Visit here for our full Amazon AWS Certified Advanced Networking – Specialty ANS-C01 exam dumps and practice test questions.
Question 181
A global e-commerce company wants to optimize the performance of its web applications for users in multiple continents while maintaining security and cost efficiency. Which AWS architecture provides low-latency access, edge caching, and secure application delivery?
A) Amazon CloudFront with AWS WAF, Lambda@Edge, and Route 53 Latency-Based Routing
B) AWS Direct Connect with Transit Gateway and static routing
C) VPC Peering across regions with Network Load Balancers
D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway
Answer: A
Explanation:
To optimize global web application performance while maintaining security and cost efficiency, combining CloudFront, Lambda@Edge, Route 53 Latency-Based Routing, and AWS WAF is the most suitable architecture. CloudFront is a global content delivery network that caches static and dynamic content at edge locations close to end-users, significantly reducing latency and improving page load times. By distributing content across multiple edge locations, CloudFront ensures a highly available and resilient delivery model, even during sudden spikes in traffic.
Lambda@Edge extends the capabilities of CloudFront by enabling execution of custom logic on requests and responses. This allows for request modification, authentication, A/B testing, and content personalization at the edge, reducing the need for backend processing and improving response times. Additionally, AWS WAF integrates seamlessly with CloudFront, offering protection against common web attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.
Route 53 Latency-Based Routing further enhances user experience by directing requests to the AWS region with the lowest network latency, ensuring that users across multiple continents experience minimal delays. This combination allows businesses to maintain low operational costs, as CloudFront edge caching reduces origin server load, while pay-as-you-go pricing ensures that organizations only pay for consumed resources.
Option B), Direct Connect with Transit Gateway and static routing, is designed for private network connectivity and predictable bandwidth but does not improve public web application latency for global users. Option C), VPC Peering with Network Load Balancers, improves backend communication within AWS regions but lacks global content caching, latency-based routing, and edge-level request customization. Option D), Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway, provides encrypted connectivity but does not optimize performance for global end-users or support edge caching.
This architecture also supports monitoring, logging, and analytics, allowing businesses to analyze traffic patterns using CloudFront access logs and CloudWatch metrics. Security compliance is simplified through WAF rules, TLS encryption, and AWS Shield integration for DDoS mitigation. Additionally, the architecture is scalable, automatically handling traffic surges, and allows for fine-grained access controls using AWS IAM and Lambda@Edge policies. By leveraging these services together, a global e-commerce company can achieve low-latency delivery, enhanced security, and operational efficiency, meeting both business and technical requirements for modern web applications.
Question 182
A financial institution needs to establish a hybrid cloud network with multiple AWS regions and on-premises data centers. The design must support dynamic routing, encryption, high availability, and centralized management. Which solution best meets these requirements?
A) Dual AWS Direct Connect connections per region with Transit Gateway and IPsec VPN fallback
B) Single Direct Connect connection per region with static routing
C) VPC Peering for each region and each on-premises network
D) CloudFront with Regional Edge Caches and WAF
Answer: A
Explanation:
A hybrid cloud environment that spans multiple AWS regions and on-premises data centers requires an architecture capable of providing high availability, dynamic routing, encryption, and centralized management. Using dual Direct Connect connections per region ensures that each region has redundant private connectivity to AWS, minimizing downtime due to single link failures. AWS Direct Connect provides consistent low-latency performance, which is critical for financial transactions and compliance-heavy workloads.
AWS Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub, simplifying routing between VPCs in multiple regions and on-premises networks. Transit Gateway supports route propagation, allowing connected networks to automatically learn optimal paths without manual route configuration, reducing administrative complexity. Integration with IPsec VPN provides a secure failover mechanism over the public internet, ensuring continued encrypted connectivity even if Direct Connect links are unavailable.
Option B) Single Direct Connect per region lacks redundancy, creating a single point of failure and violating high availability requirements. Option C) VPC Peering across all regions and on-premises networks is operationally complex and does not provide centralized routing management, increasing the risk of misconfiguration. Option D) CloudFront with Regional Edge Caches optimizes content delivery for global clients but does not provide private connectivity, dynamic routing, or centralized network management for hybrid cloud setups.
This design ensures predictable performance, regulatory compliance, and security for sensitive financial workloads. IPsec encryption protects data in transit, meeting industry standards such as PCI DSS and ISO 27001. The architecture also supports monitoring and auditing through CloudWatch and VPC Flow Logs, providing detailed visibility into traffic patterns, security events, and network utilization. By centralizing routing with Transit Gateway, organizations can maintain simplified operational management, avoid complex peering configurations, and ensure seamless failover across regions and data centers. Additionally, this hybrid cloud approach scales easily as new regions or VPCs are added, providing a future-proof, resilient network design for mission-critical workloads.
Question 183
A SaaS provider wants to reduce API response times for globally distributed clients while maintaining edge security, request customization, and caching capabilities. Which AWS architecture meets these objectives most effectively?
