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Question 41
A multinational company plans to deploy an AWS-based network architecture to interconnect multiple VPCs across regions, multiple accounts, and on-premises environments. They require centralized routing, traffic inspection, automated failover, and detailed monitoring for compliance and auditing. Which architecture best meets these requirements?
A) Use VPC Peering connections between each VPC and configure security groups individually
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, AWS Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Configure multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing between each VPC and on-premises networks
D) Establish Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a scalable, secure, and highly available network for a multinational organization with multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises environments requires a solution that addresses several critical requirements: centralized routing, centralized traffic inspection, automated failover, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and comprehensive monitoring for compliance. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging provides the most effective solution.
Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub that enables connectivity between multiple VPCs and on-premises networks in a hub-and-spoke architecture. This centralization simplifies routing by allowing transitive routing between all attached networks without the need for creating numerous VPC Peering connections. Using inter-region peering, traffic between VPCs in different AWS regions can flow over AWS’s private backbone, which provides low-latency, high-throughput, and secure connectivity, avoiding the unreliability of internet-based connections.
Security is consolidated through AWS Network Firewall, which enables traffic inspection, packet filtering, intrusion detection, and segmentation at a central point. This ensures uniform security enforcement across all accounts, regions, and VPCs. Relying on security groups or local firewalls per VPC increases administrative overhead and risks inconsistent policy application, making centralized inspection far more effective.
For operational monitoring and compliance, CloudWatch centralized logging allows organizations to collect, analyze, and visualize metrics and logs from all VPCs, Transit Gateway, and Network Firewall. Centralized logs facilitate real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, security auditing, and regulatory compliance reporting. Without centralized logging, monitoring multiple accounts and regions becomes highly complex, prone to oversight, and difficult to manage efficiently.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual security groups, is not scalable for global architectures. The number of peering connections grows exponentially with the number of VPCs, leading to complex routing tables and potential misconfigurations. Security enforcement becomes decentralized, making consistent policy application challenging.
Option C), Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, which introduces unpredictable latency, packet loss, and limited throughput. Manual failover and decentralized routing increase operational complexity and reduce overall network reliability.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, centralized security inspection, and unified monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits per VPC across regions and accounts is operationally expensive and error-prone.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, organizations can create a resilient, scalable, and secure multi-account, multi-region hybrid cloud network. This architecture simplifies management, improves security enforcement, ensures automated failover, and provides visibility for auditing and compliance purposes, making it the ideal design for enterprise-level AWS network deployments.
Question 42
A global enterprise is designing a high-availability AWS network architecture connecting multiple VPCs across regions and accounts, as well as on-premises networks. They need centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and continuous monitoring for compliance. Which solution is most suitable?
A) Connect all VPCs using VPC Peering and configure security groups individually
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Configure multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Implement Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
When designing a high-availability global AWS network architecture with multiple accounts, VPCs, and on-premises networks, organizations require a solution that provides centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized operational monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging meets all these requirements.
Transit Gateway enables centralized routing in a hub-and-spoke model, where multiple VPCs and on-premises networks can communicate efficiently through a single hub. This eliminates the complexity of maintaining numerous VPC Peering connections, which become increasingly unmanageable as the number of VPCs grows. Inter-region peering allows traffic between VPCs in different regions to traverse AWS’s private backbone, ensuring high-speed, low-latency, and reliable connectivity while avoiding public internet routes.
AWS Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection, including intrusion detection, segmentation, and packet filtering. This ensures consistent security enforcement across all VPCs and regions. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC increases operational overhead and risks inconsistent security policies. A centralized approach simplifies management while meeting enterprise-grade security requirements.
CloudWatch centralized logging enables organizations to collect metrics, logs, and events from all connected resources in a unified platform. This supports real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance monitoring, and compliance reporting, providing full visibility into network activity. Without centralized logging, organizations would need to aggregate and correlate logs manually across multiple accounts, regions, and VPCs, which is time-consuming and error-prone.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual security groups, is not scalable. Managing peering connections and security rules for each VPC pair becomes cumbersome, especially in multi-account, multi-region environments. Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, resulting in unpredictable latency and limited throughput. Manual failover adds complexity and reduces availability. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and unified monitoring.
By implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, organizations can achieve a scalable, secure, and highly available global network. This architecture enables centralized management, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and comprehensive monitoring for operational efficiency and compliance.
Question 43
A company with multiple AWS accounts, regional VPCs, and on-premises networks requires a scalable solution for centralized routing, automated failover, security inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and detailed monitoring. Which architecture best satisfies these requirements?
A) Connect all VPCs using VPC Peering with individual firewalls per VPC
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Establish multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Create Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a company managing multi-account and multi-region AWS deployments with on-premises connectivity, an optimal solution must provide centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for compliance and operations. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging delivers these capabilities effectively.
