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Question 21:
Which action must a network access device take when Cisco ISE assigns a Security Group Tag (SGT) to an authenticated session using TrustSec?
A) Ignore the SGT and continue using VLAN-based segmentation
B) Attach the SGT to all packets transmitted from the endpoint, if inline tagging is supported
C) Forward the SGT to the endpoint for local storage
D) Remove the SGT when packets leave the switch
Answer: B)
Explanation:
When Cisco ISE assigns a Security Group Tag to an authenticated session, it is central to the entire TrustSec architecture that the network access device take appropriate action to enforce identity-based segmentation. TrustSec is not merely a VLAN replacement; it is a framework that decouples identity and access decisions from traditional IP-based segmentation. Instead of relying solely on VLANs, ACLs, or IP subnets, TrustSec uses SGT values as logical labels representing user roles, device types, security classifications, or any identity grouping defined by the organization. When a NAD such as a switch receives the SGT assignment from ISE during authorization, its responsibility is to embed this SGT into the traffic for downstream enforcement.
Option B is correct because inline tagging requires the switch to insert the SGT metadata into the Cisco Metadata (CMD) field of the Layer 2 header. This ensures that any TrustSec-aware device downstream, such as firewalls, policy enforcement nodes, or distribution switches, can interpret and apply Security Group Access Control Policies based on the originating identity group. Inline tagging makes the network “identity-aware,” enabling policies to follow users or devices regardless of IP addressing or location.
Option A is incorrect because ignoring SGTs defeats the entire TrustSec design philosophy. VLAN segmentation alone cannot provide the granularity or adaptability that SGT-based segmentation offers. TrustSec overlays VLAN or IP-based segmentation but is not a replacement for SGT-based controls.
Option C is incorrect because endpoints never store or manipulate SGT values. Endpoints remain unaware of SGT tagging; only TrustSec-enabled network devices participate in applying and propagating these identity labels.
Option D is incorrect because removing SGT values at the switch edge would eliminate the downstream ability to enforce identity-based policies. TrustSec relies on propagation of SGT information across the network fabric.
Thus, B correctly describes the expected behavior of a NAD in a TrustSec deployment.
Question 22:
What occurs when an endpoint authenticates via PEAP-MSCHAPv2 and the user’s password has expired in Active Directory during Cisco ISE authentication?
A) ISE automatically resets the password and grants access
B) Authentication fails unless password-change support is configured in the identity store sequence
C) ISE bypasses AD validation and authenticates internally
D) The endpoint is forced into posture mode
Answer: B)
Explanation:
PEAP-MSCHAPv2 is a commonly used authentication protocol in enterprise networks because it integrates seamlessly with Active Directory and provides a secure tunnel for credential exchange. When Cisco ISE receives user credentials during a PEAP-MSCHAPv2 authentication attempt, it proxies the authentication information to Active Directory for credential validation. Active Directory determines whether the username and password combination is valid, whether the account is locked or disabled, and whether the user’s password meets current security requirements.
Option B is correct because if the user’s password has expired, Active Directory will reject authentication unless Cisco ISE is configured to support password-change workflows in the identity store settings. If password-change capability is enabled, ISE can notify the endpoint to prompt the user to enter a new password. After changing the password, the authentication attempt continues with updated credentials.
Option A is incorrect because Cisco ISE does not have the authority to change passwords automatically. Password management remains under the exclusive control of Active Directory.
Option C is incorrect because bypassing AD validation would compromise security. Cisco ISE cannot authenticate users locally unless explicitly configured with internal user accounts; it cannot bypass AD for domain user authentication.
Option D is irrelevant because posture evaluation does not depend on password state. Posture relates to device health, not credential freshness.
Thus, B accurately describes the condition-dependent behavior of PEAP-MSCHAPv2 in Cisco ISE authentication.
Question 23:
What is the function of a profiling policy rule within Cisco ISE’s profiling configuration?
A) To authenticate users based on device type
B) To define conditions that place an endpoint into a specific endpoint identity group
C) To assign SGT values directly
D) To enforce ACLs automatically
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Cisco ISE profiling is an intelligent mechanism that identifies devices on the network using attributes collected from various probes, such as DHCP, SNMP, HTTP, RADIUS, and network device information like CDP or LLDP. Profiling provides dynamic endpoint classification, allowing the network to automatically recognize device types such as IP phones, printers, cameras, IoT sensors, or Windows laptops. Profiling policy rules are fundamental to this process because they define the conditions under which an endpoint is classified into an endpoint identity group.