A) Amazon CloudFront with Lambda@Edge and Route 53 Latency-Based Routing
B) AWS Direct Connect with Transit Gateway
C) VPC Peering across regions with ELB
D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway
Answer: A
Explanation:
To optimize API response times for a global client base, CloudFront with Lambda@Edge combined with Route 53 Latency-Based Routing provides the most effective solution. CloudFront caches API responses at edge locations close to end-users, significantly reducing latency by offloading requests from origin servers. Lambda@Edge enables custom logic execution on requests and responses, allowing features such as authentication, request transformation, A/B testing, and content personalization directly at the edge, improving response times and reducing load on backend servers.
Route 53 Latency-Based Routing ensures that API requests are directed to the AWS region with the lowest network latency, improving client experience and minimizing timeouts. CloudFront also integrates with AWS WAF, providing protection against common threats, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and DDoS attacks, ensuring secure edge-level API handling.
Option B) Direct Connect with Transit Gateway offers private connectivity but does not reduce latency for public-facing APIs or provide caching and edge customization. Option C) VPC Peering with ELB supports backend communication but does not address global traffic routing, edge caching, or request customization. Option D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway provides secure network connections but lacks caching, global performance optimization, and edge execution capabilities.
The combination of CloudFront, Lambda@Edge, and Route 53 ensures low-latency, secure, and personalized API delivery for globally distributed users. This architecture also supports scalability, automatically handling sudden spikes in traffic, while CloudFront Access Logs and CloudWatch metrics provide visibility for monitoring, auditing, and performance optimization. The architecture also reduces backend operational costs by decreasing repeated origin requests and improving caching efficiency. In addition, it allows seamless integration with authentication and authorization mechanisms such as Amazon Cognito, API Gateway, or custom JWT solutions, maintaining strong security for sensitive SaaS operations. Overall, this approach ensures high availability, performance optimization, and secure edge-level processing, which are critical for modern SaaS applications serving diverse global clients.
Question 184
An enterprise requires secure and reliable connectivity between multiple branch offices and AWS while minimizing operational complexity. Each office must maintain high availability and centralized routing control. Which architecture best fulfills these requirements?
A) Dual AWS Direct Connect connections per branch office with Transit Gateway and VPN fallback
B) Single Direct Connect per branch office with static routes
C) Site-to-Site VPN without redundancy
D) CloudFront with WAF and regional endpoints
Answer: A
Explanation:
For enterprises connecting multiple branch offices to AWS, dual Direct Connect connections with Transit Gateway and VPN fallback provides the best balance of security, high availability, and operational simplicity. Direct Connect provides dedicated private connectivity, ensuring predictable bandwidth, low latency, and high throughput. Dual connections per office maintain redundancy, preventing downtime if a physical link fails.
Transit Gateway acts as a central hub, allowing centralized routing between all branch offices and multiple VPCs. It simplifies the network topology by replacing complex many-to-many peering relationships with a hub-and-spoke model, reducing administrative overhead and operational complexity. The Transit Gateway supports dynamic route propagation, enabling automatic discovery of optimal paths for traffic without manual configuration, further simplifying operations.
VPN fallback ensures continued encrypted connectivity if Direct Connect links become unavailable, meeting security and compliance requirements. IPsec encryption protects data in transit, while integration with AWS Network Firewall and Flow Logs enhances monitoring and security auditing.
Option B) Single Direct Connect per office introduces a single point of failure, violating high availability requirements. Option C) Site-to-Site VPN without redundancy is prone to downtime and variable internet performance, unsuitable for enterprise operations. Option D) CloudFront with WAF is focused on public content delivery and does not provide private, centralized connectivity for branch offices.
This architecture supports segmentation of traffic across development, production, and testing environments, allowing strict control over access, compliance adherence, and auditing. Centralized monitoring using CloudWatch provides detailed visibility into network health, traffic patterns, and operational performance. The design is scalable, accommodating additional offices, regions, and VPCs without restructuring the network, ensuring future-proof enterprise connectivity. Overall, this architecture balances high availability, security, operational efficiency, and centralized management, which are essential for global enterprises connecting multiple offices to AWS.
Question 185
A multinational organization wants a hybrid cloud solution connecting multiple on-premises data centers to AWS with high availability, encryption, and dynamic routing. Which architecture best meets these requirements?
A) Dual AWS Direct Connect connections per data center with Transit Gateway and IPsec VPN backup
B) Single Direct Connect per data center with static routing
C) VPC Peering with Site-to-Site VPN for each data center
D) CloudFront with Global Accelerator
Answer: A
Explanation:
For a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple on-premises data centers to AWS, dual Direct Connect connections with Transit Gateway and IPsec VPN backup is the ideal solution. Dual Direct Connect connections provide redundancy, ensuring uninterrupted private connectivity and low-latency performance critical for enterprise workloads. AWS Direct Connect also offers predictable throughput, reducing reliance on variable internet performance and supporting high-bandwidth workloads between data centers and AWS regions.
Transit Gateway centralizes routing management, providing a hub-and-spoke network architecture that simplifies connectivity between multiple VPCs and on-premises sites. Route propagation ensures that new VPCs or data centers automatically learn the correct paths, reducing manual network configuration and minimizing operational complexity. IPsec VPN backup provides encrypted failover in case Direct Connect links fail, maintaining business continuity and regulatory compliance.
