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Exam Code: 200-301
Exam Name: Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
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Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) 200-301 Practice Test 6

Question 50

A client sends repeated TCP SYN packets to a server on port 443 but never receives a SYN-ACK; a separate UDP DNS query still receives a reply. Which inference is most directly supported?

  1. UDP DNS succeeded, so a three-way TCP handshake must already have completed on port 443.
  2. A TCP SYN-ACK was received and acknowledged, proving the connection is already established.
  3. The TCP connection handshake is not completing on the tested destination/port; check listener, filtering and reverse reachability before blaming UDP.
  4. The sender is experiencing normal TCP data retransmissions after a completed connection.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

TCP normally begins with SYN, SYN-ACK and ACK. Repeated unanswered SYNs establish that no usable SYN-ACK reached this client; they do not identify exactly which firewall, service or return-path issue blocked it. The separate UDP response does not validate TCP port 443.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A UDP DNS exchange does not use TCP connection setup, and another service can work while a particular TCP port is filtered.

B:

That contradicts the capture: no SYN-ACK appears, so the three-way handshake has not completed.

D:

SYN retransmissions occur while attempting to establish the session, not after file-transfer payload has been acknowledged.

Question 51

A packet analyst expects to see TCP SYN/SYN-ACK frames for a UDP telemetry stream. Capture instead shows UDP datagrams on the intended destination port, and one lost datagram is not resent by the transport. Which diagnosis is accurate?

  1. The capture shows normal connectionless UDP behavior; loss recovery would require explicit application logic if desired.
  2. The capture proves the router dropped every TCP SYN to establish the telemetry connection.
  3. The UDP sender must retransmit after receiving three duplicate TCP acknowledgments.
  4. The interface FCS guarantees that a lost end-to-end UDP datagram will be replayed automatically.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

UDP has port numbers and a checksum but does not establish a TCP-style connection or automatically retransmit lost datagrams. The absence of a SYN handshake is normal for UDP, not evidence of a failed TCP listener.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The telemetry flow is UDP, so TCP SYN is not expected for that flow and cannot be assumed to have been dropped.

C:

TCP ACK and fast retransmit mechanisms are absent from UDP; any reliability scheme must be implemented above UDP.

D:

A valid link-layer FCS on received frames does not recover missing datagrams along the complete IP path.

Question 52

A TCP packet trace shows acknowledgments repeated for the same last-in-order byte, then the sender transmits a previously sent sequence range again. Which interpretation best matches this evidence?

  1. The transport must be UDP because packet loss is occurring.
  2. The client has completed only the SYN/SYN-ACK/ACK exchange and no application data exists.
  3. The receiver has acknowledged all bytes, so the sender retransmits exclusively to change the source port.
  4. A sequence gap triggered TCP loss recovery; duplicate cumulative ACKs and retransmission are consistent with a missing data segment.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Duplicate ACKs identify that the receiver has not advanced its in-order data boundary, and retransmission fills a suspected missing sequence range. The capture alone may not distinguish every cause of apparent loss or reordering, but it demonstrates TCP recovery behavior.

Incorrect Answers

A:

UDP does not provide TCP sequence numbers or duplicate cumulative acknowledgments, so the observed fields are evidence of TCP behavior.

B:

The trace includes data byte ranges and recovery acknowledgments, not just connection establishment flags.

C:

Repeated ACK of the same sequence boundary means the gap has not been cumulatively acknowledged; retransmission is recovery rather than a port change.

Question 53

A packet capture from a workstation shows TCP SYN with sequence number 8000, SYN-ACK with acknowledgement 8001, and the client's completing ACK acknowledging the peer's initial sequence plus one. Which observation best confirms that the TCP three-way handshake has completed rather than merely being attempted?

  1. A matching SYN, SYN-ACK and final ACK exchange with expected sequence/acknowledgement progression for the same four-tuple.
  2. A UDP datagram on port 53 with no reply, because UDP substitutes for every TCP handshake.
  3. A lone TCP SYN retransmitted several times without receiving SYN-ACK.
  4. A valid ICMP echo reply from the server, with no TCP packets in the capture.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

TCP establishes a connection through a three-way exchange: a client SYN announces its initial sequence, the server replies with SYN-ACK acknowledging it, and the client acknowledges the server's SYN sequence. The described acknowledgement progression and matching source/destination addresses and ports show the handshake has completed at the packet level. Check flags and sequence/acknowledgment values for the same connection, not merely that a SYN left the client. Subsequent application transactions still require separate verification; an established TCP session is not proof the requested service responds correctly. This is observed transport evidence, distinct from selecting TCP for an application that needs reliable ordered delivery.

