Visit here for our full Google Professional Cloud Network Engineer exam dumps and practice test questions.
Question 181
A global drone-delivery logistics company runs multiple GKE clusters for route optimization, flight-status ingestion, air-traffic prediction, package-tracking, and collision-avoidance ML inference. They require automatic mTLS across services, strict identity-based workload authorization, request tracing for latency issues, detailed telemetry, and advanced traffic policies such as weighted routing, retries, timeouts, and circuit breaking — all without modifying application code. Which Google Cloud solution meets these requirements?
A) Internal TCP Load Balancer
B) Cloud NAT
C) Anthos Service Mesh
D) HA VPN
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Anthos Service Mesh is the correct answer because it provides all the security, reliability, and observability capabilities required by a drone-delivery logistics platform without requiring any changes to application code. Drone-delivery networks involve complex orchestrations among multiple microservices, including flight-planning services, telemetry receivers, path-optimization engines, machine-learning–based obstacle detection systems, package-status APIs, adherence to air-traffic constraints, and real-time coordination with delivery fleets. These services must communicate securely, quickly, and with high reliability; this is where Anthos Service Mesh provides unmatched benefits.
Automatic mTLS enforces encrypted and authenticated traffic between all microservices. For drone delivery systems, telemetry data, predicted flight paths, geospatial routing coordinates, and ML inference results are all sensitive information that must not be exposed or intercepted. Anthos Service Mesh injects Envoy sidecars that automatically encrypt traffic, perform certificate issuance and rotation, and authenticate workloads. Engineers don’t need to manually configure TLS or embed cryptographic logic within application code.
Workload identity authorization is equally essential. In drone-delivery workflows, only certain services may interact with others. For example, the flight-planning service should not directly access the identity-verification component or inventory systems. Anthos Service Mesh uses Kubernetes service accounts as stable identity anchors, enabling fine-grained authorization rules independent of network IP changes. This ensures strict, zero-trust communication within the platform.
Distributed tracing is a fundamental requirement for diagnosing latency spikes or performance issues. Drone delivery depends heavily on real-time decision-making. If telemetry ingestion slows, path predictions lag, or obstacle-avoidance ML models take too long to respond, drones may deviate from optimal flight paths or cause safety concerns. Anthos captures trace spans across microservices automatically, allowing engineers to pinpoint bottlenecks within any part of the pipeline.
Telemetry includes request counts, error rates, latency percentiles, and retry metrics. These indicators help teams optimize resource allocation, scale critical services, and ensure reliable flight-status processing during peak delivery events.
Advanced traffic policies further strengthen platform stability. Weighted routing allows canary releases of new ML inference models or updated flight-prediction algorithms. Retries help mitigate transient network issues, while timeouts prevent prolonged stalls. Circuit breaking isolates malfunctioning microservices, protecting downstream services from cascading failures.
The alternatives do not meet these requirements. Internal TCP Load Balancer only provides simple L4 load balancing. Cloud NAT handles outbound internet access. HA VPN secures hybrid connectivity but cannot secure microservice-to-microservice traffic inside GKE. Only Anthos Service Mesh delivers the required full-stack functionality.
Question 182
A national intelligence agency stores and analyzes classified content in BigQuery and Cloud Storage. They must restrict API access so that only requests from approved VPC networks or on-prem environments using Dedicated Interconnect are allowed. Even with valid IAM keys, external API access must be blocked. Cross-project data exfiltration must also be prevented. Which Google Cloud feature should they use?
A) Cloud Armor
B) IAM Conditions
C) Private Google Access
D) VPC Service Controls
Answer:
D
Explanation:
VPC Service Controls is the correct solution because it enforces strict service perimeters around Google-managed services such as BigQuery and Cloud Storage. Intelligence agencies face threats not only from external intruders but also from credential compromise, insider risks, and accidental leaks. IAM alone is insufficient because stolen credentials can still successfully authenticate from unauthorized networks. VPC Service Controls prevents this by enforcing a hardened perimeter boundary around sensitive datasets.
The key capability of VPC Service Controls is that it denies API calls originating from outside approved networks, even if the request includes valid user credentials or service account keys. This is critical for classified intelligence workloads where access must depend not just on identity but also on the origin of the request. If attackers steal IAM keys, they cannot extract data from outside the protected perimeter because the request will be blocked before IAM processing occurs.
Equally important is exfiltration prevention. Without VPC Service Controls, a legitimate user could copy classified BigQuery tables to an external project or an unapproved Cloud Storage bucket. VPC Service Controls enforces rules ensuring that both the source and destination of data must reside inside the security perimeter. This blocks intentional or accidental data transfers outside the protected environment.
IAM Conditions provide attribute-based access but cannot prevent data movement between projects or enforce perimeters. Private Google Access allows private VMs to reach Google APIs but does not restrict external API origins. Cloud Armor protects web endpoints but not BigQuery or Cloud Storage APIs.
