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Exam Code: CISSP
Exam Name: Certified Information Systems Security Professional
Certification Provider: ISC
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Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP Practice Test 52

Question 510

A quarterly change audit needs evidence of emergency maintenance approvals. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Require retrospective approval only for successful changes, leaving failed emergencies undocumented
  2. Collect emergency change authorizations and postimplementation review records
  3. Accept an engineer's chat message as proof of authorization without linking it to the actual production change
  4. Treat all emergency maintenance as exempt from documented approval and subsequent review

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Emergency processes still require evidence and accountability. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Require retrospective approval only for successful changes, leaving failed emergencies undocumented” would not establish the protection described: emergency processes still require evidence and accountability. The necessary change is “Collect emergency change authorizations and postimplementation review records” with the verification “Sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval”.

C:

“Accept an engineer's chat message as proof of authorization without linking it to the actual production change” would not establish the protection described: emergency processes still require evidence and accountability. The necessary change is “Collect emergency change authorizations and postimplementation review records” with the verification “Sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval”.

D:

“Treat all emergency maintenance as exempt from documented approval and subsequent review” leaves the essential control missing: emergency processes still require evidence and accountability. The direct corrective action is “Collect emergency change authorizations and postimplementation review records”, validated by the acceptance check “Sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval”.

Question 511

A quarterly change audit needs evidence of emergency maintenance approvals. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review ticket timestamps without correlating them with privileged system audit events
  2. Confirm the emergency change was applied but not that independent approval and retrospective review occurred
  3. Sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval
  4. Inspect scheduled change records only while emergency activity remains outside the sample

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Emergency processes still require evidence and accountability. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval” because emergency processes still require evidence and accountability. “Review ticket timestamps without correlating them with privileged system audit events” cannot establish that result.

B:

An observation of “Confirm the emergency change was applied but not that independent approval and retrospective review occurred” would not verify the relevant control. Emergency processes still require evidence and accountability. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval”.

D:

An observation of “Inspect scheduled change records only while emergency activity remains outside the sample” would not verify the relevant control. Emergency processes still require evidence and accountability. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Sample emergency changes against audit logs and retrospective approval”.

Question 512

A penetration-test report contains exploitable issues but no business priorities. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Sort penetration-test findings by their report page order rather than risk to critical business services
  2. Prioritize only by CVSS base score while ignoring exploit exposure and affected asset value
  3. Treat every finding as equal severity and ask engineers to fix whichever ticket is easiest first
  4. Rank findings by exploitability, exposure and business impact

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Severity labels alone are not a remediation program. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to review remediation order against asset criticality and threat context.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Sort penetration-test findings by their report page order rather than risk to critical business services” is not the relevant mitigation. Severity labels alone are not a remediation program. The scenario calls for “Rank findings by exploitability, exposure and business impact”; the acceptance check is “Review remediation order against asset criticality and threat context”.

B:

The proposal “Prioritize only by CVSS base score while ignoring exploit exposure and affected asset value” does not meet the relevant requirement because severity labels alone are not a remediation program. The matching remediation is “Rank findings by exploitability, exposure and business impact”.

C:

“Treat every finding as equal severity and ask engineers to fix whichever ticket is easiest first” is not the relevant mitigation. Severity labels alone are not a remediation program. The scenario calls for “Rank findings by exploitability, exposure and business impact”; the acceptance check is “Review remediation order against asset criticality and threat context”.

Question 513

A penetration-test report contains exploitable issues but no business priorities. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review remediation order against asset criticality and threat context
  2. Count closed vulnerabilities without comparing treatment order to critical assets
  3. Review the executive report summary while active exploitable paths remain unprioritized
  4. Confirm high-CVSS issues are listed first without assessing business impact and reachability

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Severity labels alone are not a remediation program. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Review remediation order against asset criticality and threat context.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Severity labels alone are not a remediation program. The proposed check, “Count closed vulnerabilities without comparing treatment order to critical assets”, misses the relevant outcome; “Review remediation order against asset criticality and threat context” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

C:

“Review the executive report summary while active exploitable paths remain unprioritized” does not show the required outcome: review remediation order against asset criticality and threat context. That test matters because severity labels alone are not a remediation program.