Transit Gateway provides centralized hub-and-spoke routing, allowing multiple VPCs and on-premises networks to communicate without creating complex VPC Peering meshes. This approach simplifies management and allows scaling as additional VPCs or accounts are added. Inter-region peering ensures traffic between VPCs in different regions travels over AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, high-throughput, and reliable connectivity compared to public internet paths.
Network Firewall offers centralized traffic inspection, segmentation, and intrusion detection for all attached VPCs. Centralized firewalls enforce uniform security policies across multiple accounts and regions, reducing operational complexity and ensuring consistent policy application. Relying on firewalls per VPC increases administrative overhead and can result in inconsistent configurations.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates logs and metrics from the Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. Centralized monitoring supports real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance analysis, and compliance auditing, ensuring organizations can maintain visibility and quickly respond to incidents. Without centralized monitoring, each VPC or region would require manual log collection, increasing operational burden.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls, does not scale effectively in multi-region environments. Managing numerous peering connections and local security rules becomes unwieldy. Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routing, introduces variability in latency, potential packet loss, and manual failover complexity. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and unified monitoring, increasing operational overhead.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging results in a scalable, secure, and highly available global network architecture. It ensures low-latency connectivity, centralized security enforcement, automated failover, and comprehensive monitoring, making it the most appropriate solution for enterprise multi-account, multi-region deployments.
Question 44
A global enterprise is planning a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple AWS accounts, regional VPCs, and on-premises networks. The network must provide centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which solution is optimal?
A) VPC Peering with security groups per VPC
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple accounts, regions, and on-premises environments, an effective solution must meet several enterprise requirements: centralized routing, automated failover, security inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for compliance. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging provides all these capabilities efficiently.
Transit Gateway serves as a centralized hub, enabling multiple VPCs and on-premises networks to communicate seamlessly in a hub-and-spoke model. This design simplifies routing, reduces operational complexity, and supports transitive connectivity, unlike VPC Peering, which requires individual connections between VPCs and does not scale efficiently. Inter-region peering enables traffic between VPCs in different regions to traverse AWS’s private backbone, ensuring low-latency, high-throughput, and secure inter-region communication.
Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection and security enforcement for all connected VPCs and networks. It supports intrusion detection, packet filtering, and segmentation, ensuring uniform policy enforcement. Deploying local firewalls per VPC increases administrative burden and introduces risks of inconsistent configurations.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates metrics and logs from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. Centralized monitoring allows real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, and compliance auditing, providing full visibility across multi-account, multi-region environments. Without centralized logging, each VPC or account would require separate monitoring, increasing operational effort and reducing visibility.
Option A), VPC Peering with local security groups, is not scalable and complicates policy enforcement. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, which introduces unpredictable latency, potential packet loss, and manual failover complexity. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring, leading to operational inefficiency.
Implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging ensures a scalable, secure, resilient, and fully monitored hybrid cloud network. It meets enterprise requirements for routing, security, availability, inter-region performance, and compliance, making it the optimal solution for global, multi-account, multi-region deployments.
Question 45
A multinational company requires a network architecture connecting multiple AWS accounts, VPCs across regions, and on-premises networks. The network must offer centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for regulatory compliance. Which architecture best meets these criteria?
A) VPC Peering with individual security groups per VPC
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a multinational enterprise network architecture that spans multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises networks requires a solution that provides centralized routing, automated failover, centralized traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and detailed monitoring for compliance. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging meets all these requirements and represents best practice for enterprise-scale hybrid cloud networks.
Transit Gateway acts as a central hub for routing, connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks in a scalable hub-and-spoke architecture. Unlike VPC Peering, which requires creating separate connections for each VPC pair, Transit Gateway simplifies routing, enables transitive connectivity, and scales seamlessly as new accounts, VPCs, or regions are added. Inter-region peering ensures traffic between VPCs in different regions travels over AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, high-throughput, and reliable connectivity, avoiding the limitations and unpredictability of internet-based routes.
Network Firewall ensures centralized traffic inspection, policy enforcement, intrusion detection, segmentation, and packet filtering. Centralized inspection simplifies management and enforces consistent security policies across all VPCs, accounts, and regions. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC increases operational complexity and risk of misconfigurations.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates logs and metrics from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. This enables real-time monitoring, alerting, operational troubleshooting, and compliance auditing, ensuring organizations have complete visibility into network traffic, latency, and security events. Without centralized logging, monitoring multiple VPCs and regions would require manual aggregation, increasing operational overhead.
Option A), VPC Peering with local security groups, is difficult to scale in multi-region, multi-account deployments and complicates policy enforcement. Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routing, depends on public internet connectivity, which is less reliable and introduces latency variability. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, increasing complexity and risk.
By implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, enterprises achieve a secure, scalable, highly available, and fully monitored hybrid cloud network. This architecture simplifies routing, enforces consistent security policies, ensures automated failover, provides low-latency inter-region communication, and supports operational efficiency and regulatory compliance, making it the optimal solution for multinational organizations.