Option B) Single Direct Connect per data center is insufficient for redundancy and high availability. Option C) VPC Peering with VPN for each data center introduces excessive operational complexity, creating many-to-many routing configurations that are difficult to manage and scale. Option D) CloudFront with Global Accelerator improves public-facing performance but does not provide private, encrypted connectivity for hybrid cloud workloads.
This architecture ensures security, reliability, and scalability, supporting segmentation of production, testing, and development traffic. Integration with CloudWatch monitoring, VPC Flow Logs, and AWS Network Firewall provides end-to-end visibility, threat detection, and auditing capabilities. Additionally, dynamic routing via Transit Gateway allows enterprises to efficiently scale operations, integrate additional regions or offices, and adapt to changing network requirements without disrupting connectivity. The design also complies with industry standards such as PCI DSS, HIPAA, and ISO 27001 by enforcing encrypted communication, network segmentation, and continuous monitoring, making it a robust solution for multinational hybrid cloud deployments.
Question 186
A media streaming company wants to deliver video content globally with minimal buffering, low latency, and secure delivery. They also want to run serverless custom logic at the edge to personalize content for users. Which AWS architecture best meets these requirements?
A) Amazon CloudFront with Lambda@Edge, AWS WAF, and S3 as the origin
B) Direct Connect with Transit Gateway and EC2 backend servers
C) VPC Peering across regions with Application Load Balancers
D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway
Answer: A
Explanation:
For a media streaming company, the primary goal is to deliver high-quality video content globally with minimal buffering and low latency. Amazon CloudFront is an ideal solution because it is a global content delivery network (CDN) that caches static and dynamic content at edge locations close to end-users. This reduces latency and improves video streaming performance significantly. By using CloudFront, the origin servers—here, Amazon S3 or an HTTP server—are shielded from high request loads, reducing operational costs and mitigating the risk of service degradation.
Lambda@Edge enables serverless custom logic to execute at edge locations, providing capabilities such as content personalization, authentication, A/B testing, and request/response modification without needing to reach the origin server. This reduces latency and enhances the end-user experience. For example, Lambda@Edge can dynamically select video quality based on user location or device type, improving performance and user satisfaction.
AWS WAF integrates with CloudFront to provide security at the edge, protecting against common web attacks, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, and reducing the impact of DDoS attacks. Additionally, CloudFront supports HTTPS and TLS encryption, ensuring secure delivery of media content, which is critical for compliance in industries that handle sensitive content.
Option B) Direct Connect with Transit Gateway and EC2 backend servers is suited for private low-latency connections and hybrid cloud networks but does not provide edge caching, serverless logic execution at the edge, or global delivery optimization. Option C) VPC Peering with ALB provides regional load balancing but lacks a global edge network, caching, and Lambda@Edge capabilities. Option D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway offers secure connectivity but does not optimize latency, caching, or edge personalization for global streaming.
This architecture supports scalability as traffic spikes are common in media streaming. CloudFront automatically handles large numbers of concurrent requests without manual intervention. The solution also provides monitoring and analytics through CloudFront access logs, CloudWatch metrics, and AWS X-Ray integration, helping to track performance, cache hit ratios, and user engagement. This architecture reduces latency, improves security, provides content personalization, and supports cost efficiency by reducing origin server load, making it the most suitable solution for global media delivery and dynamic, user-specific content personalization.
Question 187
A multinational corporation requires a hybrid networking solution with multiple AWS regions and on-premises data centers. The architecture must support high availability, encrypted connectivity, dynamic routing, and centralized network management. Which design best meets these requirements?
A) Dual AWS Direct Connect connections per region with Transit Gateway and VPN fallback
B) Single Direct Connect connection per region with static routing
C) VPC Peering across regions with VPN connections for on-premises
D) CloudFront with Regional Edge Caches and WAF
Answer: A
Explanation:
A hybrid cloud architecture connecting multiple regions and on-premises data centers requires high availability, encryption, dynamic routing, and centralized management. Using dual AWS Direct Connect connections per region ensures redundancy, providing consistent and low-latency connectivity even if one link fails. AWS Direct Connect delivers a private, dedicated connection from the corporate network to AWS, reducing dependency on public internet connectivity and ensuring predictable performance, which is vital for enterprise workloads such as ERP, CRM, and data replication.
AWS Transit Gateway centralizes routing management by acting as a hub connecting VPCs and on-premises networks. This simplifies network design by replacing complex point-to-point VPNs and VPC peering relationships with a hub-and-spoke model, minimizing operational overhead. Transit Gateway supports dynamic route propagation, enabling automatic path learning and ensuring optimal routing between regions and data centers.
The VPN fallback provides IPsec-encrypted backup connectivity, ensuring secure communication if Direct Connect connections fail, satisfying both high availability and security requirements. Option B), a single Direct Connect per region with static routing, introduces a single point of failure, violating redundancy requirements. Option C), VPC Peering across regions with VPN for on-premises, creates a complex many-to-many network that is difficult to manage and does not provide centralized control or failover mechanisms. Option D), CloudFront with Regional Edge Caches and WAF, is primarily designed for content delivery and edge security rather than hybrid network connectivity.