Option B is correct because profiling policy rules evaluate device attributes and then place the endpoint into a defined identity group based on matches. These identity groups can then be referenced in authorization policies to grant appropriate access or restrictions.
Option A is incorrect because authentication uses RADIUS protocols and identity stores, not profiling. Profiling only helps classify but does not authenticate.
Option C is incorrect because SGT assignment occurs during authorization, not profiling. Profiling supplies device type information that authorization policies may use but does not assign SGTs directly.
Option D is incorrect because ACL enforcement is part of authorization profiles, not profiling.
Therefore, B accurately reflects the role of profiling policy rules.
Question 24:
What must be configured on Cisco ISE to ensure TACACS+ accounting logs are sent to an external syslog server?
A) Device Administration audit configuration pointing to the external syslog target
B) RADIUS accounting settings
C) SNMP traps
D) DHCP recognition settings
Answer: A)
Explanation:
Cisco ISE supports TACACS+ for device administration, enabling centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for administrative actions performed on network devices. TACACS+ accounting logs contain critical information such as login attempts, executed commands, command failures, privilege level changes, and session durations. To ensure these logs are preserved for auditing, security monitoring, and compliance, they must be forwarded to an external syslog server.
Option A is correct because syslog settings for TACACS+ accounting are configured under the Device Administration audit and logging section in ISE. Here, administrators specify external syslog targets, protocol parameters, severity levels, and the log categories that should be forwarded.
Option B is incorrect because RADIUS accounting is separate and pertains only to network access sessions, not TACACS+ administrative sessions.
Option C is incorrect because SNMP traps are designed for device monitoring and alerts, not detailed command accounting logs.
Option D is incorrect because DHCP recognition has no interaction with TACACS+ logging and pertains only to profiling functions.
Thus, A is the correct configuration element for external TACACS+ log forwarding.
Question 25:
Which condition triggers Cisco ISE to initiate endpoint reauthentication after a posture status changes?
A) The endpoint requests a new IP address
B) The posture module notifies ISE that compliance has changed
C) The endpoint connects to a different switch port
D) The user logs out
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Posture assessment plays a critical role in enforcing network access controls based on device health. When the posture module on an endpoint, such as the AnyConnect posture agent, determines that a device has become compliant or noncompliant, it communicates this status change to Cisco ISE using RADIUS posture update messages. Cisco ISE must ensure that the network access device applies the correct authorization state based on this change.
Option B is correct because the posture compliance change triggers ISE to initiate a Change of Authorization (CoA) or reauthentication request. This forces the NAD to reevaluate the authorization policy, apply quarantine ACLs, assign remediation VLANs, or restore full access depending on the updated posture.
Option A is incorrect because DHCP-related events do not automatically trigger posture-based reauthorization.
Option C is incorrect because moving ports may trigger reauthentication, but it is not related to posture changes.
Option D is incorrect because posture is evaluated independently of user login/logout behavior.
Thus, B accurately describes ISE posture-triggered reauthentication.
Question 26:
Which method does Cisco ISE use to determine whether a downloaded ACL (dACL) was successfully applied by the network device?
A) SNMP trap feedback
B) RADIUS CoA acknowledgments
C) Syslog polling
D) The NAD sends a RADIUS ACK message confirming dACL installation
Answer: D)
Explanation:
Downloadable ACLs provide powerful flexibility by allowing Cisco ISE to dynamically push ACLs to network devices during authorization. For proper enforcement, ISE must confirm that the NAD received and applied the ACL without error.
Option D is correct because NADs send a RADIUS Access-Accept or ACK response after installing the dACL. This confirmation ensures that the device is enforcing the correct access policy for the session. ISE relies on this acknowledgment to verify that authorization changes are active.
Option A is incorrect because SNMP traps are not used for confirming dACL installation.
Option B is incorrect because CoA messages relate to authorization changes after the session has started, not dACL installation at login.
Option C is incorrect because syslog polling would be unreliable and inconsistent.
Thus, D accurately reflects the method used by ISE.
Question 27:
What occurs when a Cisco ISE authorization rule includes multiple conditions combined with AND logic?