Question 46
A company operates multiple AWS accounts, VPCs in different regions, and hybrid connections to on-premises networks. They need centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and continuous compliance monitoring. Which solution best fulfills these requirements?
A) Connect all VPCs using individual VPC Peering connections and configure separate firewalls per VPC
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Configure multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Implement Direct Connect circuits for every VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a scalable, highly available network architecture for a multinational enterprise with multiple AWS accounts, regional VPCs, and hybrid on-premises connectivity requires addressing several critical challenges: centralized routing, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance and operational insights. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging offers a solution that effectively meets all of these needs.
AWS Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub for connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks, enabling transitive routing across all attached networks. Unlike VPC Peering, which requires creating individual point-to-point connections between each VPC, Transit Gateway provides a scalable hub-and-spoke model. This drastically reduces routing complexity as the network grows. Additionally, inter-region peering allows VPCs in different regions to communicate over AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, secure, and high-throughput inter-region traffic flow that avoids the unpredictability and performance variability of internet-based routes.
Network Firewall offers centralized traffic inspection, segmentation, intrusion detection, and filtering capabilities. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC increases operational overhead and risks inconsistent policy enforcement. A centralized firewall ensures that security policies are uniformly applied across accounts and regions, reducing compliance risk and simplifying administrative tasks. Centralized inspection also supports advanced enterprise security requirements such as intrusion detection, anomaly detection, and packet-level monitoring.
CloudWatch centralized logging enables aggregation of metrics, logs, and operational data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and all connected VPCs. This centralized approach allows for real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance monitoring, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, organizations would need to manually consolidate logs from multiple accounts, regions, and VPCs, increasing operational complexity and the risk of missing critical events.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, does not scale well for multi-account or multi-region architectures. Managing many peering connections and individual firewalls increases administrative effort, complicates routing, and can result in inconsistent security enforcement. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on the public internet, introducing latency variability, limited bandwidth, and manual failover complexity. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and monitoring, increasing operational overhead and risk.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, enterprises achieve a secure, scalable, highly available, and fully monitored network architecture. This solution ensures centralized routing, low-latency inter-region connectivity, consistent security enforcement, automated failover, and robust compliance monitoring, making it ideal for multinational organizations with complex hybrid cloud requirements.
Question 47
A global enterprise needs a network architecture connecting multiple AWS accounts, regional VPCs, and on-premises data centers. The architecture must provide centralized routing, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for auditing. Which solution meets these requirements most effectively?
A) Use VPC Peering with individual security groups per VPC
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Configure multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Establish Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Creating a highly available, scalable global network for a multinational enterprise with multiple AWS accounts, VPCs across regions, and hybrid on-premises networks requires a solution that balances routing efficiency, security, failover, latency, and centralized monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging fulfills all these requirements effectively.
Transit Gateway functions as a central hub for connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks in a hub-and-spoke model, simplifying routing across accounts and regions. This approach allows for transitive routing, enabling any VPC or on-premises network connected to the Transit Gateway to communicate with any other connected network without creating multiple point-to-point connections. Inter-region peering enhances this setup by enabling low-latency, high-bandwidth, and secure communication between VPCs located in different regions. This eliminates reliance on the public internet, which can be unreliable and introduces unpredictable latency.
Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection and security policy enforcement. It allows enterprises to apply consistent security controls across multiple accounts and regions, including intrusion detection, segmentation, and packet filtering. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC increases administrative complexity and risks inconsistent enforcement of policies, making centralized inspection essential for enterprises concerned with compliance and operational efficiency.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates operational metrics, security logs, and monitoring data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. This centralization supports real-time monitoring, alerting, troubleshooting, performance analysis, and regulatory compliance auditing. Without a centralized logging mechanism, organizations must manually consolidate data from multiple VPCs and regions, which is labor-intensive and increases the likelihood of missing critical operational or security events.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual security groups, does not scale efficiently for global multi-account deployments and creates complex routing and administrative overhead. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, making failover and latency management challenging. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and monitoring capabilities, leading to increased operational complexity and reduced observability.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, organizations can achieve a scalable, secure, and resilient global network. This architecture simplifies routing, enforces consistent security, provides automated failover, enables low-latency inter-region communication, and ensures complete visibility for monitoring and compliance, making it the ideal solution for multinational enterprises.
Question 48
An enterprise is planning a hybrid network architecture connecting multiple AWS accounts, VPCs in different regions, and on-premises data centers. The network must provide centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for auditing and compliance. Which solution is most appropriate?
A) Connect VPCs using individual VPC Peering connections with separate firewalls per VPC
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Configure multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Implement Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a hybrid, enterprise-grade network architecture for multiple accounts, regions, and on-premises environments requires a solution that supports centralized routing, low-latency inter-region communication, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring for compliance. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging is the optimal architecture to meet these requirements.
Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub, enabling communication between multiple VPCs and on-premises networks using a hub-and-spoke model. This architecture simplifies routing, supports transitive connectivity, and eliminates the need for multiple VPC Peering connections, which become unmanageable as the number of VPCs increases. Inter-region peering allows VPCs in different AWS regions to communicate over AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, high-bandwidth, and secure inter-region communication while avoiding the limitations of public internet connectivity.
Network Firewall offers centralized traffic inspection, segmentation, intrusion detection, and packet filtering. By centralizing inspection, enterprises ensure consistent policy enforcement across accounts and regions, reducing administrative overhead and compliance risks. Deploying firewalls per VPC creates inconsistent policy enforcement and increases operational complexity.
CloudWatch centralized logging consolidates logs and metrics from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. This centralized monitoring allows real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance analysis, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, organizations would need to manually collect logs from each account, VPC, and region, increasing operational burden and risk of missing critical events.
Option A), individual VPC Peering connections with per-VPC firewalls, does not scale efficiently and increases administrative complexity. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, which introduces unpredictable latency, potential packet loss, and manual failover complexity. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and monitoring, making operational management difficult.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging ensures a scalable, secure, resilient, and fully monitored hybrid network architecture. This design enables centralized routing, consistent security enforcement, automated failover, low-latency inter-region communication, and comprehensive monitoring for compliance and operational efficiency, making it the preferred choice for enterprise-scale networks.
Question 49
A multinational company wants a network connecting multiple AWS accounts, VPCs in different regions, and on-premises data centers. The network must provide centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which solution is most effective?
A) VPC Peering with individual security groups per VPC
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a global enterprise network spanning multiple accounts, VPCs across regions, and hybrid on-premises environments, the network must provide centralized routing, automated failover, low-latency inter-region connectivity, consistent security inspection, and centralized monitoring for compliance and operational visibility. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging fulfills all these requirements.
Transit Gateway acts as a central hub for routing, connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks in a hub-and-spoke architecture. This allows transitive routing, where any attached network can communicate with any other without creating multiple VPC Peering connections. Inter-region peering ensures traffic between regions flows over AWS’s private backbone, providing high-throughput, low-latency, and secure communication, which is essential for enterprise workloads requiring predictable performance.
Network Firewall centralizes traffic inspection and policy enforcement, enabling consistent security across accounts, regions, and VPCs. Features such as intrusion detection, segmentation, and packet filtering reduce compliance risk and simplify administrative management. Local firewalls per VPC are harder to manage, prone to misconfigurations, and inconsistent.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates logs and metrics from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and VPCs, allowing real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance monitoring, and compliance auditing. Without central logging, organizations must manually collect and consolidate data, which increases operational overhead and risk of missing important events.
Option A), VPC Peering with per-VPC security groups, does not scale well for multi-account and multi-region deployments and increases routing and administrative complexity. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on public internet paths, introducing latency variability, limited throughput, and manual failover challenges. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and monitoring, increasing complexity and reducing visibility.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging enables a scalable, secure, highly available, and fully monitored global network. This design simplifies routing, ensures consistent security, provides automated failover, enables low-latency inter-region connectivity, and supports operational efficiency and regulatory compliance, making it the most effective solution for multinational enterprises.
Question 50
A multinational organization needs a hybrid network connecting multiple AWS accounts, regional VPCs, and on-premises data centers. The network must ensure centralized routing, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which architecture is optimal?
A) VPC Peering with separate firewalls per VPC
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a hybrid global network architecture for multiple AWS accounts, VPCs across regions, and on-premises data centers requires a solution that addresses centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging is the optimal solution because it meets all these requirements effectively.
Transit Gateway provides a centralized hub-and-spoke routing model for connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. This hub enables transitive routing, eliminating the need for numerous individual VPC Peering connections. Inter-region peering allows VPCs in different regions to communicate over AWS’s private backbone, offering high throughput, low latency, and secure communication. This ensures enterprise workloads experience consistent performance while avoiding the unpredictability of public internet connectivity.
Network Firewall centralizes traffic inspection, segmentation, intrusion detection, and policy enforcement. Centralized inspection ensures consistent security across accounts, regions, and VPCs, reducing operational complexity and compliance risk. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC increases the administrative burden and the likelihood of misconfigurations, potentially exposing the enterprise to security threats.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates metrics and logs from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and VPCs. Centralized monitoring allows real-time alerting, troubleshooting, performance analysis, and compliance auditing, providing full operational visibility. Without centralized logging, enterprises must manually consolidate logs from multiple accounts and regions, which is time-consuming and error-prone.