Thus, VPC Service Controls is the only Google Cloud feature providing perimeter-based API security and exfiltration prevention.
Question 183
A multinational smart-manufacturing company operates more than 230 VPC networks across global factories, robotics clusters, ERP systems, IoT data ingestion platforms, and analytics engines. They require a scalable hybrid networking model with a global hub, dynamic BGP propagation, prevention of transitive routing, business-unit segmentation, and centralized visibility into all spokes and hybrid links. Adding new factories or VPCs must require minimal manual configuration. Which Google Cloud service should they implement?
A) Cloud Router
B) VPC Peering
C) Network Connectivity Center
D) Shared VPC
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Network Connectivity Center (NCC) is the correct solution because it provides centralized, scalable hybrid network management using a hub-and-spoke architecture suited for large, globally distributed enterprises. Smart-manufacturing companies typically operate robotic assembly lines, sensor networks, predictive-maintenance models, logistics platforms, ERP systems, and supply-chain analytics. These environments demand a networking solution capable of managing connectivity across hundreds of VPC networks distributed worldwide.
NCC provides a central connectivity hub to which each VPC or on-prem site connects as a spoke. This eliminates the complexity and scaling limits of full-mesh VPC Peering, where connections grow exponentially. The hub-and-spoke model also prevents unintended transitive routing and maintains clean segmentation across departments such as manufacturing, corporate IT, R&D, supply chain, and OT control systems.
Dynamic BGP propagation via Cloud Router integration ensures automatic routing updates. When new factories, data centers, or cloud VPCs are added, NCC automatically learns and distributes routes. This minimizes manual networking configuration and reduces operational errors.
Centralized visibility is another key advantage. NCC allows administrators to view all hybrid connections, routing tables, tunnels, Interconnect attachments, and health statuses in one interface. This is critical for troubleshooting complex, distributed environments where production issues must be resolved quickly.
Shared VPC centralizes IAM and network administration but does not manage hybrid routing. VPC Peering does not scale and lacks centralized management. Cloud Router alone cannot manage global hybrid topologies. Only NCC provides the required comprehensive hybrid networking architecture.
Question 184
A global real-time analytics platform needs a load balancer offering a single anycast IP, TLS termination at the edge, routing clients to the nearest healthy backend, global health checks, automatic failover, support for HTTP/2 and QUIC, and optimized routing over Google’s private backbone. Which Google Cloud load balancer satisfies these requirements?
A) TCP Proxy Load Balancer
B) Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
D) Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the only load balancer that fulfills all the requirements for a global real-time analytics platform. Real-time analytics workloads depend heavily on low latency, fast connection establishment, and high reliability across multiple regions. A single anycast IP ensures traffic from users worldwide is directed to the closest Google edge location, dramatically reducing round-trip latency.
TLS termination at the edge reduces handshake overhead and offloads encryption work away from compute backends, increasing throughput and lowering processing cost. Global health checks continuously monitor backend regions, ensuring that user traffic is routed only to healthy services. If a region becomes overloaded or fails, automatic failover shifts users to another healthy region.
Support for HTTP/2 enhances performance by enabling multiplexing and efficient header transmission. QUIC further improves latency by reducing handshake times and improving resilience in high-loss or mobile network conditions. Routing over Google’s private backbone ensures consistent performance, avoiding congestion and unpredictable latency of the public internet.
Alternative options lack critical features. TCP Proxy Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 and does not support QUIC or advanced global routing. Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer cannot route users to other regions. Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer is for private traffic only. Thus, the Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct choice.
Question 185
A multinational banking organization requires private hybrid connectivity between on-prem data centers and Google Cloud. The connection must bypass the public internet, support bandwidth up to 100 Gbps, provide redundant physical circuits with SLA guarantees, and use dynamic BGP routing for automatic failover. Which connectivity solution should be used?
A) Cloud VPN with static routing
B) Partner Interconnect (single VLAN)
C) Cloud VPN
D) Dedicated Interconnect
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Dedicated Interconnect is the correct solution because it offers private, high-bandwidth, SLA-backed hybrid connectivity suited for banking environments where uptime, security, and performance are critical. Banking systems operate reconciliation engines, fraud detection models, trading systems, payment gateways, customer data platforms, and risk modeling workloads — all of which require stable, high-capacity, low-latency communication paths.
Dedicated Interconnect provides physical circuits of 10 Gbps or 100 Gbps, with the ability to combine multiple circuits for even greater throughput. Because traffic bypasses the public internet, latency is consistent and security risks associated with internet-based routing are eliminated. Properly deployed, Dedicated Interconnect provides redundant fiber paths for high availability, supported by Google SLAs.