Incorrect Answers

B:

UDP does not establish a connection through TCP SYN/SYN-ACK/ACK flags. A UDP DNS request may be appropriate for name resolution, but it cannot prove that a TCP three-way handshake completed for the named connection. The packet capture must contain the expected TCP control flags and tuple.

C:

Repeated SYN packets without any matching SYN-ACK indicate that the connection attempt is not completing normally. Retransmission can reveal network loss, filtering or a nonresponsive listener, but it is not successful handshake evidence. The final ACK in response to a valid SYN-ACK is required for the described TCP establishment.

D:

An ICMP echo reply can demonstrate IP connectivity and an endpoint willing to answer ping, but it is not a TCP handshake. A server may reply to ping while TCP port 443 is closed or filtered. Verify actual TCP flags and acknowledgment values for the application flow.

Question 54

A UDP telemetry application was wrongly diagnosed as having a TCP handshake failure. After updating the acceptance plan, which capture evidence directly confirms that it is operating as a UDP flow?

  1. A SYN/SYN-ACK/ACK handshake is required before the first UDP sensor datagram.
  2. The application sends datagrams to the expected UDP destination port at the required interval, with no TCP handshake required.
  3. The TCP retransmission timer recovers every missing UDP datagram before another sample can be sent.
  4. A DNS AAAA response proves that the telemetry sender uses UDP with the intended timing.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

UDP packets carry UDP source and destination port fields and can be emitted without SYN/SYN-ACK/ACK. The application must separately measure timing and missing samples; no automatic transport retransmission is promised.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That handshake is a TCP control exchange, not a requirement for UDP connectionless transmissions.

C:

TCP timers do not govern an independent UDP datagram flow; UDP loss handling is application-dependent.

D:

DNS name resolution can work even if the telemetry application is misconfigured or never sends the expected datagrams.

Question 55

A repaired TCP file-transfer test intentionally drops one segment. Which capture sequence most directly demonstrates the TCP recovery path instead of merely confirming that a connection was opened?

  1. Only the SYN/SYN-ACK/ACK setup is visible, and no data or ACK-number changes are captured.
  2. The receiver sends duplicate ACKs for the missing byte boundary and the sender retransmits the missing sequence range, after which cumulative ACK advances.
  3. The receiver reports UDP destination ports and immediately discards each missing datagram.
  4. The interface is up/up, but no sequence numbers or TCP retransmission events are inspected.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

TCP preserves ordered data by acknowledging the highest contiguous byte received. After loss, duplicate ACKs and retransmission can repair the gap; an advancing cumulative ACK after the resent segment verifies recovery rather than simple handshake success.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Handshake completion proves connection establishment but cannot demonstrate behavior under data loss.

C:

A UDP flow cannot demonstrate TCP retransmission and cumulative ACK recovery.

D:

A healthy Ethernet carrier does not prove end-to-end recovery of missing TCP data on a routed path.

Question 56

Host 192.0.2.77 uses mask /27 on a conventional IPv4 LAN. Which network address, broadcast address and usable range are correct for its subnet?

  1. Network 192.0.2.0/27, broadcast 192.0.2.31, hosts .1–.30.
  2. Network 192.0.2.64/28, broadcast 192.0.2.79, usable hosts .65–.78.
  3. Network 192.0.2.64/26, broadcast 192.0.2.127, usable hosts .65–.126.
  4. Network 192.0.2.64/27, broadcast 192.0.2.95, usable hosts 192.0.2.65–192.0.2.94.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A /27 consumes blocks of 32 addresses in the last octet. 77 lies in 64–95; the first address is the network, last is broadcast, and the interior .65–.94 are usable hosts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That block covers .0–.31 and does not include the configured host .77.

B:

A /28 is a 16-address subnet. Although .77 belongs to the proposed /28, it does not match the actual /27 mask the host is using.

C:

A /26 is a 64-address network and would include addresses outside the actual /27, giving the host an incorrect on-link boundary.

Question 57

A branch VLAN must accommodate 12 workstations, one printer and one default-gateway address. Ordinary IPv4 subnet network and broadcast addresses are unavailable to hosts. What is the narrowest subnet prefix that meets all 14 usable-address requirements?

  1. A /28 prefix, which contains 16 IPv4 addresses including 14 conventional usable host addresses.
  2. A /29 prefix, which contains only six usable host addresses.
  3. A /30 prefix, normally providing two conventional usable host addresses.
  4. A /27 prefix, which offers 30 usable host addresses but allocates more than the stated minimum.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A /28 leaves four host bits, giving sixteen total addresses. On an ordinary IPv4 LAN one value identifies the network and the all-ones host value is the subnet broadcast; fourteen remain usable. The requested devices total fourteen addresses: twelve workstations, one printer, and one gateway. Therefore /28 meets the demand exactly while being the narrowest conventional prefix among the candidates. Validate the network boundary and that the assigned gateway address is not the network or broadcast value; DHCP exclusions may further reduce the address pool for automatically allocated clients.