Option A), VPC Peering with per-VPC firewalls, does not scale efficiently for multi-region, multi-account deployments and complicates routing and security management. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, resulting in variable latency and bandwidth limitations. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring, increasing operational complexity and risk.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, enterprises achieve a scalable, secure, resilient, and fully monitored hybrid cloud network. This design ensures centralized routing, consistent security enforcement, automated failover, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and comprehensive monitoring, making it the ideal solution for multinational organizations with complex hybrid cloud requirements.
Question 51
A company operates multiple AWS accounts and VPCs across several regions. They need to ensure low-latency connectivity between VPCs, centralized routing, high availability, consistent traffic inspection, and real-time monitoring. Which architecture best meets these requirements?
A) Create individual VPC Peering connections for each VPC with separate firewalls
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Use multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Establish Direct Connect circuits to every VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
When designing a global enterprise network architecture, several factors are crucial: low-latency inter-region connectivity, centralized routing, high availability, consistent security enforcement, and operational visibility through monitoring. Among the available solutions, AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging provides the most comprehensive and scalable solution.
Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks in a hub-and-spoke model. This design supports transitive routing, which allows any attached network to communicate with any other connected network without creating numerous point-to-point VPC Peering connections. This significantly reduces management overhead, routing complexity, and potential configuration errors. Additionally, inter-region peering allows VPCs in different regions to communicate over AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, high-bandwidth, and secure inter-region traffic. Unlike VPN connections or internet-based communication, inter-region peering ensures predictable performance and reliability.
Network Firewall centralizes traffic inspection and security enforcement, providing intrusion detection, packet filtering, segmentation, and compliance policy enforcement. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC increases operational complexity and the risk of inconsistent security policies. Centralized inspection ensures uniform enforcement across multiple accounts and regions, reducing vulnerabilities and simplifying compliance management.
CloudWatch centralized logging collects and aggregates metrics, logs, and monitoring data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. Centralized monitoring enables real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance optimization, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, organizations face the challenge of consolidating logs manually across multiple accounts and regions, increasing administrative overhead and risk of missing critical events.
Option A), VPC Peering with per-VPC firewalls, does not scale efficiently in a multi-region, multi-account environment. Managing numerous peering connections becomes complex, and enforcing consistent security policies is challenging. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on the public internet, introducing variable latency, potential congestion, and manual failover complexity. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, offers private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and monitoring, making it operationally challenging.
By implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, organizations achieve a scalable, secure, highly available, and fully monitored network. This architecture provides centralized routing, automated failover, low-latency inter-region communication, consistent traffic inspection, and comprehensive visibility, meeting the requirements of a global enterprise network effectively.
Question 52
A multinational enterprise wants to connect multiple AWS accounts, regional VPCs, and on-premises networks. The network must provide centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which architecture should be implemented?
A) Individual VPC Peering connections with separate firewalls per VPC
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a hybrid global network for an enterprise with multiple accounts and regions requires a solution that addresses centralized routing, high availability, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region communication, and comprehensive monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging provides an optimal architecture to satisfy these requirements.
Transit Gateway serves as a centralized hub connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks in a hub-and-spoke topology. This enables transitive routing, where any attached network can communicate with all other connected networks without requiring multiple individual VPC Peering connections. Inter-region peering allows secure communication between VPCs in different regions over AWS’s private backbone, delivering low-latency, predictable, and high-throughput connectivity, which is critical for latency-sensitive applications and enterprise workloads.
Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection, policy enforcement, intrusion detection, segmentation, and packet filtering. Centralizing firewall policies ensures consistent security enforcement across all accounts and regions, reducing administrative complexity and risk of misconfiguration. Deploying firewalls per VPC increases operational overhead and introduces potential inconsistencies, which may lead to security gaps.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates metrics, logs, and monitoring data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. This centralized approach enables real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance analysis, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, enterprises face operational challenges in consolidating logs manually from multiple regions and accounts, increasing administrative burden and risk of missing critical events or anomalies.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls, does not scale well in a global enterprise environment. Managing multiple peering connections becomes unwieldy as the number of VPCs grows, and enforcing consistent security is challenging. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on the public internet, leading to variable latency, limited bandwidth, and manual failover management. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, increasing operational complexity.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, enterprises achieve a secure, scalable, highly available, and fully monitored network architecture. This design ensures centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region communication, and robust monitoring for compliance, making it ideal for complex enterprise hybrid cloud networks.
Question 53
A global organization needs a hybrid network connecting multiple AWS accounts, regional VPCs, and on-premises data centers. The network must provide centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which solution is most appropriate?
A) VPC Peering with individual firewalls per VPC
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Creating a hybrid enterprise network that spans multiple accounts, regional VPCs, and on-premises data centers requires addressing several critical technical requirements: centralized routing, high availability, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance and operational visibility. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging is the most suitable architecture to meet these requirements.
Transit Gateway provides a central hub-and-spoke architecture for connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. This enables transitive routing, where any connected network can communicate with any other without requiring multiple point-to-point VPC Peering connections. This simplifies network management, reduces configuration errors, and supports scalable growth. Inter-region peering ensures secure communication between VPCs in different regions using AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, high-throughput, and predictable connectivity critical for latency-sensitive enterprise applications.