Dynamic BGP routing enables seamless failover when circuits go down. This guarantees continuity for financial transactions, which cannot tolerate downtime or latency spikes. Cloud VPN solutions are limited by internet performance and latency variability. Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN lacks redundancy and does not meet SLA requirements.
Thus, Dedicated Interconnect is the only connectivity option that satisfies all bandwidth, reliability, and security requirements for global banking workloads.
Question 186
A global autonomous-vehicle company runs latency-critical microservices for sensor fusion, real-time mapping, object-detection inference, and vehicle-to-cloud telemetry. They operate multiple regional GKE clusters and require service-to-service encryption, zero-trust workload identity authorization, distributed tracing for latency issues, fleet-wide telemetry, and advanced traffic management like weighted rollouts, circuit breaking, and retries — all without modifying application code. Which Google Cloud solution meets these requirements?
A) VPC Flow Logs
B) Cloud VPN
C) Anthos Service Mesh
D) Cloud NAT
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Anthos Service Mesh is the correct choice because it provides end-to-end microservice security, advanced traffic controls, and deep observability across distributed GKE environments — without requiring application code changes. Autonomous-vehicle workloads consist of many microservices running in parallel, such as lidar ingestion, radar preprocessing, sensor fusion pipelines, real-time mapping engines, route-planning engines, V2X communication modules, fleet-logging collectors, and object-detection inference models. These components must communicate reliably with extremely low latency, because delays in processing sensor data can cause unsafe vehicle behavior. Anthos Service Mesh was designed for exactly this type of high-complexity, high-security microservice environment.
First, Anthos Service Mesh automatically provides mTLS between services. Autonomous-vehicle platforms must secure in-transit data such as lidar point clouds, object-detection outputs, localization estimates, or trajectory computations. Manual certificate management across hundreds of microservices would be error-prone; Anthos solves this by automatically generating, rotating, and enforcing TLS certificates through sidecar proxies.
Workload identity authorization enables a zero-trust communication model. Autonomous-vehicle systems must ensure that only approved microservices can talk to sensitive inference or planning services. Anthos binds identity to Kubernetes service accounts rather than IP addresses, creating stable identity representations even when pods scale or rotate. Policies can restrict which services may call others, reducing the risk of lateral movement.
Distributed tracing is another essential component. Vehicle telemetry, map updates, and object-detection pipelines often involve dozens of interconnected services. Debugging latency spikes demands visibility across services. Anthos automatically collects trace spans, latency distributions, and dependency graphs. Engineers can quickly identify bottlenecks in mapping updates or inference workflows, ensuring safe and timely vehicle operation.
Telemetry collection includes metrics such as request success rates, failure counts, retry rates, and latency percentiles. These metrics allow operations staff to tune autoscaling, identify degraded inference pods, and verify application health before large-scale rollouts.
Advanced traffic management further strengthens platform reliability. Weighted routing allows staged rollouts of updated ML inference models or mapping algorithms. Retries mitigate transient failures, while timeouts prevent hung requests from blocking upstream services. Circuit breaking protects critical backend services from overload during high volume events such as fleet-wide telemetry bursts.
The alternative options cannot meet these requirements. VPC Flow Logs provide network logging but no microservice-level features. Cloud VPN supports hybrid connectivity only. Cloud NAT allows outbound internet access but offers no service-level authorization. Anthos Service Mesh is the only fully-featured solution for microservice security, traffic management, and observability.
Question 187
A global intelligence and threat-analysis agency stores confidential datasets in BigQuery and Cloud Storage, including cybersecurity threat indicators, encrypted communications metadata, and classified behavioral models. They must restrict API access only to requests originating from approved VPC networks and on-prem facilities over Dedicated Interconnect. Even if IAM keys are stolen, outside-network API calls must be blocked. Cross-project data exfiltration must also be prevented. Which feature should they enable?
A) Private Google Access
B) Cloud Armor
C) IAM Conditions
D) VPC Service Controls
Answer:
D
Explanation:
VPC Service Controls is the correct answer because it provides a hardened, non-identity–based perimeter security layer that prevents data access from unauthorized networks, even when attackers possess valid IAM credentials. Intelligence agencies handle deeply sensitive information: intercepted communications, threat-detection models, malware attribution data, and partner intelligence exchanges. Protecting these assets requires more than identity-based IAM controls; it requires geographical and network-source verification at the perimeter.
VPC Service Controls creates a service perimeter around Google-managed services like BigQuery, Cloud Storage, Pub/Sub, and others. Any API request originating from the public internet, unmanaged networks, or unauthorized GCP environments is automatically denied before checking IAM permissions. This protects against credential theft scenarios, where attackers might steal API keys, OAuth tokens, or service account credentials. Even with valid credentials, requests outside the perimeter are blocked.