A) Only one condition must match
B) All conditions must be true for the rule to match
C) The rule matches automatically
D) Conditions are ignored in AND logic
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Authorization rules in Cisco ISE allow for granular policy control using multiple conditions. When those conditions are joined using AND logic, ISE requires that every condition evaluate to true before the rule is considered a match.
Option B is correct because AND logic enforces strict matching. This is essential in environments where layered conditions like device type, user group, connection protocol, and posture state must all be satisfied for the device to receive a specific authorization profile.
Option A describes OR logic, not AND.
Option C is incorrect because authorization rules do not match automatically.
Option D is incorrect because AND logic enforces all conditions, not ignores them.
Thus, B describes the correct operation.
Question 28:
Which ISE feature allows third-party MDM/EMM systems to provide device compliance information to control network access?
A) Profiler feeds
B) pxGrid
C) TACACS+
D) SNMP
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “Profiler feeds,” refers to data sources used by a network access control system to identify and classify endpoints. Profiler feeds may include DHCP fingerprints, HTTP user-agent strings, CDP or LLDP information, RADIUS attributes, and traffic patterns. These feeds help determine what type of device is connecting, such as printers, IP phones, cameras, laptops, or medical equipment. Profiling plays an essential role in environments with a large variety of unmanaged or non-802.1X-capable devices. By using profiler feeds, the system can apply appropriate authorization policies automatically, improving both security and operational efficiency.
Option B, “pxGrid,” refers to a context-sharing framework used primarily in Cisco ISE environments. pxGrid enables different security systems—such as firewalls, endpoint detection platforms, SIEM tools, and threat analytics engines—to exchange information about user identity, device posture, session details, and security events. This integration allows the network to make adaptive policy decisions; for example, if an endpoint is flagged as compromised by an antivirus system, its access can be restricted automatically. pxGrid serves as a powerful tool for ecosystem-level security collaboration.
Option C, “TACACS+,” is a protocol used for authenticating and authorizing administrative access to network infrastructure devices like switches, routers, and firewalls. TACACS+ manages command-level permissions for administrators but does not identify or classify endpoints connecting to the network. Its function is entirely separate from profiling or context sharing.
Option D, “SNMP,” or Simple Network Management Protocol, is a standard protocol used for monitoring and managing network devices. SNMP can provide useful information about device status, performance, interface statistics, and hardware details. While SNMP data can sometimes assist with device inventory or basic identification, it is not typically the primary mechanism for endpoint profiling or security policy enforcement.
Together, these four items represent different technologies that support network visibility, security integration, device identification, and administrative control in distinct ways.
Question 29:
How does Cisco ISE handle a failed machine authentication when machine access restrictions are required before user login?
A) Allows full access to the user
B) Assigns a restricted authorization profile
C) Ignores machine authentication
D) Switches to guest mode automatically
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “Allows full access to the user,” refers to a scenario in which the user successfully authenticates and meets all necessary policy requirements. In many enterprise environments, full access is granted when both machine authentication and user authentication have completed properly, or when the user’s identity matches the criteria defined in the authorization rules. Full access typically includes normal VLAN assignment, unrestricted corporate network availability, and the application of any standard security controls. This result reflects the highest level of trust within the access-control framework.
Option B, “Assigns a restricted authorization profile,” indicates that the system recognizes the user but does not grant full privileges. This commonly occurs when the authentication is incomplete, partial, or does not meet posture checks. The restricted profile might assign a quarantine VLAN, downloadable ACLs limiting communication, or specific redirection rules guiding the user to remediation portals. This approach allows the user to remain connected while preventing the device from accessing sensitive internal resources until compliance issues are resolved.
Option C, “Ignores machine authentication,” describes a situation where the network policy decides not to consider whether the device itself has authenticated. This can happen if authentication rules are set to prioritize user credentials over machine identity or when device certificates are missing. Ignoring machine authentication may simplify the user onboarding process but can reduce security because it does not verify whether the endpoint is a trusted corporate asset.
Option D, “Switches to guest mode automatically,” applies when neither valid user nor machine credentials are presented. In such cases, the system can place the endpoint into a guest or limited-access environment, often through a guest VLAN or captive portal. This allows minimal access, typically to the internet or registration services, while preventing access to protected internal resources.
Question 30:
What must be configured on a switch to enable Cisco ISE’s Central Web Authentication workflow?