This design allows the corporation to scale easily, adding new VPCs, regions, or data centers without manual route configuration. Security compliance is maintained through IPsec encryption, TLS, AWS Network Firewall, and VPC Flow Logs, ensuring auditing and monitoring capabilities. Operational efficiency is increased as centralized management reduces configuration errors and simplifies troubleshooting. Enterprises can segment traffic for development, testing, and production, maintain performance SLAs, and implement automated monitoring through CloudWatch and CloudTrail. The solution provides resilience, scalability, and security, making it ideal for multinational hybrid cloud deployments where operational continuity is non-negotiable.
Question 188
A SaaS provider needs to reduce latency for API requests from users around the world while ensuring secure access, caching, and edge-level request customization. Which AWS solution meets these requirements?
A) Amazon CloudFront with Lambda@Edge and Route 53 Latency-Based Routing
B) AWS Direct Connect with Transit Gateway
C) VPC Peering across regions with ELB
D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway
Answer: A
Explanation:
For a SaaS provider targeting a global user base, the most effective way to reduce latency and enhance performance is by using CloudFront with Lambda@Edge in conjunction with Route 53 Latency-Based Routing. CloudFront caches API responses at edge locations worldwide, ensuring that frequently requested content is served close to the user. This significantly reduces response times and improves overall API performance.
Lambda@Edge allows execution of custom logic directly at edge locations, enabling request transformation, authentication, A/B testing, and content personalization. This reduces backend load and ensures that API responses are optimized for individual user needs, without requiring additional infrastructure in multiple regions. Route 53 Latency-Based Routing directs user requests to the AWS region with the lowest network latency, further enhancing performance for geographically distributed users.
Option B) Direct Connect with Transit Gateway provides private, low-latency connectivity, but it is designed for hybrid cloud networks and does not optimize latency for public APIs or edge caching. Option C) VPC Peering with ELB improves backend communication within AWS regions but does not provide global caching or edge customization, resulting in slower API responses for international users. Option D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway ensures secure connectivity but lacks caching and edge-level processing capabilities, leading to higher latency and lower performance for global requests.
The CloudFront + Lambda@Edge architecture also provides security benefits, as AWS WAF integrates directly with CloudFront to protect against SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and DDoS attacks. CloudFront supports HTTPS and TLS, ensuring encrypted communication, which is critical for SaaS APIs handling sensitive data. This solution is highly scalable, automatically handling traffic spikes without manual intervention, reducing operational costs by minimizing origin server load. Additionally, monitoring and analytics via CloudWatch, CloudFront logs, and X-Ray provide deep insights into traffic patterns, API performance, cache hit ratios, and potential security threats. Overall, this architecture ensures low latency, secure access, edge-level customization, caching, and global scalability, making it ideal for modern SaaS applications.
Question 189
An enterprise wants secure and reliable connectivity for multiple branch offices to AWS while minimizing network management complexity. Each branch must maintain high availability and centralized routing. Which design meets these requirements?
A) Dual AWS Direct Connect connections per branch with Transit Gateway and VPN fallback
B) Single Direct Connect per branch with static routing
C) Site-to-Site VPN without redundancy
D) CloudFront with WAF and Regional endpoints
Answer: A
Explanation:
For enterprises connecting multiple branch offices to AWS, dual Direct Connect connections with Transit Gateway and VPN fallback provides high availability, secure private connectivity, and centralized routing management. Each branch maintains redundancy with dual Direct Connect links, ensuring that a failure of a single link does not disrupt connectivity. Direct Connect also provides consistent low-latency performance, which is essential for business-critical applications and unified communications across offices.
Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub, simplifying routing between multiple branches and VPCs. This eliminates the complexity of configuring multiple point-to-point connections or managing extensive route tables for each office. Dynamic route propagation ensures that traffic automatically finds the optimal path, reducing administrative overhead and minimizing misconfiguration risks.
The VPN fallback provides IPsec-encrypted failover in case Direct Connect connections fail, ensuring business continuity and compliance with security standards. Option B) Single Direct Connect introduces a single point of failure and does not meet high availability requirements. Option C) VPN-only solutions without redundancy are prone to internet-related disruptions and performance variability. Option D) CloudFront with WAF and regional endpoints is primarily for public content delivery and does not provide private, centralized connectivity for enterprise offices.
This architecture enables scalability, allowing additional branches to be connected without redesigning the network. Security and compliance are maintained through encrypted links, IAM-based access control, and monitoring via CloudWatch. Centralized network management reduces operational complexity, allowing IT teams to focus on business-critical tasks instead of manual network configuration. The solution is robust, scalable, secure, and resilient, providing enterprises with predictable connectivity, simplified operations, and centralized routing, essential for modern distributed organizations.
Question 190
A multinational organization wants a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple on-premises data centers to AWS. The solution must provide high availability, dynamic routing, and secure connectivity. Which architecture is most suitable?