Network Firewall centralizes traffic inspection, segmentation, intrusion detection, and policy enforcement. Centralized security ensures consistent enforcement across multiple accounts and regions, reducing administrative complexity and mitigating the risk of misconfiguration. Deploying firewalls per VPC leads to inconsistent policy enforcement, increased operational burden, and higher potential for security gaps.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates logs and metrics from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. This centralized monitoring enables real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance optimization, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, enterprises must manually consolidate logs from multiple accounts and regions, creating operational overhead and increasing the risk of missing critical security or operational events.
Option A), individual VPC Peering connections with per-VPC firewalls, does not scale efficiently for multi-account and multi-region deployments, creating complex routing and administrative overhead. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on public internet connections, introducing variable latency, congestion, and complex failover. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, increasing operational complexity.
Implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging allows enterprises to build a scalable, secure, resilient, and fully monitored global hybrid network. This design ensures centralized routing, consistent security enforcement, automated failover, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and comprehensive monitoring for compliance, fulfilling the operational and security requirements of multinational enterprises effectively.
Question 54
A company wants to connect multiple AWS accounts, VPCs in different regions, and on-premises data centers. They require centralized routing, high availability, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which architecture is optimal?
A) Individual VPC Peering connections with separate firewalls per VPC
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a complex global network architecture requires a solution that addresses multiple enterprise-grade requirements: centralized routing, high availability, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging is the best-fit architecture for these requirements.
Transit Gateway provides a centralized hub for connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. Using a hub-and-spoke topology, it allows transitive routing, where any connected network can communicate with any other without creating multiple VPC Peering connections. This simplifies routing configuration, reduces potential errors, and supports scalable expansion. Inter-region peering provides low-latency, high-bandwidth, secure communication between VPCs in different regions using AWS’s private backbone, which is essential for latency-sensitive applications.
Network Firewall enables centralized traffic inspection, segmentation, policy enforcement, and intrusion detection. Centralizing firewall policies ensures consistent security across all accounts and regions, reducing operational complexity and potential misconfigurations. Individual firewalls per VPC increase administrative overhead and risk inconsistent security enforcement.
CloudWatch centralized logging consolidates metrics, logs, and monitoring data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and VPCs. This provides real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance optimization, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, enterprises would face increased operational overhead, manually collecting logs across multiple accounts and regions, and potentially missing critical security or operational events.
Option A), individual VPC Peering connections with per-VPC firewalls, is not scalable for global enterprise deployments and complicates routing and security management. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on public internet paths, introducing unpredictable latency, congestion, and complex failover requirements. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, increasing operational complexity.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging provides a scalable, secure, resilient, and fully monitored hybrid network. This architecture ensures centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region communication, and comprehensive monitoring for compliance, making it ideal for multinational organizations with complex hybrid network requirements.
Question 55
A global enterprise is designing a network connecting multiple AWS accounts, VPCs in different regions, and on-premises data centers. The network must provide centralized routing, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for auditing. Which architecture should they choose?
A) Individual VPC Peering connections with per-VPC firewalls
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a multinational enterprise network spanning multiple AWS accounts, VPCs in different regions, and hybrid on-premises environments, several key technical requirements must be addressed: centralized routing, automated failover, low-latency inter-region connectivity, consistent traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring for compliance and operational visibility. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging is the most appropriate solution that fulfills all these requirements.
Transit Gateway provides a centralized hub-and-spoke routing model connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. Transitive routing allows all connected networks to communicate without creating multiple VPC Peering connections, reducing administrative overhead, simplifying routing configurations, and minimizing the potential for misconfigurations. Inter-region peering ensures VPCs in different regions communicate securely and with low latency and high throughput over AWS’s private backbone, avoiding the limitations of public internet connectivity and providing predictable performance for enterprise workloads.
Network Firewall centralizes traffic inspection, segmentation, policy enforcement, and intrusion detection. Centralized firewalls provide consistent security across multiple accounts and regions, reducing operational complexity and minimizing compliance risks. Deploying individual firewalls per VPC creates inconsistencies and increases administrative overhead.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates metrics and logs from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs, allowing real-time alerting, troubleshooting, performance optimization, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, enterprises must manually consolidate logs from multiple accounts and regions, increasing operational complexity and the risk of missing critical security or operational events.
Option A), individual VPC Peering connections with per-VPC firewalls, does not scale well for multi-account, multi-region deployments and complicates routing and security management. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on public internet connections, introducing unpredictable latency, congestion, and complex failover requirements. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, making operational management challenging.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging allows enterprises to implement a scalable, secure, resilient, and fully monitored global hybrid network. This architecture ensures centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and comprehensive monitoring, making it the ideal solution for complex multinational networks.