A) dot1x authentication only
B) AAA authorization with “authz” enabled for webauth redirect
C) RIP version 2
D) TACACS+ only
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “dot1x authentication only,” refers to an access method in which the switchport exclusively accepts 802.1X-based authentication for endpoints attempting to connect. In this configuration, the device must support 802.1X and present valid credentials before being allowed onto the network. While this approach provides strong security, it leaves no room for fallback mechanisms like MAC Authentication Bypass (MAB) or web authentication. This means devices that do not support 802.1X—such as many IoT or legacy systems—will not obtain network access, making this method impractical for diverse environments where multiple device types coexist.
Option B, “AAA authorization with ‘authz’ enabled for webauth redirect,” describes the configuration required when a switch must redirect unauthenticated users to a web portal. This method is commonly used for guest access or onboarding workflows. The switch must not only authenticate but also authorize the session in a way that triggers the redirect. By enabling authorization and configuring redirect ACLs, the switch can send HTTP/HTTPS traffic to a captive portal where users can log in, register, or accept terms of use. This approach provides flexibility for environments with guest users or BYOD devices.
Option C, “RIP version 2,” represents a routing protocol that exchanges network reachability information between routers. It has no role in wired or wireless authentication, authorization, or endpoint access control. RIP is used for routing traffic across networks, not for controlling how devices join a network.
Option D, “TACACS+ only,” refers to a protocol used primarily for administrative access to network devices. TACACS+ controls what commands administrators can run on routers, switches, and firewalls. It is not used to authenticate endpoints or redirect users to a web page. Because TACACS+ does not support web authentication or endpoint onboarding, relying on it alone would not meet the requirements of environments where device or guest access must be controlled dynamically.
These options highlight the differences between access control methods, routing protocols, and device administration functions.
Question 31:
What is the purpose of Cisco ISE Endpoint Identity Groups in policy enforcement?
A) To provide VLAN assignment
B) To logically categorize endpoints for use in authorization policies
C) To authenticate users
D) To replace profiling
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “To provide VLAN assignment,” refers to the idea that endpoint identity groups might be used to determine which VLAN a device should be placed in. While it is true that authorization rules can use group membership to assign VLANs, the primary purpose of identity groups is not VLAN assignment itself. VLAN assignment is just one of many possible actions that may be applied after group-based classification. Therefore, this option is possible but not the main reason identity groups exist.
Option B, “To logically categorize endpoints for use in authorization policies,” describes the real core purpose of endpoint identity groups. These groups allow administrators to organize devices into meaningful categories such as corporate laptops, printers, IP phones, medical devices, personal devices, or IoT sensors. Once categorized, these groups can be referenced in authorization policy rules to apply differentiated access control, downloadable ACLs, security group tags, VLAN assignments, or other policy actions. This logical grouping makes policy design cleaner, more scalable, and easier to maintain, because administrators do not need to create individual rules for every single MAC address or device type.
Option C, “To authenticate users,” is not correct because endpoint identity groups do not perform authentication at all. Authentication is handled through protocols such as 802.1X, MAB, or web authentication using RADIUS or certificate-based methods. Identity groups do not verify credentials or establish trust; they simply classify endpoints after authentication has occurred or based on profiling.
Option D, “To replace profiling,” is also incorrect. Profiling is a separate feature that identifies what type of device is connecting by analyzing DHCP options, CDP/LLDP information, MAC OUI, and traffic patterns. Endpoint identity groups may use profiling results as input, but they do not replace profiling. Instead, profiling helps automatically place endpoints into the appropriate identity group.
These options illustrate that identity groups serve as an organizational and policy-building mechanism rather than a replacement for authentication or profiling.
Question 32:
Which type of authentication does Cisco ISE perform when using EAP-FAST with EAP chaining?
A) Machine authentication followed by user authentication within the same session
B) Machine authentication only
C) User authentication only
D) No authentication
Answer: A)
Explanation:
Option A, “Machine authentication followed by user authentication within the same session,” describes what is commonly known as machine-then-user authentication. This is a standard approach in 802.1X-enabled enterprise environments, especially when using EAP-TLS or PEAP. First, the device itself authenticates using computer credentials stored in Active Directory or a certificate issued to the machine. This ensures that only corporate-managed devices can attach to the network. Once the user logs in, a second authentication occurs based on the user’s identity. This layered approach allows the network to apply different authorization rules depending on both the device trust level and the user who is operating it. It is frequently used when applying differentiated access policies or TrustSec tags.