Exfiltration control is equally important. A legitimate internal user could accidentally or intentionally copy confidential threat-analysis datasets to an external project or storage bucket. VPC Service Controls restricts both source and destination resources, preventing data migration outside the trusted boundary. This prevents accidental leaks, insider threats, and data exfiltration attacks.
IAM Conditions provide context-based access but cannot enforce strict perimeters or block external API origins. Private Google Access only affects private VM access to Google APIs, not API request origins. Cloud Armor is designed for HTTP(S) protection, not API-level BigQuery or Storage calls.
Therefore, VPC Service Controls is the only Google Cloud solution that enforces perimeter isolation and prevents data exfiltration across projects.
Question 188
A multinational automation manufacturer manages over 240 VPC networks across global robotics facilities, IoT device clusters, production lines, ERP systems, edge analytics platforms, and predictive-maintenance pipelines. They require a scalable global hub-and-spoke architecture, centralized visibility, dynamic BGP propagation, clean segmentation between business units, and minimal manual configuration when adding new plants or VPCs. Which Google Cloud service should they use?
A) Shared VPC
B) VPC Peering
C) Cloud Router
D) Network Connectivity Center
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Network Connectivity Center (NCC) is the correct solution because it is designed specifically for large-scale hybrid network management across many VPC networks. Automation and robotics environments often operate manufacturing lines, robotic arm controllers, machine telemetry processors, digital twin simulation clusters, and edge data ingestion systems — all distributed across many factories. Each facility typically runs its own VPC for security and operational autonomy, creating a need for scalable, centrally managed connectivity.
NCC allows enterprises to build a hub-and-spoke model where each VPC or on-prem site connects to a centralized hub. This architecture avoids the complexity of full mesh VPC Peering, which becomes unmanageable once the number of connections exceeds even a few dozen VPCs. NCC prevents transitive routing and makes segmentation much easier by defining which spokes communicate with others.
Dynamic BGP propagation ensures that new routes appear automatically when new factories or VPCs are added. Integrating Cloud Router with NCC means enterprises do not need to manually update routes across hundreds of networks, reducing operational burden and errors.
NCC’s unified topology view provides administrators with visibility across all hybrid connections, tunnels, routes, and health metrics. When troubleshooting connectivity between robotics controllers in one region and analytics systems in another, engineers can use NCC to pinpoint where packet drops or misconfigurations occur.
Shared VPC centralizes IAM but does not manage hybrid routing. Cloud Router provides dynamic routing but not centralized network orchestration. VPC Peering does not scale and becomes too complex. NCC is the only solution built for this scope and complexity.
Question 189
A global content-delivery and real-time communication provider needs a load balancer that uses a single anycast IP, terminates TLS at the edge, intelligently routes users to the closest available backend, performs global health checks, automatically fails over between regions, supports HTTP/2 and QUIC, and uses Google’s private backbone for ultra-low latency. Which load balancer meets the requirement?
A) TCP Proxy Load Balancer
B) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
D) Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct answer because it is engineered for globally distributed, latency-sensitive applications such as CDN workloads, real-time gaming, video conferencing, and chat platforms. A single anycast IP allows users around the world to reach the nearest Google edge location, improving performance and reducing latency. This is essential for real-time communication workloads where milliseconds matter.
The load balancer terminates TLS at the edge, reducing round-trip latency and offloading cryptographic workload from backend servers. Global health checks constantly monitor backend availability. If a regional failure or congestion event occurs, user traffic automatically shifts to another healthy region without requiring DNS changes or client-side logic.
Support for HTTP/2 enhances connection efficiency through header compression and multiplexing. QUIC dramatically improves latency and reliability, especially over mobile or high-loss networks. Using Google’s private backbone ensures stable, low-jitter data paths between edge locations and backend services.
TCP Proxy Load Balancer lacks QUIC and global routing. Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer does not provide global failover. Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer is for private-only traffic. Therefore, the Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct option.
Question 190
A global financial exchange requires private hybrid connectivity between on-prem trading systems and Google Cloud. They need private circuits with no public internet exposure, bandwidth up to 100 Gbps, redundant links backed by SLAs, and dynamic BGP routing for automatic failover. Which connectivity option should they select?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Cloud VPN with static routes
C) Partner Interconnect (single VLAN)
D) Dedicated Interconnect
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Dedicated Interconnect is the correct solution because it provides the high-bandwidth, highly reliable, SLA-backed private connectivity necessary for financial trading platforms. Exchanges rely on strict performance requirements; latency fluctuations of even a few milliseconds can impact market stability, trading execution, and risk calculations.
Dedicated Interconnect provides physical private circuits that bypass the public internet entirely, ensuring stable and predictable latency. With 10 Gbps and 100 Gbps connection options — and the ability to aggregate multiple circuits — it supports extremely high data throughput needed for trade matching engines, risk analytics, settlement systems, and high-frequency trading communications.