A) Dual AWS Direct Connect connections per data center with Transit Gateway and IPsec VPN backup
B) Single Direct Connect per data center with static routing
C) VPC Peering with Site-to-Site VPN for each data center
D) CloudFront with Global Accelerator
Answer: A
Explanation:
For a multinational hybrid cloud deployment, dual Direct Connect connections per data center with Transit Gateway and IPsec VPN backup is the most appropriate solution. Dual Direct Connect links ensure redundancy and high availability, preventing a single point of failure. AWS Direct Connect offers low-latency, high-throughput connectivity, which is critical for enterprise workloads that require predictable network performance between on-premises sites and AWS regions.
Transit Gateway centralizes routing management, providing a hub-and-spoke model that connects multiple VPCs and data centers. This simplifies operational management, reduces manual route configuration, and enables dynamic route propagation, ensuring that network paths automatically adapt to changes. The IPsec VPN backup provides encrypted failover connectivity in case Direct Connect links fail, maintaining secure communication and meeting compliance requirements.
Option B) Single Direct Connect per data center introduces a single point of failure, violating high availability principles. Option C) VPC Peering with VPN for each data center creates a complex many-to-many network topology, which is difficult to scale and manage. Option D) CloudFront with Global Accelerator enhances public-facing performance but does not provide private, encrypted connectivity for hybrid enterprise workloads.
This design enables segmentation of traffic, such as separating production, development, and testing workloads. Security is enforced through IPsec encryption, network firewall policies, and VPC Flow Logs, providing auditability and compliance. The architecture is scalable, allowing the addition of new VPCs or data centers without major network redesign. Centralized monitoring through CloudWatch ensures visibility into network health, traffic patterns, and potential anomalies. This hybrid cloud architecture delivers high availability, security, dynamic routing, and centralized management, fulfilling the requirements of multinational organizations operating in complex, regulated environments.
Question 191
A financial services company wants to implement a multi-region architecture for their trading application. The architecture must provide low-latency access for traders in different continents, encrypted traffic, automatic failover, and centralized network management. Which AWS architecture best meets these requirements?
A) Multi-region VPCs connected via Transit Gateway, Direct Connect for primary links, and VPN for failover
B) Single VPC per region with VPC peering and static routing
C) CloudFront with WAF and Global Accelerator
D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateways in each region
Answer: A
Explanation:
Financial services applications, especially trading platforms, demand ultra-low latency, high availability, encrypted connectivity, and robust failover mechanisms. To satisfy these requirements, a multi-region architecture using AWS Transit Gateway with Direct Connect as the primary connectivity and VPN for failover provides the most suitable solution.
AWS Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub to interconnect multiple VPCs across regions. This hub-and-spoke model significantly reduces the complexity that arises from connecting multiple VPCs using point-to-point VPC peering. Transit Gateway supports dynamic routing, ensuring traffic automatically takes the optimal path based on latency and network conditions, which is essential for trading applications where milliseconds matter.
Direct Connect provides dedicated, low-latency private connections between on-premises trading data centers and AWS, ensuring predictable network performance and secure transport of sensitive financial data. For redundancy and failover, IPsec VPN connections act as a backup, providing encrypted connectivity over the public internet if Direct Connect experiences downtime. This architecture ensures business continuity and mitigates risks associated with network failures.
Option B), single VPC per region with VPC peering, creates a complex mesh topology that becomes difficult to manage as regions and VPCs increase. It lacks centralized routing management and dynamic failover capabilities. Option C), CloudFront with WAF and Global Accelerator, is optimized for public content delivery, reducing latency for end-users accessing static content, but it does not provide private network connectivity or encrypted intra-company traffic for trading systems. Option D), Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateways, introduces higher latency and is less predictable than Direct Connect, making it unsuitable for latency-sensitive trading applications.
The multi-region Transit Gateway architecture allows the financial services company to monitor and audit traffic using CloudWatch, CloudTrail, and VPC Flow Logs, ensuring compliance with financial regulations. The design supports segmentation of traffic for trading, analytics, and archival systems, improving security and operational efficiency. Furthermore, it is scalable, allowing additional VPCs or regions to be added without redesigning the network. High availability is maintained across regions, with Direct Connect providing deterministic latency and VPN ensuring encrypted failover. This architecture ensures resilience, security, compliance, and ultra-low latency, making it ideal for global trading platforms.
Question 192
An e-commerce platform experiences sudden traffic spikes during promotional events. The platform requires global content distribution, low latency, edge-level security, and the ability to run dynamic request routing and personalization. Which AWS solution is optimal for these requirements?
A) Amazon CloudFront with Lambda@Edge, WAF, and Route 53 Latency-Based Routing
B) AWS Direct Connect with Transit Gateway
C) VPC Peering across regions with Application Load Balancers
D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateways
Answer: A
Explanation:
E-commerce platforms face high variability in traffic due to events such as flash sales or seasonal promotions. To maintain a responsive user experience, AWS CloudFront is the primary solution for global content distribution. CloudFront caches static and dynamic content at edge locations close to the end-user, reducing latency and improving page load times even during massive traffic surges.
Lambda@Edge enables execution of custom logic at edge locations, allowing request routing, personalization, authentication, and dynamic response manipulation without impacting the origin server. For example, Lambda@Edge can dynamically adjust content for different regions, modify headers, or redirect traffic based on device type or user behavior, enhancing both performance and user experience.