Option B, “Machine authentication only,” refers to scenarios where the network grants access solely based on the device’s identity. This is sometimes used for devices without interactive logins, such as servers, kiosks, or IoT devices like printers and scanners. In these cases, user authentication is irrelevant, so only the device certificate or machine account determines authorization.
Option C, “User authentication only,” is common when the endpoint does not support machine authentication or when the security model focuses exclusively on user identity. This occurs frequently in BYOD or guest environments, laptops not joined to a domain, or situations using credentials rather than certificates. While simpler, it provides less assurance that the device itself is trusted.
Option D, “No authentication,” is typically associated with open networks or fallback modes such as unauthenticated VLANs, guest networks, or emergency fail-open conditions. In this mode, the endpoint is allowed onto the network without presenting identity credentials. Although convenient, it offers minimal security and is normally used only for limited-access contexts.
These four options reflect different access-control strategies depending on device type, security requirements, and enterprise policy design.
Question 33:
Which Cisco ISE component handles administrative logins for device administration using TACACS+?
A) Network Access Work Centers
B) Device Administration Work Center
C) Guest Access Work Center
D) pxGrid Services
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “Network Access Work Centers,” refers to the primary area within Cisco ISE used for configuring and managing policies that control how endpoints and users gain access to the network. This section includes policy sets, authentication rules, authorization rules, profiling, posture, and related components. Administrators use it to define how wired, wireless, and VPN connections should be authenticated and what permissions should be granted once identity is verified. It is the core area for deploying 802.1X, MAB, EAP methods, and dynamic authorization using ISE as the policy decision point.
Option B, “Device Administration Work Center,” focuses on the management and control of administrative access to network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls. Here, ISE acts as a TACACS+ server, enforcing command authorization and tracking administrative actions. This work center is dedicated to securing access to the network infrastructure itself rather than managing endpoint access. Features include command sets, shell profiles, device groups, and audit logs for device administration sessions.
Option C, “Guest Access Work Center,” is used for configuring guest portals, sponsor portals, and temporary access services for visitors. This work center allows administrators to design captive portals, create Wi-Fi access policies for guests, configure onboarding processes, and manage sponsor users responsible for approving guest accounts. It supports customized branding, SMS or email credential delivery, and time-limited access.
Option D, “pxGrid Services,” represents the work center responsible for configuring data-sharing integrations with third-party security tools. pxGrid facilitates the exchange of identity, posture, and session information with firewalls, SIEM systems, endpoint protection platforms, and other ecosystem partners. This integration helps create an adaptive security environment where multiple systems can coordinate based on user identity and device context.
Together, these work centers represent the main functional pillars of Cisco ISE, separating network access control, device administration, guest services, and ecosystem integration into distinct operational domains.
Question 34:
Which behavior occurs when an endpoint is flagged as high-risk by pxGrid-integrated threat intelligence?
A) ISE ignores the risk status
B) ISE can reassign authorization to a quarantine profile
C) The endpoint is deleted
D) The user password is reset
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “ISE ignores the risk status,” refers to a scenario in which the identity services engine does not take any action based on the risk information it receives. This could occur if the deployment has not enabled adaptive policy controls, if external risk feeds are not integrated, or if administrators intentionally choose to allow access regardless of security posture. While this approach maintains uninterrupted connectivity, it offers no protection against compromised or unsafe endpoints and is generally considered unsuitable for sensitive or regulated environments.
Option B, “ISE can reassign authorization to a quarantine profile,” describes a common and recommended response when an endpoint is identified as risky or non-compliant. A quarantine profile typically moves the device into a restricted VLAN, applies a downloadable ACL with limited access, or redirects the user to a remediation portal. This allows the network to contain potential threats while still giving the user a path to resolve the issue. Quarantine logic is central to adaptive network control and helps reduce the risk of malware spread or data exposure.
Option C, “The endpoint is deleted,” refers to removing the device record from ISE’s database. This is not a typical automated response to risk, since deleting an endpoint does not mitigate the threat and may cause confusion during future authentications. While administrators may manually delete endpoints for cleanup or troubleshooting, it is not a standard risk-handling action.
Option D, “The user password is reset,” does not represent a typical action triggered by endpoint risk. Password resets are handled by identity management systems such as Active Directory or an identity provider, not by ISE directly. Additionally, endpoint risk generally reflects device posture rather than user credential compromise, so resetting the password would not address the core issue.