Redundancy is built in through multiple physical connections, ensuring continuous availability even if a circuit or fiber path fails. Because financial exchanges operate continuously, automatic failover using BGP routing is essential. Cloud VPN options rely on public internet paths, creating jitter and unpredictable performance. Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN lacks redundancy and SLA guarantees.
Thus, Dedicated Interconnect is the only connectivity solution that satisfies capacity, security, latency, and reliability requirements for global financial trading workloads.
Question 191
A multinational AI-driven logistics provider runs GKE clusters that handle routing optimization, sensor-based warehouse robotics, dynamic inventory prediction, and computer-vision quality-control pipelines. They require encrypted service-to-service communication, workload identity-based authorization, request tracing, latency insights, retry policies, traffic shaping, and canary rollouts — all without modifying application code. Which Google Cloud solution satisfies these requirements?
A) Cloud NAT
B) Cloud VPN
C) Anthos Service Mesh
D) VPC Flow Logs
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Anthos Service Mesh is the correct choice because it provides enterprise-grade security, observability, and traffic management for microservices without requiring changes to application code. Logistics companies that depend on real-time AI processing and warehouse automation operate dozens of interconnected microservices: order-intake services, warehouse robot controllers, inventory prediction models, path-optimization engines, and quality-control vision pipelines. These services must communicate reliably and securely under varying workloads and unpredictable surges in operational demand. Anthos Service Mesh is designed to solve these exact challenges.
The sidecar proxy architecture enables automatic mTLS for every service-to-service interaction. This ensures that routing-engine microservices cannot be impersonated and that communications containing sensitive inventory data, routing details, or delivery predictions are encrypted. Workload identity authorization ensures that only specific microservices can call others. For example, a quality-control inference service should not have direct access to internal routing APIs. Anthos associates Kubernetes service accounts with service identity, independent of IP address changes. This ensures a strong zero-trust system.
Distributed tracing is vital because logistics pipelines often involve dozens of cross-service hops, such as order ingestion → routing algorithms → robot task allocation → vision-based quality verification → packing → dispatch. Any delay at one stage affects overall system performance. Anthos automatically collects latency distributions, failure traces, and dependency graphs, enabling rapid diagnosis of issues.
Advanced traffic management features support highly dynamic logistics environments. Weighted routing enables canary testing of improved routing models or upgraded inference logic. Retry policies reduce transient failures during warehouse peak activity. Timeouts prevent cascading delays when a service becomes slow. Circuit breaking protects critical services, such as robot-control APIs, from being overwhelmed by a large influx of requests.
Alternatives do not meet these requirements. Cloud NAT only manages outbound internet access. Cloud VPN only provides hybrid connectivity. VPC Flow Logs provide network metadata but cannot manage microservice-level traffic. Only Anthos Service Mesh meets the full set of demands for security, observability, and traffic control.
Question 192
A global intelligence analytics agency stores highly classified datasets in BigQuery and Cloud Storage. Network boundaries must ensure that API requests only originate from approved VPC networks or on-prem facilities over Dedicated Interconnect. Stolen IAM keys must be useless outside the perimeter, and cross-project data exfiltration must be blocked. Which Google Cloud feature fulfills these requirements?
A) IAM Conditions
B) VPC Service Controls
C) Cloud Armor
D) Private Google Access
Answer:
B
Explanation:
VPC Service Controls is the correct answer because it provides hardened service perimeters designed to protect sensitive data at the network boundary level, even in the event of credential theft. Intelligence agencies face threats where attackers may obtain valid user credentials yet still should not be allowed to access classified analytics datasets. IAM alone does not protect against such scenarios, because valid credentials could authenticate from unauthorized networks. VPC Service Controls blocks these attempts before IAM policies are evaluated.
By creating a service perimeter around BigQuery, Cloud Storage, Pub/Sub, and other Google Cloud services, agencies ensure that only API calls originating from approved VPCs or on-prem environments reach the services. Requests from outside — even with valid credentials — are automatically denied. This prevents external attackers from misusing stolen service account keys or OAuth tokens.
Moreover, VPC Service Controls provides strong exfiltration control. For intelligence workloads, preventing unauthorized copying of datasets is crucial. Without perimeters, a user inside the network could accidentally or intentionally transfer sensitive tables to an external project or an unprotected Cloud Storage bucket. VPC Service Controls enforces that both source and destination resources must remain inside the defined perimeter, eliminating the risk of cross-project data leakage.
IAM Conditions can restrict access based on attributes but cannot prevent data movement across projects or enforce physical network boundaries. Cloud Armor protects HTTP(S) endpoints, not BigQuery or Storage API calls. Private Google Access allows private VMs to reach Google APIs but does not prevent unauthorized origins.
