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Exam Code: CISSP
Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 25

Question 240

A legacy password database stores unsalted fast hashes. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Verify application logins work without measuring offline guessing cost or work factors
  2. Confirm database encryption is enabled while password hashing remains unsalted and fast
  3. Check that password hashes have the expected length without comparing identical inputs across users
  4. Test identical passwords generate distinct stored hashes and benchmark cost

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Fast general hashing and salts alone do not resist offline guessing adequately. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Test identical passwords generate distinct stored hashes and benchmark cost.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Fast general hashing and salts alone do not resist offline guessing adequately. The proposed check, “Verify application logins work without measuring offline guessing cost or work factors”, misses the relevant outcome; “Test identical passwords generate distinct stored hashes and benchmark cost” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

B:

“Confirm database encryption is enabled while password hashing remains unsalted and fast” does not show the required outcome: test identical passwords generate distinct stored hashes and benchmark cost. That test matters because fast general hashing and salts alone do not resist offline guessing adequately.

C:

Fast general hashing and salts alone do not resist offline guessing adequately. The proposed check, “Check that password hashes have the expected length without comparing identical inputs across users”, misses the relevant outcome; “Test identical passwords generate distinct stored hashes and benchmark cost” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 241

A cryptographic device leaks information through request timing. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Apply constant-time or side-channel-resistant implementation techniques
  2. Encrypt all test requests while retaining key-dependent comparisons with early exit behavior
  3. Obscure API response contents but keep secret-dependent branches with different execution times
  4. Add random network delay only to one response path without addressing the underlying timing leak

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Implementation side channels can reveal information without breaking the cipher math. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Implementation side channels can reveal information without breaking the cipher math. “Encrypt all test requests while retaining key-dependent comparisons with early exit behavior” does not supply that control; “Apply constant-time or side-channel-resistant implementation techniques” addresses the identified gap, and “Compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs” verifies the result.

C:

The security distinction is that implementation side channels can reveal information without breaking the cipher math. “Obscure API response contents but keep secret-dependent branches with different execution times” addresses neither the required “Apply constant-time or side-channel-resistant implementation techniques” action nor its supporting evidence: “Compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs”.

D:

Implementation side channels can reveal information without breaking the cipher math. “Add random network delay only to one response path without addressing the underlying timing leak” does not supply that control; “Apply constant-time or side-channel-resistant implementation techniques” addresses the identified gap, and “Compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs” verifies the result.

Question 242

A cryptographic device leaks information through request timing. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Test only whether cryptographic outputs are mathematically correct rather than timing-invariant
  2. Compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs
  3. Measure average latency for a single secret input without comparing input-dependent distributions
  4. Check CPU utilization while withholding any timing analysis of sensitive operations

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Implementation side channels can reveal information without breaking the cipher math. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Test only whether cryptographic outputs are mathematically correct rather than timing-invariant” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs”, reflecting the requirement that implementation side channels can reveal information without breaking the cipher math.

C:

“Measure average latency for a single secret input without comparing input-dependent distributions” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs”, reflecting the requirement that implementation side channels can reveal information without breaking the cipher math.

D:

“Check CPU utilization while withholding any timing analysis of sensitive operations” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Apply constant-time or side-channel-resistant implementation techniques” works. Implementation side channels can reveal information without breaking the cipher math. The decisive test is “Compare timing distributions for secret-dependent inputs”.

Question 243

A client accepts any certificate during TLS establishment. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Trust certificates that have expired if the connection is over a private network
  2. Disable certificate-chain validation and rely on a client display of a padlock icon
  3. Require proper hostname, certificate-chain and validity checks
  4. Accept TLS connections whenever payload encryption succeeds, even with a mismatched hostname

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Encrypted traffic to an attacker is still a man-in-the-middle failure. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Trust certificates that have expired if the connection is over a private network” leaves the essential control missing: encrypted traffic to an attacker is still a man-in-the-middle failure. The direct corrective action is “Require proper hostname, certificate-chain and validity checks”, validated by the acceptance check “Insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection”.

B:

“Disable certificate-chain validation and rely on a client display of a padlock icon” would not establish the protection described: encrypted traffic to an attacker is still a man-in-the-middle failure. The necessary change is “Require proper hostname, certificate-chain and validity checks” with the verification “Insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection”.