These options illustrate the range of possible reactions to endpoint risk signals, with quarantine being the most effective and commonly implemented approach.
Question 35:
How does Cisco ISE identify a printer that authenticates using MAB?
A) By username only
B) Through profiling attributes such as CDP, LLDP, and DHCP fingerprints
C) Through EAP-TLS
D) Through posture compliance
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “By username only,” refers to identifying an endpoint or user solely through the credentials the individual provides during the authentication process. This is the most basic level of identity verification, relying on a username that corresponds to an account in an authentication database such as Active Directory or an identity provider. While this method confirms who the user claims to be, it does not provide any information about the physical device they are using. As a result, relying on username alone offers limited visibility and may not be sufficient for environments where device identity or security posture also matters.
Option B, “Through profiling attributes such as CDP, LLDP, and DHCP fingerprints,” describes a method for discovering what type of device is connecting to the network without requiring user input. Profiling analyzes characteristics such as Cisco Discovery Protocol information, Link Layer Discovery Protocol data, DHCP options, MAC OUI, and overall traffic patterns. These attributes reveal whether the device is a phone, printer, camera, laptop, or other device class. Profiling is especially useful for identifying headless devices that cannot perform 802.1X authentication.
Option C, “Through EAP-TLS,” refers to mutual certificate-based authentication. In this scenario, the client presents a device or user certificate signed by a trusted certificate authority. The identity service examines the certificate to determine who or what the endpoint is. EAP-TLS is considered one of the strongest methods of authentication because it prevents credential theft and verifies both sides of the communication.
Option D, “Through posture compliance,” identifies an endpoint based on its security condition. This involves evaluating the device’s antivirus status, operating system patches, disk encryption, and other health-related attributes. While posture alone does not reveal the device’s identity, it provides valuable context that helps determine access privileges and overall trustworthiness.
These methods collectively illustrate the various ways a network can identify and classify endpoints to apply appropriate access controls and security policies.
Question 36:
What function does the Cisco ISE Certificate Authority (SCEP RA) serve in BYOD workflows?
A) Distributes TACACS+ command sets
B) Issues certificates to BYOD endpoints for EAP-TLS authentication
C) Manages posture modules
D) Assigns ACLs
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “Distributes TACACS+ command sets,” refers to a function typically handled by a device administration system such as Cisco ISE or another TACACS+ server. This role involves defining which administrative commands or privilege levels a network engineer is permitted to use on network equipment. Command sets are created to limit or grant specific capabilities; for example, some administrators may only be allowed to view configurations, while others can make full changes. The TACACS+ server then distributes these command sets when users authenticate to switches, routers, or firewalls. This ensures consistent enforcement of administrative permissions across the network infrastructure.
Option B, “Issues certificates to BYOD endpoints for EAP-TLS authentication,” describes a capability commonly associated with certificate provisioning and onboarding services. In BYOD (bring your own device) environments, users onboard personal devices through portals that install configuration profiles and client certificates. These certificates allow devices to authenticate securely using EAP-TLS, which relies on mutual certificate-based authentication rather than passwords. Issuing and managing certificates helps maintain strong identity assurance while simplifying user access.
Option C, “Manages posture modules,” relates to systems that perform device posture assessment. This includes evaluating endpoint compliance factors such as antivirus status, OS patches, disk encryption, or running services. The system must distribute posture agents, update posture modules, and enforce remediation workflows. Managing posture is essential for ensuring that devices meet security requirements before they are granted full network access.
Option D, “Assigns ACLs,” refers to applying access control lists based on the authentication and authorization outcome. A central policy engine can dynamically assign downloadable ACLs or VLAN-specific ACLs to endpoints depending on their identity, device type, or compliance posture. This allows fine-grained traffic control without manually configuring ACLs on every switch port.
Together, these items describe roles performed by centralized policy and identity services to secure and manage both administrative access and endpoint connectivity.
Question 37:
Which protocol does Cisco ISE rely on when performing RADIUS-based posture assessment with AnyConnect?
A) TACACS+
B) RADIUS
C) SNMP
D) GRE
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “TACACS+,” refers to the Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus protocol, a widely used method for authenticating and authorizing administrative access to network devices. TACACS+ separates authentication, authorization, and accounting, which gives network administrators detailed control over what commands each user can execute on routers, switches, firewalls, and other infrastructure. It is commonly preferred for device management because it encrypts the entire session payload, not just the password, providing strong security for administrative control.