Question 56
An enterprise runs multiple applications across several AWS regions and accounts. They require high-performance, secure, and low-latency inter-region communication, centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, and comprehensive monitoring. Which network architecture best satisfies these requirements?
A) Individual VPC Peering connections for each VPC with separate firewalls
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a robust, enterprise-grade multi-region network demands careful attention to performance, security, scalability, and monitoring. Enterprises with multiple AWS accounts and regional workloads need a solution that consolidates connectivity while providing low-latency communication, centralized routing, automated failover, and centralized security. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging achieves all these objectives effectively.
Transit Gateway acts as a central hub for multiple VPCs and on-premises networks, implementing a hub-and-spoke topology that allows transitive routing. Transitive routing eliminates the need for numerous point-to-point VPC Peering connections, which become unmanageable as the number of VPCs increases. In addition, inter-region peering provides private, low-latency, and high-bandwidth connectivity between VPCs in different regions, leveraging AWS’s private backbone to reduce latency and improve performance for global applications. This approach is superior to VPN connections, which rely on public internet paths that can introduce latency and congestion.
Network Firewall centralizes traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and policy enforcement across multiple accounts and regions. Centralized firewalls provide consistent security policies across all VPCs, ensuring compliance with enterprise and regulatory requirements. Individual firewalls per VPC increase operational complexity and risk inconsistencies that may lead to security gaps or misconfigurations.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates metrics, logs, and monitoring data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. Centralized monitoring provides real-time alerting, troubleshooting, and auditing, allowing teams to quickly identify anomalies, maintain compliance, and optimize network performance. Without centralized monitoring, enterprises must manually consolidate logs from multiple accounts and regions, which is inefficient and increases the risk of missing critical events.
Option A), individual VPC Peering with per-VPC firewalls, does not scale efficiently in a global environment. Managing multiple peering connections and firewalls becomes operationally complex and error-prone. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, introducing variable latency, limited throughput, and complex failover. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, making operational management difficult.
Implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging allows enterprises to create a scalable, secure, and resilient multi-region network. It ensures centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region communication, and comprehensive monitoring, meeting all enterprise requirements for high-performance hybrid cloud architectures.
Question 57
A global enterprise needs to interconnect multiple AWS accounts, VPCs across regions, and on-premises environments. The architecture must ensure centralized routing, automated failover, low-latency inter-region communication, consistent traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring for compliance. What is the most suitable solution?
A) Individual VPC Peering with separate firewalls
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a global enterprise network requires addressing multiple critical objectives: centralized routing, high availability, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring. Among available options, AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging offers a solution that fulfills all these requirements efficiently and at scale.
Transit Gateway serves as a central hub, connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks in a hub-and-spoke topology. This topology enables transitive routing, allowing any connected VPC or on-premises network to communicate with any other without creating numerous VPC Peering connections. Transitive routing greatly reduces operational complexity, simplifies configuration, and scales effectively as the number of VPCs and regions grows. Inter-region peering allows VPCs in different regions to communicate securely over AWS’s private backbone, ensuring low-latency, high-throughput communication, which is crucial for latency-sensitive applications or workloads that span multiple regions.
Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection, intrusion detection, segmentation, and policy enforcement. Centralized security ensures consistent enforcement across accounts and regions, reducing operational overhead and mitigating misconfiguration risks. Deploying firewalls per VPC increases complexity and introduces potential inconsistencies in security policies, which may result in gaps or vulnerabilities.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates metrics, logs, and operational data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs. Centralized logging enables real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance optimization, and compliance auditing. Without centralized monitoring, teams must manually consolidate logs from multiple accounts and regions, creating inefficiencies and increasing the likelihood of missed events.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls, does not scale for multi-account, multi-region environments and requires complex routing and security management. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, introducing unpredictable latency, limited bandwidth, and manual failover. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, making operational management difficult.
Using Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging allows enterprises to achieve a scalable, secure, resilient, and fully monitored global hybrid network. This design ensures centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region communication, and robust centralized monitoring, fulfilling the needs of a complex multinational enterprise network.
Question 58
An enterprise is deploying a multi-region AWS network across multiple accounts and VPCs with on-premises connectivity. The requirements include centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which architecture should they implement?
A) VPC Peering connections with per-VPC firewalls
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Implementing a multi-region enterprise network requires a comprehensive solution addressing centralized routing, high availability, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance. The most suitable architecture is AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, which provides a scalable, secure, and resilient design.
Transit Gateway offers a central hub-and-spoke network topology, enabling transitive routing where any attached VPC or on-premises network can communicate with any other connected network without the need for numerous VPC Peering connections. This reduces configuration complexity, simplifies routing management, and supports large-scale multi-account, multi-region environments. Inter-region peering allows VPCs in different regions to communicate over AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, high-bandwidth, and secure communication. This ensures predictable network performance, which is essential for latency-sensitive applications and global enterprise workloads.