D:

“Accept TLS connections whenever payload encryption succeeds, even with a mismatched hostname” would not establish the protection described: encrypted traffic to an attacker is still a man-in-the-middle failure. The necessary change is “Require proper hostname, certificate-chain and validity checks” with the verification “Insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection”.

Question 244

A client accepts any certificate during TLS establishment. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check a certificate file is installed rather than the TLS client's actual trust decision
  2. Confirm a genuine certificate works but never attempt an untrusted intermediary certificate
  3. Inspect cipher-suite strength without validating certificate-chain and hostname rejection
  4. Insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Encrypted traffic to an attacker is still a man-in-the-middle failure. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Check a certificate file is installed rather than the TLS client's actual trust decision” would not verify the relevant control. Encrypted traffic to an attacker is still a man-in-the-middle failure. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection”.

B:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection” because encrypted traffic to an attacker is still a man-in-the-middle failure. “Confirm a genuine certificate works but never attempt an untrusted intermediary certificate” cannot establish that result.

C:

An observation of “Inspect cipher-suite strength without validating certificate-chain and hostname rejection” would not verify the relevant control. Encrypted traffic to an attacker is still a man-in-the-middle failure. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Insert an untrusted intermediary certificate and verify connection rejection”.

Question 245

An attacker can repeatedly submit chosen ciphertexts and observe decryption errors. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Adopt authenticated encryption and avoid distinguishable decryption error oracles
  2. Return distinct parsing errors for malformed ciphertext and trust callers not to probe repeatedly
  3. Use unauthenticated encryption and expose padding-check success to unauthenticated clients
  4. Rate-limit requests while retaining secret-dependent decryption error categories

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Chosen-ciphertext attacks exploit unsafe decryption behavior. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to run malformed-ciphertext probes and check uniform rejection.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Return distinct parsing errors for malformed ciphertext and trust callers not to probe repeatedly” is not the relevant mitigation. Chosen-ciphertext attacks exploit unsafe decryption behavior. The scenario calls for “Adopt authenticated encryption and avoid distinguishable decryption error oracles”; the acceptance check is “Run malformed-ciphertext probes and check uniform rejection”.

C:

The proposal “Use unauthenticated encryption and expose padding-check success to unauthenticated clients” does not meet the relevant requirement because chosen-ciphertext attacks exploit unsafe decryption behavior. The matching remediation is “Adopt authenticated encryption and avoid distinguishable decryption error oracles”.

D:

“Rate-limit requests while retaining secret-dependent decryption error categories” is not the relevant mitigation. Chosen-ciphertext attacks exploit unsafe decryption behavior. The scenario calls for “Adopt authenticated encryption and avoid distinguishable decryption error oracles”; the acceptance check is “Run malformed-ciphertext probes and check uniform rejection”.

Question 246

An attacker can repeatedly submit chosen ciphertexts and observe decryption errors. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check request throttling without comparing messages for different decryption failures
  2. Run malformed-ciphertext probes and check uniform rejection
  3. Review the cipher's published strength without probing the application's error oracle
  4. Confirm valid ciphertext decrypts but never submit malformed values to test rejection consistency

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Chosen-ciphertext attacks exploit unsafe decryption behavior. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Run malformed-ciphertext probes and check uniform rejection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Chosen-ciphertext attacks exploit unsafe decryption behavior. The proposed check, “Check request throttling without comparing messages for different decryption failures”, misses the relevant outcome; “Run malformed-ciphertext probes and check uniform rejection” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

C:

Chosen-ciphertext attacks exploit unsafe decryption behavior. The proposed check, “Review the cipher's published strength without probing the application's error oracle”, misses the relevant outcome; “Run malformed-ciphertext probes and check uniform rejection” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

“Confirm valid ciphertext decrypts but never submit malformed values to test rejection consistency” does not show the required outcome: run malformed-ciphertext probes and check uniform rejection. That test matters because chosen-ciphertext attacks exploit unsafe decryption behavior.