VPC Service Controls provides the required network-level and resource-movement enforcement.
Question 193
A global robotics and industrial automation manufacturer operates hundreds of VPC networks for robotics clusters, IoT sensors, OT control systems, ERP workloads, and predictive maintenance platforms. They require a scalable global hub-and-spoke hybrid architecture, centralized topology visibility, dynamic BGP propagation, segmentation between departments, and minimal manual work when adding new VPCs or factories. Which Google Cloud service should they deploy?
A) Cloud Router
B) Shared VPC
C) Network Connectivity Center
D) VPC Peering
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Network Connectivity Center (NCC) is the correct solution because it provides large-scale hybrid network orchestration with hub-and-spoke design, perfect for environments with hundreds of VPCs and global industrial operations. Robotics and automation companies typically run dozens of VPCs per region to isolate robot fleets, data ingestion services, digital-twin simulation clusters, analytics systems, and back-office applications. Managing connectivity across such a diverse and sprawling environment manually is extremely difficult.
NCC simplifies hybrid networking by making each VPC or on-prem site a spoke that connects to a central hub. This eliminates the exponential complexity of VPC Peering, which becomes unmanageable at scale and introduces risks of unintended transitive routing. NCC ensures clean separation between business units such as manufacturing, R&D, and corporate IT.
Dynamic BGP propagation through Cloud Router integration means new factories or VPCs automatically exchange routing information without administrators manually editing route tables across dozens of networks. This reduces risk and makes onboarding new industrial sites far easier.
Centralized topology visibility enables engineers to view all hybrid tunnels, Interconnect links, routing tables, and connectivity health metrics from one interface. This increases troubleshooting efficiency, especially when robot controllers in one factory must communicate with AI planners hosted in another region.
Shared VPC centralizes IAM and resource sharing but does not manage hybrid routing. Cloud Router alone is insufficient for global connectivity management. VPC Peering does not scale and creates rigid, complex meshes.
NCC is the only choice that satisfies all scalability and operational requirements.
Question 194
A global video-conferencing platform needs a load balancer that uses a single anycast IP, terminates TLS at the edge, routes users to their nearest healthy region, performs global health checks, enables failover, supports HTTP/2 and QUIC, and uses Google’s private network backbone for fastest routing. Which should they use?
A) Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
D) TCP Proxy Load Balancer
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct answer because it supports all the essential features for real-time video-conferencing systems, where latency, jitter control, and global failover are mission-critical. A single anycast IP ensures users around the world connect to the nearest Google edge location for faster handshake and low latency. Edge TLS termination reduces processing burden on backend video servers and speeds up connection establishment.
Global health checks constantly monitor video servers across regions. If a data center becomes congested or experiences a partial outage, traffic automatically reroutes to the next best region without requiring DNS modifications. This ensures continuous call availability.
Support for HTTP/2 improves streaming efficiency through multiplexing and reduced overhead. QUIC further enhances real-time communication performance by reducing handshake latency, improving resilience on weak networks, and enabling smoother video playback and lower jitter.
Routing traffic across Google’s private backbone ensures stable, high-performance data transmission, avoiding public internet congestion. For global video platforms, maintaining consistent performance during peak usage is critical.
Alternatives do not provide full capabilities. Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer is for private services only. Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer cannot route globally. TCP Proxy Load Balancer lacks QUIC and advanced L7 routing.
Thus, the Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the only fully suitable choice.
Question 195
A multinational financial institution requires private hybrid connectivity between on-prem systems and Google Cloud. They need private circuits without internet exposure, 10–100 Gbps bandwidth, redundant paths backed by SLAs, and dynamic BGP routing for automatic failover. What connectivity option satisfies these needs?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Partner Interconnect (single VLAN)
C) Dedicated Interconnect
D) Cloud VPN with static routing
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Dedicated Interconnect is the correct answer because it provides private, high-capacity, SLA-backed connectivity engineered for mission-critical financial workloads. Banks and financial exchanges require predictable, low-latency communication paths for risk analysis platforms, fraud detection systems, transaction-processing engines, and market-data feeds. Public internet connectivity cannot meet these requirements due to latency variability and lack of guarantees.
Dedicated Interconnect offers 10 Gbps and 100 Gbps physical circuits, with the ability to aggregate multiple connections for even higher throughput. The circuits bypass the public internet entirely, providing superior security and consistent latency. Redundant physical connections ensure that a fiber cut or equipment failure does not disrupt trading systems. This redundancy is backed by formal SLAs, which are essential for regulatory compliance.
Dynamic BGP routing ensures that traffic automatically shifts to backup circuits during failures. This prevents downtime in financial transaction paths, which must remain operational 24/7.
Cloud VPN solutions cannot meet bandwidth requirements and ride over the public internet, making them unsuitable. Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN lacks redundancy and cannot deliver SLA guarantees.