D:

Severity labels alone are not a remediation program. The proposed check, “Confirm high-CVSS issues are listed first without assessing business impact and reachability”, misses the relevant outcome; “Review remediation order against asset criticality and threat context” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 514

A vendor disputes a scanner finding as a false positive. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Close the disputed issue based only on a vendor email while the exposed service remains unexamined
  2. Require reproducible evidence and documented disposition review
  3. Reject the disputed vulnerability automatically because the supplier labels it a false positive
  4. Accept the scanner output as final proof without establishing reproduction or test conditions

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Finding disputes should be resolved by evidence, not bargaining. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Finding disputes should be resolved by evidence, not bargaining. “Close the disputed issue based only on a vendor email while the exposed service remains unexamined” does not supply that control; “Require reproducible evidence and documented disposition review” addresses the identified gap, and “Reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria” verifies the result.

C:

Finding disputes should be resolved by evidence, not bargaining. “Reject the disputed vulnerability automatically because the supplier labels it a false positive” does not supply that control; “Require reproducible evidence and documented disposition review” addresses the identified gap, and “Reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria” verifies the result.

D:

The security distinction is that finding disputes should be resolved by evidence, not bargaining. “Accept the scanner output as final proof without establishing reproduction or test conditions” addresses neither the required “Require reproducible evidence and documented disposition review” action nor its supporting evidence: “Reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria”.

Question 515

A vendor disputes a scanner finding as a false positive. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Confirm the supplier filed a dispute without rerunning the agreed validation steps
  2. Review the scanner's severity label but not the exploit prerequisites or environment
  3. Reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria
  4. Check a helpdesk ticket was closed while no reproducible evidence supports its disposition

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Finding disputes should be resolved by evidence, not bargaining. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Confirm the supplier filed a dispute without rerunning the agreed validation steps” is insufficient to demonstrate that “Require reproducible evidence and documented disposition review” works. Finding disputes should be resolved by evidence, not bargaining. The decisive test is “Reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria”.

B:

“Review the scanner's severity label but not the exploit prerequisites or environment” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria”, reflecting the requirement that finding disputes should be resolved by evidence, not bargaining.

D:

“Check a helpdesk ticket was closed while no reproducible evidence supports its disposition” evaluates something other than the specified fix. The meaningful evidence is “Reproduce or refute the finding using agreed test criteria”, reflecting the requirement that finding disputes should be resolved by evidence, not bargaining.

Question 516

A tester discovers sensitive customer files beyond the authorized test scope. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Continue exploring unrelated records because the initial authorized test found sensitive data
  2. Publish screenshots with personal information to justify the finding instead of minimizing retained evidence
  3. Copy all newly discovered customer files into a personal analysis workspace before alerting the test owner
  4. Use ethical disclosure and secure evidence minimization

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Authorized testing does not permit unlimited exploitation. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Continue exploring unrelated records because the initial authorized test found sensitive data” would not establish the protection described: authorized testing does not permit unlimited exploitation. The necessary change is “Use ethical disclosure and secure evidence minimization” with the verification “Check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies”.

B:

“Publish screenshots with personal information to justify the finding instead of minimizing retained evidence” leaves the essential control missing: authorized testing does not permit unlimited exploitation. The direct corrective action is “Use ethical disclosure and secure evidence minimization”, validated by the acceptance check “Check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies”.

C:

“Copy all newly discovered customer files into a personal analysis workspace before alerting the test owner” would not establish the protection described: authorized testing does not permit unlimited exploitation. The necessary change is “Use ethical disclosure and secure evidence minimization” with the verification “Check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies”.

Question 517

A tester discovers sensitive customer files beyond the authorized test scope. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies
  2. Check the test window dates while access beyond scope and notification were not reviewed
  3. Confirm the test reported a finding but not whether collection stayed within authorized boundaries
  4. Review an analyst's screenshots without checking for unnecessary customer data copies

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Authorized testing does not permit unlimited exploitation. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An observation of “Check the test window dates while access beyond scope and notification were not reviewed” would not verify the relevant control. Authorized testing does not permit unlimited exploitation. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies”.

C:

The acceptance test must demonstrate “Check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies” because authorized testing does not permit unlimited exploitation. “Confirm the test reported a finding but not whether collection stayed within authorized boundaries” cannot establish that result.