Question 247

A data center is planned beside a floodplain with recurring severe storms. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Increase firewall redundancy while ignoring correlated flooding risk to the facility
  2. Select the floodplain data-center site solely on lower electricity pricing without evaluating storm exposure
  3. Assess environmental hazards before selecting the site and recovery design
  4. Buy additional cyber insurance but leave the physical site and recovery geography unchanged

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A strong firewall does not mitigate physical-site geographic risk. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The security distinction is that a strong firewall does not mitigate physical-site geographic risk. “Increase firewall redundancy while ignoring correlated flooding risk to the facility” addresses neither the required “Assess environmental hazards before selecting the site and recovery design” action nor its supporting evidence: “Verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls”.

B:

A strong firewall does not mitigate physical-site geographic risk. “Select the floodplain data-center site solely on lower electricity pricing without evaluating storm exposure” does not supply that control; “Assess environmental hazards before selecting the site and recovery design” addresses the identified gap, and “Verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls” verifies the result.

D:

A strong firewall does not mitigate physical-site geographic risk. “Buy additional cyber insurance but leave the physical site and recovery geography unchanged” does not supply that control; “Assess environmental hazards before selecting the site and recovery design” addresses the identified gap, and “Verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls” verifies the result.

Question 248

A data center is planned beside a floodplain with recurring severe storms. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Verify land ownership and network links without reviewing flood hazard maps and siting approval
  2. Inspect disaster insurance coverage without evaluating geographic recovery dependencies
  3. Confirm racks are installed securely while the selected area remains vulnerable to severe storms
  4. Verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A strong firewall does not mitigate physical-site geographic risk. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Verify land ownership and network links without reviewing flood hazard maps and siting approval” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls”, reflecting the requirement that a strong firewall does not mitigate physical-site geographic risk.

B:

“Inspect disaster insurance coverage without evaluating geographic recovery dependencies” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Assess environmental hazards before selecting the site and recovery design” works. A strong firewall does not mitigate physical-site geographic risk. The decisive test is “Verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls”.

C:

“Confirm racks are installed securely while the selected area remains vulnerable to severe storms” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Verify hazard mapping and approved site selection controls”, reflecting the requirement that a strong firewall does not mitigate physical-site geographic risk.

Question 249

A secure room shares wall space with an uncontrolled public storage area. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Design a defensible physical boundary and monitored entry controls
  2. Depend on employee training rather than hardening the public storage area's adjoining boundary
  3. Install motion sensors inside the room while unauthorized access through the uncontrolled wall remains possible
  4. Put a badge reader on the secure room door but leave an accessible opening through the shared wall

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Trust boundaries apply to buildings as well as network segments. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing.

Incorrect Answers

B:

“Depend on employee training rather than hardening the public storage area's adjoining boundary” would not establish the protection described: trust boundaries apply to buildings as well as network segments. The necessary change is “Design a defensible physical boundary and monitored entry controls” with the verification “Inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing”.

C:

“Install motion sensors inside the room while unauthorized access through the uncontrolled wall remains possible” leaves the essential control missing: trust boundaries apply to buildings as well as network segments. The direct corrective action is “Design a defensible physical boundary and monitored entry controls”, validated by the acceptance check “Inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing”.

D:

“Put a badge reader on the secure room door but leave an accessible opening through the shared wall” would not establish the protection described: trust boundaries apply to buildings as well as network segments. The necessary change is “Design a defensible physical boundary and monitored entry controls” with the verification “Inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing”.

Question 250

A secure room shares wall space with an uncontrolled public storage area. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Inspect an architectural drawing without an attempted boundary penetration test
  2. Inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing
  3. Verify authorized staff can enter through the secure door but never attempt access from the public area
  4. Review badge logs only, ignoring breaches through the shared wall and ceiling

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Trust boundaries apply to buildings as well as network segments. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An observation of “Inspect an architectural drawing without an attempted boundary penetration test” would not verify the relevant control. Trust boundaries apply to buildings as well as network segments. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing”.

C:

An observation of “Verify authorized staff can enter through the secure door but never attempt access from the public area” would not verify the relevant control. Trust boundaries apply to buildings as well as network segments. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing”.

D:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Inspect boundary plans and conduct attempted unauthorized entry testing” because trust boundaries apply to buildings as well as network segments. “Review badge logs only, ignoring breaches through the shared wall and ceiling” cannot establish that result.

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