Option B, “RADIUS,” stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service and is one of the most common protocols used for authenticating endpoint devices and users joining a network. RADIUS is typically used with 802.1X, wireless authentication, VPN access, and wired NAC environments. Unlike TACACS+, RADIUS combines authentication and authorization into a single process. It encrypts only the password field, not the whole packet, but it provides extensive flexibility for applying dynamic policies, VLAN assignments, and access restrictions.
Option C, “SNMP,” or Simple Network Management Protocol, is used for monitoring, management, and configuration reporting on network devices. SNMP is not an authentication protocol. Instead, it allows network management systems to pull status information, track performance, and receive alerts. Although important for visibility and automation, SNMP does not authenticate users or endpoints in the way TACACS+ or RADIUS does.
Option D, “GRE,” short for Generic Routing Encapsulation, is a tunneling protocol used to encapsulate packets inside other packets. GRE is commonly used to create logical point-to-point links, support VPNs, or transport multicast traffic over otherwise incompatible networks. It does not provide authentication or authorization; instead, it functions purely as a method of encapsulation and transportation.
Together, these options represent very different technologies with distinct purposes: TACACS+ and RADIUS for authentication, SNMP for management, and GRE for tunneling.
Question 38:
What effect does enabling session caching have on Cisco ISE authentication performance?
A) Slower processing
B) Faster reauthentication by reusing previous session data
C) No impact
D) Disables posture
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “Slower processing,” refers to situations where the switch or authentication server must perform a full 802.1X or posture evaluation cycle every time the endpoint reconnects or transitions between states. When session caching or fast reauthentication is not used, the device’s credentials, posture status, and associated attributes must be re-evaluated from scratch. This results in longer delays before full network access is granted. Slower processing can affect user experience, particularly in environments with frequent disconnects, roaming events, or high endpoint density.
Option B, “Faster reauthentication by reusing previous session data,” describes the benefit of session caching or fast reauthentication mechanisms. In this scenario, the switch and authentication server avoid repeating the entire authentication or posture assessment process by referencing previously validated information. When certain conditions are met—such as the endpoint’s identity, MAC address, or session token remaining consistent—the system can rapidly authorize the device. This greatly improves efficiency and reduces disruption for users moving between access points or recovering from brief network interruptions.
Option C, “No impact,” represents cases where an optimization feature such as session caching or fast reauthentication does not materially change the authentication process. This may occur when the network design, policy configuration, or device behavior does not rely on the feature. The endpoint experiences normal authentication behavior without noticeable improvement or degradation.
Option D, “Disables posture,” refers to scenarios where fast reauthentication or session caching bypasses posture checks. Posture validation normally evaluates security-related attributes such as antivirus status, OS patch level, or running services. When posture is disabled or skipped due to optimization features, the network may rely solely on identity-based authorization. While this can speed up access, it may reduce security visibility if not planned carefully.
These outcomes illustrate how authentication optimizations influence endpoint behavior, performance, and security posture within a controlled network environment.
Question 39:
Which Cisco ISE feature ensures that a wired IP phone receives voice VLAN placement during authentication?
A) PXE boot detection
B) Profiling combined with authorization rules referencing endpoint identity groups
C) TACACS+ profiles
D) TrustSec SGT tags alone
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Option A, “PXE boot detection,” refers to the switch or network access control system identifying endpoints that are attempting to boot using the Preboot Execution Environment. This method is useful in environments where devices such as desktops or thin clients need to download an operating system image from the network during startup. PXE traffic has distinctive characteristics, and some NAC systems can detect these patterns to classify the device’s state. However, PXE detection alone does not provide a complete picture of the device’s identity or long-term network role; it is generally used only during provisioning or imaging phases.
Option B, “Profiling combined with authorization rules referencing endpoint identity groups,” describes a more comprehensive and dynamic approach to device classification. Profiling examines traffic patterns, protocols, and device attributes to identify what type of device is connecting, such as printers, IP phones, cameras, or personal laptops. Once the device is classified, authorization rules can assign it to an endpoint identity group. These groups are then used to apply tailored network access policies. This approach is robust because it provides ongoing assessment and can adapt as devices change behavior or characteristics.