D:

An observation of “Review an analyst's screenshots without checking for unnecessary customer data copies” would not verify the relevant control. Authorized testing does not permit unlimited exploitation. The necessary acceptance evidence is “Check the incident notification and access records exclude unnecessary copies”.

Question 518

A critical vulnerability cannot be patched during a medical device freeze. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Disable all patient-facing device protections immediately to install the patch during clinical operations
  2. Document risk exception, compensating controls and review milestones
  3. Accept the vulnerability indefinitely with no compensating network isolation or medical owner approval
  4. Declare the flaw fixed because a vendor promises a future firmware version without an approved plan

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Exception handling requires an explicit compensating risk plan. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify interim isolation and approved patch window completion.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Disable all patient-facing device protections immediately to install the patch during clinical operations” is not the relevant mitigation. Exception handling requires an explicit compensating risk plan. The scenario calls for “Document risk exception, compensating controls and review milestones”; the acceptance check is “Verify interim isolation and approved patch window completion”.

C:

“Accept the vulnerability indefinitely with no compensating network isolation or medical owner approval” is not the relevant mitigation. Exception handling requires an explicit compensating risk plan. The scenario calls for “Document risk exception, compensating controls and review milestones”; the acceptance check is “Verify interim isolation and approved patch window completion”.

D:

The proposal “Declare the flaw fixed because a vendor promises a future firmware version without an approved plan” does not meet the relevant requirement because exception handling requires an explicit compensating risk plan. The matching remediation is “Document risk exception, compensating controls and review milestones”.

Question 519

A critical vulnerability cannot be patched during a medical device freeze. After implementing a remedy, which acceptance-test evidence MOST directly demonstrates that the specific issue has been addressed?

  1. Review the planned maintenance calendar while the unpatched device remains freely reachable
  2. Inspect vendor notifications without testing the interim mitigation and authorized patch completion
  3. Verify interim isolation and approved patch window completion
  4. Confirm an exception form exists but not that isolating controls are operating

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Exception handling requires an explicit compensating risk plan. The result of the remedy is checked directly: Verify interim isolation and approved patch window completion.

Incorrect Answers

A:

“Review the planned maintenance calendar while the unpatched device remains freely reachable” does not show the required outcome: verify interim isolation and approved patch window completion. That test matters because exception handling requires an explicit compensating risk plan.

B:

Exception handling requires an explicit compensating risk plan. The proposed check, “Inspect vendor notifications without testing the interim mitigation and authorized patch completion”, misses the relevant outcome; “Verify interim isolation and approved patch window completion” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

D:

Exception handling requires an explicit compensating risk plan. The proposed check, “Confirm an exception form exists but not that isolating controls are operating”, misses the relevant outcome; “Verify interim isolation and approved patch window completion” tests whether the intended remedy worked.

Question 520

An audit report uses a broad passing statement despite three untested controls. Which security recommendation MOST directly addresses the described risk or requirement?

  1. Remove the untested controls from the report scope after the field work without disclosure
  2. Publish an unqualified clean audit opinion while hiding the three untested controls in appendices
  3. Treat management assertions as equivalent to independent testing for the omitted controls
  4. Scope the conclusion to evidence and disclose testing limitations

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Assurance statements must not imply unperformed testing. A direct way to confirm the outcome is to verify report language matches completed tests and sampled populations.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Assurance statements must not imply unperformed testing. “Remove the untested controls from the report scope after the field work without disclosure” does not supply that control; “Scope the conclusion to evidence and disclose testing limitations” addresses the identified gap, and “Verify report language matches completed tests and sampled populations” verifies the result.

B:

The security distinction is that assurance statements must not imply unperformed testing. “Publish an unqualified clean audit opinion while hiding the three untested controls in appendices” addresses neither the required “Scope the conclusion to evidence and disclose testing limitations” action nor its supporting evidence: “Verify report language matches completed tests and sampled populations”.

C:

Assurance statements must not imply unperformed testing. “Treat management assertions as equivalent to independent testing for the omitted controls” does not supply that control; “Scope the conclusion to evidence and disclose testing limitations” addresses the identified gap, and “Verify report language matches completed tests and sampled populations” verifies the result.

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