AWS WAF integrates with CloudFront to provide edge-level security, mitigating common threats such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and DDoS attacks. Route 53 Latency-Based Routing ensures that users are directed to the AWS region with the lowest latency, further reducing response times and improving overall application performance.
Option B) Direct Connect with Transit Gateway is optimized for private low-latency connections between on-premises networks and AWS, but it does not provide global caching, edge-level personalization, or serverless logic execution at the edge. Option C) VPC Peering with ALB allows regional load balancing but lacks global distribution and dynamic request customization, making it insufficient for international traffic spikes. Option D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway provides encrypted connectivity but does not optimize latency or enable serverless edge processing for user-specific content.
CloudFront with Lambda@Edge ensures elastic scalability, automatically handling sudden surges in traffic without requiring manual intervention or pre-provisioning of servers. By caching content at edge locations, origin servers experience reduced load, lowering operational costs. Security monitoring is enhanced through CloudFront logs, CloudWatch metrics, and AWS Shield for DDoS protection. This architecture provides reliability, scalability, security, personalization, and global performance optimization, making it the most effective solution for high-traffic e-commerce platforms requiring low-latency content delivery and dynamic edge processing.
Question 193
A healthcare company must securely connect multiple branch offices to AWS for sensitive patient data access. The network must support high availability, encrypted communication, and centralized routing without over-complicating network management. Which architecture satisfies these requirements?
A) Dual AWS Direct Connect per branch with Transit Gateway and VPN backup
B) Single Direct Connect per branch with static routing
C) Site-to-Site VPN only
D) CloudFront with WAF and Regional endpoints
Answer: A
Explanation:
Healthcare organizations must comply with strict data privacy regulations such as HIPAA, requiring encrypted connectivity and resilient network design. To meet these requirements, dual AWS Direct Connect connections per branch, coupled with Transit Gateway and VPN backup, provides a robust, secure, and centralized networking solution.
Direct Connect offers private connectivity with consistent, low-latency performance, critical for applications managing sensitive patient records, imaging data, and electronic health records. By implementing dual connections, the organization ensures redundancy and high availability, avoiding single points of failure that could disrupt critical healthcare operations.
Transit Gateway acts as a centralized routing hub, simplifying network management by eliminating the need for numerous point-to-point VPNs or VPC peering relationships. Dynamic route propagation ensures that any changes in network topology are automatically reflected across all connected VPCs and branch offices, reducing manual configuration errors.
A VPN backup provides encrypted failover connectivity, guaranteeing secure communication if Direct Connect experiences downtime. This is particularly important for healthcare organizations that must maintain uninterrupted access to patient data, ensuring operational continuity and regulatory compliance.
Option B) Single Direct Connect per branch introduces a single point of failure, violating high availability requirements. Option C) VPN-only solutions are susceptible to internet fluctuations and provide inconsistent performance, unsuitable for latency-sensitive healthcare applications. Option D) CloudFront with WAF and regional endpoints is designed for public-facing content delivery and does not provide private, encrypted connectivity between branch offices and AWS.
This architecture also enables scalability, allowing additional branches to connect without redesigning the network. Security and compliance are reinforced through IPsec encryption, Transit Gateway route isolation, and VPC Flow Logs for auditability. Monitoring with CloudWatch and CloudTrail allows IT teams to track performance, detect anomalies, and proactively address potential issues. The solution achieves resilient, secure, centralized, and manageable connectivity for sensitive healthcare workloads, ensuring compliance, reliability, and operational efficiency across the organization’s network.
Question 194
A SaaS provider needs to ensure global users can access APIs with minimal latency, edge-level security, caching, and dynamic request customization. Which AWS architecture is best suited for this scenario?
A) Amazon CloudFront with Lambda@Edge, WAF, and Route 53 Latency-Based Routing
B) AWS Direct Connect with Transit Gateway
C) VPC Peering with Application Load Balancer across regions
D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway
Answer: A
Explanation:
For a SaaS provider serving a global audience, performance, security, and scalability are critical. CloudFront with Lambda@Edge combined with Route 53 Latency-Based Routing and AWS WAF provides a comprehensive solution that addresses latency, security, and request customization.
CloudFront caches both static and dynamic API responses at edge locations close to users worldwide, minimizing latency and improving responsiveness. Lambda@Edge enables serverless execution of custom logic at edge locations, allowing request manipulation, content personalization, A/B testing, and authorization checks. This reduces load on origin servers and ensures users receive dynamic, customized content quickly.
Route 53 Latency-Based Routing ensures users are routed to the AWS region offering the lowest network latency, optimizing the experience for users in different geographies. AWS WAF protects APIs from common web exploits, DDoS attacks, and other malicious activity, ensuring edge-level security while maintaining high performance.
Option B) Direct Connect with Transit Gateway is suitable for private, low-latency connections to AWS but does not provide global caching, edge-level execution, or API personalization. Option C) VPC Peering with ALB improves regional backend performance but lacks global distribution and serverless edge capabilities. Option D) Site-to-Site VPN with NAT Gateway ensures encrypted connectivity but introduces higher latency and does not support edge caching or dynamic request manipulation.