Option C, “TACACS+ profiles,” relates to the authentication and authorization of administrative users rather than endpoints. TACACS+ is typically used to control access to network equipment by administrators, defining what commands or privilege levels they are permitted to use. While crucial for device management security, TACACS+ profiles do not classify or authorize endpoint devices joining the network and therefore are not typically used for endpoint-based access decisions.
Option D, “TrustSec SGT tags alone,” refers to using Security Group Tags assigned through Cisco TrustSec as the sole method of defining access. While SGTs are powerful for enforcing segmentation and policy across the network, using tags alone without proper endpoint identification or profiling can lead to overly broad or inaccurate access permissions. SGTs work best when combined with identity, profiling, or contextual authorization logic that ensures each device receives the correct tag based on its real classification.
These four items represent distinct mechanisms, each serving different purposes in how devices or users are identified, organized, and controlled within a secure network environment.
Option A, “PXE boot detection,” refers to the switch or network access control system identifying endpoints that are attempting to boot using the Preboot Execution Environment. This method is useful in environments where devices such as desktops or thin clients need to download an operating system image from the network during startup. PXE traffic has distinctive characteristics, and some NAC systems can detect these patterns to classify the device’s state. However, PXE detection alone does not provide a complete picture of the device’s identity or long-term network role; it is generally used only during provisioning or imaging phases.
Option B, “Profiling combined with authorization rules referencing endpoint identity groups,” describes a more comprehensive and dynamic approach to device classification. Profiling examines traffic patterns, protocols, and device attributes to identify what type of device is connecting, such as printers, IP phones, cameras, or personal laptops. Once the device is classified, authorization rules can assign it to an endpoint identity group. These groups are then used to apply tailored network access policies. This approach is robust because it provides ongoing assessment and can adapt as devices change behavior or characteristics.
Option C, “TACACS+ profiles,” relates to the authentication and authorization of administrative users rather than endpoints. TACACS+ is typically used to control access to network equipment by administrators, defining what commands or privilege levels they are permitted to use. While crucial for device management security, TACACS+ profiles do not classify or authorize endpoint devices joining the network and therefore are not typically used for endpoint-based access decisions.
Option D, “TrustSec SGT tags alone,” refers to using Security Group Tags assigned through Cisco TrustSec as the sole method of defining access. While SGTs are powerful for enforcing segmentation and policy across the network, using tags alone without proper endpoint identification or profiling can lead to overly broad or inaccurate access permissions. SGTs work best when combined with identity, profiling, or contextual authorization logic that ensures each device receives the correct tag based on its real classification.
These four items represent distinct mechanisms, each serving different purposes in how devices or users are identified, organized, and controlled within a secure network environment.
Question 40:
What happens when a NAD fails to reach Cisco ISE during the authentication of a device relying on MAB?
A) The endpoint gains full access
B) The switch may apply a critical-auth VLAN if configured
C) The switch deletes the MAC address
D) The endpoint automatically receives guest access
Answer: B)
Explanation:
When an endpoint attempts to join a network protected through 802.1X or another network access control method, several outcomes are possible depending on the authentication result and the switch’s configuration. In the case described by option A, “The endpoint gains full access,” the endpoint has successfully authenticated. This means it has provided valid credentials, such
as a certificate or username and password, and the RADIUS server responds with an Access-Accept message. The switch then authorizes the port and applies whatever access policies, VLAN assignments, or QoS settings the administrator has defined. The endpoint is treated as a trusted device and is allowed normal connectivity to internal network resources.
Option B, “The switch may apply a critical-auth VLAN if configured,” occurs when the authentication server is unreachable or failing to respond. Some switches support a fallback mode known as critical authentication. Instead of blocking the device entirely, the switch places it into a special VLAN so it can reach essential services, remediation servers, or support resources. This helps maintain business continuity when RADIUS infrastructure experiences problems.
Option C, “The switch deletes the MAC address,” describes what happens when a session ends, the device disconnects, or authentication fails. The switch clears the MAC entry from its table so no stale information remains. This ensures the next connection attempt triggers a fresh authentication process.
Option D, “The endpoint automatically receives guest access,” applies when authentication fails but a guest VLAN is configured. The device is placed into a limited-access network, often providing only internet connectivity or a captive portal for registration.
Together, these possibilities illustrate how switches enforce security while maintaining flexibility for different authentication outcomes.