Incorrect Answers

B:

With three host bits a /29 spans eight addresses, and only six are conventionally assignable to hosts. That is not enough for twelve PCs plus a printer and gateway. An address plan cannot count the network or broadcast address as extra device capacity on a normal Ethernet LAN.

C:

A /30 network has four total IPv4 addresses, normally two assignable endpoints. It is common on small point-to-point connections but cannot serve fourteen ordinary LAN devices. Subnet sizing must start with required usable host addresses rather than choosing a familiar router-link prefix.

D:

A /27 has five host bits and therefore thirty usual host addresses; it would certainly accommodate the required devices. However, the question asks for the narrowest prefix that satisfies the count. /28 already supplies fourteen conventional host slots, so allocating /27 consumes twice the address block unnecessarily.

Question 58

R1 and R2 must use two host addresses from `192.0.2.40/29`. Which pair is valid for their two routed interface addresses?

  1. 192.0.2.40 and 192.0.2.47.
  2. 192.0.2.47 and 192.0.2.48.
  3. 192.0.2.41 and 192.0.2.42.
  4. 192.0.2.39 and 192.0.2.40.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A /29 covers eight addresses: .40 is network, .47 is broadcast, and .41–.46 are ordinary usable hosts. Selecting .41 and .42 keeps both routers in the same subnet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The first and last addresses of a conventional /29 identify its network and broadcast; neither is a usable point-to-point interface address.

B:

The broadcast address .47 is not a conventional usable host, and .48 is the network of the following /29 block.

D:

Address .39 belongs to the preceding block and .40 is the network address of this one.

Question 59

Two router Ethernet handoff interfaces need addresses from one conventional `192.0.2.12/30` subnet. Which assignment is valid if the design reserves the network and broadcast addresses?

  1. Use 192.0.2.12/30 and 192.0.2.15/30 as the two router IP addresses.
  2. Use 192.0.2.11/30 and 192.0.2.12/30.
  3. Use 192.0.2.13/30 and 192.0.2.14/30 on the two router interfaces.
  4. Use 192.0.2.14/29 and 192.0.2.20/29 without changing the approved subnet design.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The /30 block beginning at .12 contains .12 network, .13 and .14 usable hosts, and .15 broadcast. Both router interfaces must have usable addresses in the same subnet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Those are the network and broadcast addresses of the specified conventional /30, not its two ordinary host addresses.

B:

Those values straddle different /30 blocks; .11 is the broadcast of 192.0.2.8/30 and .12 is the next network address.

D:

These /29 values do not form the specified point-to-point /30 assignment; one peer address is outside the intended /30.

Question 60

Two routers have a dedicated IPv4 point-to-point link and need exactly two addresses. Both support RFC 3021 and the interface has no traditional Ethernet broadcast hosts. Which address allocation can conserve the most IPv4 space without breaking the router-to-router link?

  1. Use a /32 on each end and expect both routers to discover the other endpoint without further routing.
  2. Use a /30 solely because every IPv4 prefix must reserve network and broadcast addresses.
  3. Use a /29 because RFC 3021 requires six usable addresses before the link comes up.
  4. Use a /31 on the point-to-point link, assigning the two consecutive IPv4 values to the two endpoints.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

RFC 3021 allows both address values in a 31-bit IPv4 prefix to identify the two endpoints of a supported point-to-point link. Unlike a conventional multiaccess subnet, the two patterns are not reserved as network and directed-broadcast host values for this use. A /31 therefore consumes two addresses instead of four while giving the endpoints unique identifiers. Verify support on both sides, interface addressing, and basic adjacency after installation. Do not apply the two-endpoint exception indiscriminately to shared Ethernet networks with ordinary hosts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A /32 denotes one specific IPv4 address, typically a host route or loopback address. Configuring unrelated isolated /32 endpoint addresses does not automatically create an on-link two-address subnet or neighbor relationship. The requested standard space-saving link is a mutually supported /31 with both endpoints assigned from the same two-address block.

B:

The network/broadcast reservation convention applies to many ordinary IPv4 subnets, but RFC 3021 deliberately defines special behavior for point-to-point links. A /30 would work in many environments yet spends four address values when only two endpoints exist. With RFC 3021 support, /31 is the more efficient valid answer.

C:

A /29 spans eight addresses with six conventional host values and is much larger than a dedicated two-router link needs. Nothing in RFC 3021 imposes that minimum. The distinguishing requirement is a supported point-to-point circuit with only two endpoint addresses, making a /31 more efficient.

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