Dedicated Interconnect is the only connectivity option that fulfills all required performance, security, and reliability criteria.
Question 196
A global smart-city infrastructure company operates GKE clusters that process traffic-signal telemetry, real-time congestion analytics, camera-based vehicle detection, emergency-services prioritization workflows, and IoT sensor data. They require encrypted service-to-service communication, identity-based microservice authorization, distributed tracing across dozens of pipelines, latency metrics, weighted canary rollouts, retries, timeouts, and circuit breaking — all without modifying application code. Which Google Cloud service meets these requirements?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Anthos Service Mesh
C) Cloud NAT
D) Internal TCP Load Balancer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Anthos Service Mesh is the correct answer because it provides comprehensive microservice-level security, observability, and traffic management without requiring changes to application code. Smart-city systems depend on real-time analytics and coordinated workflows. Traffic signals, road sensors, automated license-plate readers, and citywide IoT devices feed large volumes of data into GKE clusters. These pipelines must operate reliably and securely, and any microservice failure could affect emergency-response routing or citywide traffic patterns. Anthos Service Mesh is built precisely to handle these types of complex distributed systems.
First, automatic mTLS ensures that all service-to-service communication is encrypted and authenticated. Transportation telemetry, emergency routing decisions, and public safety analytics cannot be transmitted in plaintext. Anthos injects sidecar proxies that automatically enforce encryption, certificate issuance, and rotation, eliminating operational overhead and reducing risk of misconfiguration. Identity-bound workload authorization ensures that only approved microservices can talk to critical services, preventing unauthorized systems from sending sensitive commands, such as those that may influence traffic-signal timing.
Distributed tracing is crucial in smart-city ecosystems because workflows span many services: sensor ingestion → congestion analytics → video inference → routing prioritization → alerting systems. Latency spikes or failures must be identified quickly. Anthos automatically collects trace spans, latency profiles, error paths, and dependency graphs, enabling operators to quickly isolate bottlenecks affecting transportation responsiveness.
Rich telemetry provides insights into request counts, error rates, latency percentiles, and retry behaviors. These metrics help scalability planning, especially during periods of peak congestion or citywide events. Traffic management features, including weighted routing, help teams safely test new computer-vision models or routing algorithms on a small percentage of traffic before full rollout. Retries mitigate transient network issues. Timeouts prevent slow services from causing upstream failures. Circuit breaking protects critical systems, such as emergency-response APIs, from overload.
None of the alternatives provide the required capabilities. Cloud VPN and Cloud NAT deal with connectivity, not microservices security or observability. Internal TCP Load Balancer offers L4 load balancing but lacks identity-based policies and mesh-level telemetry. Only Anthos Service Mesh satisfies all requirements.
Question 197
A national cyber-forensics agency stores extremely sensitive datasets in BigQuery and Cloud Storage, including malware signatures, encrypted intelligence logs, and cross-border threat investigation data. They must enforce strict network boundaries so API requests are only allowed from approved VPC networks or on-prem environments via Dedicated Interconnect. Even with stolen IAM credentials, attackers must not access data from outside the perimeter. Cross-project data exfiltration must also be blocked. Which feature should they enable?
A) Cloud Armor
B) VPC Service Controls
C) Private Google Access
D) IAM Conditions
Answer:
B
Explanation:
VPC Service Controls is the correct answer because it enforces a hardened service perimeter that prevents unauthorized API access even if attackers possess valid IAM credentials. Cyber-forensics agencies deal with highly sensitive data involving malware reverse-engineering, threat-intelligence indicators, attack-surface evaluations, darknet surveillance outputs, and forensic chain-of-custody data. This information requires strict protection against credential misuse and accidental or malicious data transfers.
With VPC Service Controls, BigQuery and Cloud Storage APIs can only be accessed from approved networks. If a request originates from an unapproved VPC, a compromised laptop, or the public internet, the request is denied before IAM evaluation. This protects against credential-theft scenarios, since stolen API keys or service account credentials would be useless outside the perimeter.
Exfiltration prevention is equally critical. VPC Service Controls blocks copying data to external projects or Storage buckets outside the perimeter. This prevents analysts, automation tools, or compromised accounts from mistakenly or maliciously transferring classified threat-intelligence datasets to untrusted environments.
IAM Conditions add attribute-based restrictions but cannot prevent movement of data across projects or enforce perimeters. Private Google Access only affects VMs with private IPs accessing Google APIs. Cloud Armor protects HTTP(S) workloads, not API calls to BigQuery or Cloud Storage.
VPC Service Controls is the only option providing perimeter isolation and exfiltration control at the required level.