This architecture allows for scalable, resilient API delivery, automatically handling traffic spikes without manual provisioning. CloudFront’s caching reduces backend server load, lowering operational costs. Monitoring and analytics with CloudWatch, CloudFront logs, and X-Ray provide visibility into latency, cache hit ratios, user engagement, and potential security threats. The combination of low latency, global reach, edge-level security, and dynamic request handling ensures that SaaS applications provide a responsive, secure, and personalized experience to users worldwide.
Question 195
A multinational enterprise wants a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple on-premises sites with AWS. The design must provide high availability, dynamic routing, encryption, and centralized network management. Which architecture is optimal?
A) Dual AWS Direct Connect per site with Transit Gateway and VPN backup
B) Single Direct Connect per site with static routing
C) VPC Peering and Site-to-Site VPN for each site
D) CloudFront with Global Accelerator
Answer: A
Explanation:
Hybrid cloud networks for multinational enterprises require high availability, secure connectivity, dynamic routing, and centralized management. The optimal solution is dual AWS Direct Connect per site with Transit Gateway and VPN backup.
Dual Direct Connect connections ensure redundancy and low-latency connectivity between on-premises sites and AWS, providing predictable network performance critical for business-critical workloads. Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub for all VPCs and on-premises sites, reducing the complexity of managing multiple point-to-point connections. Dynamic route propagation ensures automatic failover and optimal path selection, minimizing downtime and human error in route configuration.
VPN backup provides an encrypted failover path, ensuring secure communication if Direct Connect links fail. This guarantees business continuity and compliance with regulations such as GDPR and HIPAA. Option B) single Direct Connect per site introduces a single point of failure. Option C) VPC Peering with VPN for each site creates a complex mesh network, difficult to scale and manage. Option D) CloudFront with Global Accelerator improves public-facing performance but does not provide private, encrypted connectivity for hybrid cloud traffic.
This architecture supports scalability, allowing additional sites or VPCs to connect without network redesign. Security is enhanced through IPsec encryption, IAM access controls, network segmentation, and VPC Flow Logs. Centralized monitoring using CloudWatch and CloudTrail provides visibility into network performance, traffic anomalies, and security events. The design ensures resilience, scalability, security, and centralized management, meeting the operational requirements of multinational hybrid cloud deployments.
Question 196
A company wants to implement a highly available, multi-region web application that needs low-latency global access and automatic failover in case of regional outages. Which architecture provides the best solution?
A) Deploy the application in a single region with CloudFront caching and Route 53 weighted routing.
B) Deploy the application in multiple regions using Application Load Balancers, AWS Global Accelerator, and Route 53 health checks.
C) Deploy the application across multiple availability zones in a single region with VPN connections from on-premises networks.
D) Replicate static content to S3 buckets in all regions with Route 53 failover routing.
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a multi-region web application, the architecture must achieve low-latency access, automatic failover, and global reachability. Option A), a single-region deployment with CloudFront caching, primarily benefits static content delivery. Dynamic content and database-dependent operations still experience latency for users far from the primary region. Failover using Route 53 weighted routing adds complexity and may not provide seamless availability if the single region fails. Option C), deploying across multiple availability zones in one region, enhances resilience locally but does not reduce latency for global users or provide cross-region failover. VPN connections from on-premises networks do not contribute meaningfully to global application performance and introduce unnecessary complexity. Option D), replicating static content to S3 in multiple regions, only supports static assets. It does not handle dynamic content, application logic, or real-time traffic routing. Option B), deploying Application Load Balancers in multiple regions, combined with AWS Global Accelerator and Route 53 health checks, ensures dynamic traffic routing and automatic failover. Global Accelerator provides static IP addresses and leverages the AWS global network to route traffic to the nearest healthy endpoint. Application Load Balancers manage traffic within each region, supporting path-based routing, SSL termination, and health monitoring. Route 53 health checks monitor regional endpoints and automatically redirect traffic in case of failure. This setup ensures high availability, low latency, and secure traffic delivery for users worldwide. Monitoring and logging with CloudWatch provide insights into traffic patterns and performance metrics. Security can be enhanced with WAF rules, security groups, and IAM policies, ensuring compliance while maintaining performance. Overall, this architecture delivers scalable, resilient, and operationally efficient global access for modern enterprise web applications.
Question 197
A company wants to connect multiple VPCs in different regions to a central on-premises network while maintaining centralized route management and minimizing latency. Which solution is optimal?
A) Create individual VPN connections from each VPC to the on-premises network.
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway in each region, inter-region peering, and a Direct Connect Gateway for centralized on-premises connectivity.
C) Deploy VPC peering between all VPCs and manage multiple VPNs for on-premises access.