Network Firewall centralizes traffic inspection, policy enforcement, segmentation, and intrusion detection. Centralized security enforcement ensures consistent application of policies across multiple accounts and regions, reducing operational overhead and minimizing misconfiguration risks. Using per-VPC firewalls increases complexity and may result in inconsistent enforcement or gaps in security coverage.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates metrics, logs, and monitoring data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and all connected VPCs. Centralized monitoring enables real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance optimization, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, operations teams must manually consolidate data across multiple accounts and regions, which is inefficient and increases the risk of missing critical events or anomalies.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls, is difficult to scale for large, multi-region environments and increases operational complexity. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, depends on public internet connections, which introduces latency variability, bandwidth constraints, and complex failover. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, creating management challenges for enterprises.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging allows enterprises to achieve a highly available, scalable, secure, and fully monitored network architecture. This approach ensures centralized routing, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and comprehensive monitoring for compliance, meeting the operational, security, and performance requirements of global enterprise networks.
Question 59
A company wants to implement a hybrid network connecting multiple AWS accounts, VPCs across regions, and on-premises data centers. They need centralized routing, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance auditing. Which solution is best suited for these requirements?
A) VPC Peering with per-VPC firewalls
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Building a global hybrid enterprise network requires addressing several core requirements simultaneously: centralized routing, automated failover, traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and centralized monitoring for compliance. The optimal solution is AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, which offers a comprehensive and scalable approach.
Transit Gateway provides a central hub-and-spoke architecture that supports transitive routing. This means connected VPCs and on-premises networks can communicate without creating multiple VPC Peering connections, simplifying network management and scaling effectively as new VPCs or accounts are added. Inter-region peering allows VPCs across regions to communicate using AWS’s private backbone, delivering secure, low-latency, high-throughput inter-region connectivity, which is essential for globally distributed applications.
Network Firewall ensures consistent traffic inspection, segmentation, intrusion detection, and policy enforcement across all accounts and regions. Centralizing firewall policies reduces operational complexity and mitigates the risk of misconfigurations that could introduce security gaps. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC is not scalable and can lead to inconsistent security enforcement.
CloudWatch centralized logging collects metrics, logs, and monitoring data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and connected VPCs, enabling real-time alerting, operational troubleshooting, performance optimization, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, enterprises face operational inefficiencies and increased risks of missing critical events.
Option A), VPC Peering with per-VPC firewalls, does not scale well for multi-account and multi-region environments. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on the public internet, introducing latency variability and bandwidth limitations. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and monitoring, complicating operations.
Implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging delivers a secure, resilient, scalable, and fully monitored network architecture. This ensures centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security enforcement, low-latency inter-region communication, and robust compliance monitoring, making it ideal for complex hybrid enterprise networks.
Question 60
A multinational enterprise is designing a hybrid cloud network that includes multiple AWS accounts, VPCs across regions, and on-premises data centers. The network must provide centralized routing, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which architecture is most appropriate?
A) VPC Peering with per-VPC firewalls
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing
D) Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a complex hybrid cloud network for a multinational enterprise requires a solution that simultaneously addresses centralized routing, high availability, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for compliance. The recommended solution is AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, which ensures a scalable, secure, and resilient network architecture.
Transit Gateway serves as a centralized hub, connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks in a hub-and-spoke model. This architecture enables transitive routing, allowing all connected VPCs and networks to communicate without creating multiple VPC Peering connections, thereby reducing complexity and scaling efficiently as the number of VPCs grows. Inter-region peering allows secure, low-latency communication between VPCs in different regions over AWS’s private backbone, which provides high performance, predictability, and reliability for latency-sensitive workloads.
Network Firewall centralizes traffic inspection, intrusion detection, segmentation, and policy enforcement. Centralized enforcement ensures that security policies are applied consistently across multiple accounts and regions, mitigating operational risks and simplifying compliance management. Deploying individual firewalls per VPC increases operational overhead and the potential for inconsistent policy enforcement.
CloudWatch centralized logging aggregates metrics, logs, and operational data from Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and VPCs, enabling real-time alerting, performance monitoring, troubleshooting, and compliance auditing. Without centralized logging, operational teams would need to manually consolidate logs from multiple regions and accounts, increasing the risk of missed events and inefficiencies.
Option A), VPC Peering with per-VPC firewalls, does not scale efficiently and complicates routing and security management. Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on the public internet, which introduces unpredictable latency, bandwidth limitations, and complex failover. Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and centralized monitoring, increasing operational complexity.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging enables enterprises to establish a highly available, secure, scalable, and fully monitored global hybrid network. This approach ensures centralized routing, automated failover, consistent traffic inspection, low-latency inter-region communication, and comprehensive monitoring for compliance, fulfilling the requirements of multinational enterprises with complex hybrid network environments.