Question 198
A global industrial automation company manages more than 260 VPC networks supporting autonomous robotics clusters, IoT telematics systems, edge processing units, ERP workloads, and high-scale analytics. They need a centralized hybrid networking hub, dynamic BGP routing, segmentation across business units, prevention of transitive routing, and a unified topology dashboard. Adding new VPCs or factories should require minimal manual configuration. Which service should they use?
A) VPC Peering
B) Network Connectivity Center
C) Shared VPC
D) Cloud Router
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Network Connectivity Center (NCC) is the correct solution because it provides scalable, centralized hybrid networking with a hub-and-spoke architecture suitable for environments with hundreds of VPCs. Industrial automation companies operate many robotic controllers, sensor networks, machine telemetry platforms, digital-twin simulation clusters, and regional data-processing systems. These systems require clean segmentation and reliable connectivity across global facilities.
NCC enables enterprises to create a centralized connectivity hub where each VPC or on-prem site connects as a spoke. This replaces the complexity of full-mesh VPC Peering, which becomes extremely difficult to manage as the number of VPCs grows. The hub-and-spoke design prevents unintended transitive routing and enforces separation between business units such as robotics R&D, manufacturing OT networks, corporate IT, and data science.
Dynamic BGP routing via Cloud Router integration ensures that when new factories, VPCs, or edge environments come online, routing information is automatically exchanged without manual route maintenance across hundreds of networks. This significantly reduces operational overhead.
The centralized topology dashboard allows network engineers to view all hybrid connections, routing tables, tunnel health, Interconnect attachments, and link states. When investigating issues between robotics clusters or telemetry pipelines, NCC provides insights across the entire global network.
Shared VPC centralizes resource access but doesn’t orchestrate hybrid routing. Cloud Router provides dynamic routing but not topology-level orchestration. VPC Peering does not scale.
NCC uniquely provides the full combination of scalability, automation, segmentation, and centralized visibility.
Question 199
A global streaming and interactive-gaming service needs a load balancer with a single anycast IP, TLS termination at Google’s edge, global health checks, intelligent traffic routing to the nearest backend, automatic failover, support for HTTP/2 and QUIC, and end-to-end delivery over Google’s private backbone. Which load balancer should they choose?
A) Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer
D) TCP Proxy Load Balancer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the only load balancer offering all capabilities required to support global streaming and low-latency gaming workloads. Real-time gaming platforms demand ultra-low latency, high reliability, rapid handshake times, and global routing intelligence. A single anycast IP ensures players around the world automatically connect to the closest Google edge location, reducing round-trip delays and improving responsiveness.
TLS termination at the edge speeds connection setup by offloading cryptographic work from backend gaming servers, allowing them to focus on game-state processing. Global health checks continuously evaluate the health of backend regions, ensuring players are always routed to active, low-latency destinations. If a region experiences congestion, failure, or maintenance, failover occurs automatically with no disruption to game sessions or streams.
HTTP/2 improves multiplexing and reduces overhead, while QUIC dramatically reduces handshake latency and improves resilience against packet loss — essential for fast-paced online gaming. Routing over Google’s private backbone reduces jitter and avoids public internet congestion, providing stable performance during peak hours.
Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer cannot support global routing. TCP Proxy Load Balancer lacks QUIC and L7 routing. Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer is for private workloads.
Thus, the Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct option.
Question 200
A global banking-clearing network requires private hybrid connectivity between on-prem settlement systems and Google Cloud. They need dedicated, high-capacity links with no internet exposure, bandwidth up to 100 Gbps, redundant circuits, SLA-backed performance guarantees, and dynamic BGP routing for automatic failover. Which connectivity option should they use?
A) Cloud VPN with static routing
B) Cloud VPN
C) Dedicated Interconnect
D) Partner Interconnect (single VLAN)
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Dedicated Interconnect is the correct solution because it provides private, high-bandwidth connectivity engineered for mission-critical banking networks that handle settlement clearing, fraud detection, real-time payment authorization, and risk calculation workloads. These workloads require high throughput and consistent low latency that public internet connections cannot provide.
Dedicated Interconnect offers physical 10 Gbps and 100 Gbps circuits, which can be bonded for even greater capacity. The connections bypass the public internet entirely, providing enhanced security and eliminating the latency variability associated with public routes. Regulatory frameworks in the financial sector often require deterministic connectivity; Dedicated Interconnect meets these requirements through SLA-backed guarantees.
Dynamic BGP routing ensures that if a primary circuit fails, traffic automatically reroutes to secondary circuits with no manual intervention. This is crucial for continuous banking operations, where downtime can cause major financial disruption. Redundant physical paths ensure high availability, meeting strict compliance standards.
Cloud VPN options traverse the internet and cannot meet bandwidth or SLAs. Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN lacks redundancy and cannot provide the same guarantees.
Dedicated Interconnect is the only option that satisfies all performance, reliability, and compliance requirements.