D) Use CloudFront with private endpoints to route traffic from VPCs to on-premises resources.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Connecting multiple VPCs across regions to on-premises networks requires centralized routing, high throughput, low latency, and simplified management. Option A), individual VPN connections from each VPC, introduces high operational overhead, scaling challenges, and inconsistent latency because VPN traffic traverses the public internet. Option C), VPC peering between all VPCs with multiple VPNs, creates a complex mesh network that is difficult to scale, manage, and troubleshoot. Option D), CloudFront with private endpoints, is designed for content distribution, not real-time private network connectivity. Option B), deploying AWS Transit Gateways in each region, connecting them via inter-region peering, and attaching a Direct Connect Gateway, provides a centralized hub-and-spoke network architecture. Transit Gateway simplifies route management by serving as a single routing hub per region. Inter-region peering ensures traffic traverses the AWS private backbone, reducing latency and providing high throughput. The Direct Connect Gateway offers dedicated connectivity from on-premises sites, avoiding internet variability. Route propagation automatically updates routing tables across regions, minimizing manual configurations. Security is enhanced via VPC segmentation, security groups, and IAM policies, while monitoring with CloudWatch flow logs ensures operational visibility. This architecture is scalable, resilient, and operationally efficient, allowing new VPCs or regions to be added with minimal configuration. It also supports high-performance hybrid networking, enabling enterprises to maintain secure, centralized management while ensuring low-latency, high-throughput communication between cloud and on-premises networks.
Question 198
A company is running a global application with a highly transactional database. They require near real-time replication across regions and global read access with minimal failover time. Which AWS service best meets these requirements?
A) Daily RDS snapshots replicated to S3 in other regions.
B) Amazon Aurora Global Database with read replicas in multiple regions.
C) VPC peering with EC2 instances running database replication scripts.
D) AWS DataSync to copy database files hourly between regions.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A highly transactional, global database demands low-latency replication, global read scalability, and rapid failover. Option A), daily RDS snapshots, provides only backup functionality with high RPO and RTO, unsuitable for real-time transactional workloads. Option C), VPC peering with EC2-hosted replication scripts, introduces operational complexity, high management overhead, and potential replication delays. Option D), DataSync copying database files hourly, cannot achieve near real-time replication and results in stale reads. Option B), Amazon Aurora Global Database, is optimized for multi-region replication with typical replication lag under one second, providing near real-time consistency. It supports read replicas in secondary regions, allowing users to query local copies, reducing latency. Aurora Global Database also allows regional failover, promoting a secondary region as the new primary, minimizing downtime. Integration with CloudWatch metrics, enhanced monitoring, and automated backups ensures observability and reliability. Security is enforced using KMS encryption, IAM policies, and VPC isolation. Aurora Global Database is highly scalable, supports automated maintenance, and allows enterprises to maintain resilient, performant, and globally accessible transactional workloads with minimal operational complexity.
Question 199
A company requires secure, low-latency, high-throughput connections between multiple on-premises data centers and AWS regions. Which network design achieves this with centralized management?
A) VPN connections from each data center to individual VPCs in each region.
B) AWS Transit Gateway per region, inter-region peering, and a Direct Connect Gateway for on-premises centralization.
C) VPC peering between all regional VPCs with separate VPNs for each data center.
D) Deploy CloudFront for dynamic traffic distribution.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a multi-region hybrid network requires optimizing latency, throughput, security, and operational simplicity. Option A), individual VPNs, introduces complexity and inconsistent performance because traffic traverses the internet. Option C), VPC peering with VPNs, scales poorly and adds operational overhead. Option D), CloudFront, is for content distribution, not real-time private network connectivity. Option B), using Transit Gateways per region, inter-region peering, and a Direct Connect Gateway, provides centralized routing, high throughput, and low-latency connectivity. Transit Gateway serves as a hub for all VPCs, inter-region peering uses the AWS private backbone, and Direct Connect provides dedicated, consistent connectivity from on-premises. Route propagation ensures routing tables are updated automatically, reducing administrative effort. Security policies, VPC segmentation, and monitoring via CloudWatch provide visibility and operational control. This design scales efficiently and supports enterprise-grade hybrid multi-region networking with minimal operational complexity.
Question 200
A company wants to design a multi-region architecture with secure global user access, failover, and optimized traffic routing for both static and dynamic content. Which AWS services should be used?
A) Single-region deployment with CloudFront and Route 53 weighted routing.
B) Multi-region deployment with Application Load Balancers, AWS Global Accelerator, and Route 53 health checks.
C) Multi-AZ deployment in one region with VPN connections for on-premises users.
D) Replicate static content to S3 in all regions with DNS failover routing.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a global multi-region application requires low-latency access, failover capabilities, and traffic optimization. Option A), single-region with CloudFront, benefits static content but cannot optimize dynamic content or provide seamless failover. Option C), multi-AZ in one region, offers local redundancy but does not reduce latency for global users. Option D), S3 replication with DNS failover, only addresses static assets and does not handle dynamic workloads. Option B), deploying Application Load Balancers in multiple regions, combined with AWS Global Accelerator and Route 53 health checks, ensures dynamic traffic routing, automatic failover, and global reach. Global Accelerator provides static IPs and routes traffic via the AWS backbone, minimizing latency. ALBs manage traffic within regions with SSL termination, path-based routing, and health monitoring. Route 53 integrates health checks to reroute traffic automatically during failures. Monitoring via CloudWatch ensures visibility, while security is enforced through security groups, WAF, IAM policies, and encryption in transit. This solution provides high availability, secure global access, and operational simplicity, making it ideal for enterprises requiring resilient, low-latency multi-region applications.
