testing, where the tester does not have knowledge of the internal code. Option b is incorrect because stress testing is a type of performance testing, not white-box testing. Option d is incorrect because exploratory testing is typically a black-box testing technique.
In summary, code coverage testing is an example of white-box testing, where the focus is on verifying the internal logic and structure of the code.
