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Question 161
A global biomedical research platform runs multiple GKE clusters processing genomic sequences, protein folding simulations, and AI-driven drug modeling. The system requires automatic mTLS between microservices, strict service-to-service identity authorization, detailed request-level telemetry, distributed tracing for performance diagnostics, and advanced traffic control including canary testing, fault injection, retries, and circuit breaking — all without modifying application code. Which Google Cloud solution meets these requirements?
A) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer
B) Anthos Service Mesh
C) Cloud NAT
D) Cloud VPN
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Anthos Service Mesh is the only Google Cloud solution capable of meeting all of the platform’s needs without requiring any modification to application code. Biomedical research platforms rely on numerous microservices to handle genomic reads, protein model inference, data normalization, parallel simulation orchestration, and results aggregation. These pipelines move enormous volumes of sensitive biomedical data, often governed by HIPAA or global equivalents, where encryption, identity assurance, and secure communication are mandatory. Automatic mutual TLS is one of the primary benefits of Anthos Service Mesh. It guarantees that all microservice-to-microservice traffic is encrypted by default. Because Anthos Service Mesh injects Envoy sidecars into each Kubernetes pod, the platform gains secure, centrally managed certificate issuance and rotation, eliminating manual errors and strengthening compliance posture.
Workload identity authorization is another major requirement. In complex biomedical systems, certain services such as model inference or patient record retrieval must be accessible only to specific upstream microservices. Traditional IP-based restrictions become unreliable in Kubernetes due to ephemeral pod IPs. Anthos Service Mesh instead uses Kubernetes service accounts as identity anchors, enabling a precise and stable authorization model. This ensures only intended workloads communicate with one another.
Distributed tracing and request-level telemetry deliver deep visibility into system performance. In biomedical workloads, latencies often arise from heavy compute tasks, large data transfers, or bottlenecks in ML inference. Being able to track requests across dozens of services helps teams pinpoint performance issues and optimize throughput. Anthos Service Mesh captures p95/p99 latencies, traffic volumes, error rates, and trace paths automatically, which is essential for diagnosing bottlenecks during large-scale genomic or simulation workloads.
Traffic management features like retries, circuit breaking, and timeouts increase platform resilience. Fault injection enables validation of system behavior under failure conditions, which is crucial when running long-running or expensive computations. Canary testing—especially for updated ML models for protein folding or gene sequence prediction—minimizes the risk of accuracy regressions.
Alternative solutions cannot deliver this functionality. Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancers operate at Layer 4 and cannot handle service-to-service authorization or mTLS. Cloud NAT provides internet egress, not microservice security. Cloud VPN handles hybrid encryption but does not secure intra-cluster service communications. Therefore, Anthos Service Mesh is the correct answer.
Question 162
A government defense agency must restrict access to BigQuery and Cloud Storage datasets containing military intelligence. All API requests must originate only from approved VPC networks or approved on-prem facilities connected through Dedicated Interconnect. Even if attackers obtain valid IAM keys, access from outside the perimeter must be blocked. Data exfiltration across projects or to external destinations must be prevented. Which Google Cloud service satisfies these requirements?
A) IAM Conditions
B) VPC Service Controls
C) Cloud Armor
D) Private Google Access
Answer:
B
Explanation:
VPC Service Controls is the only Google Cloud service specifically designed to enforce security perimeters around managed services such as BigQuery and Cloud Storage. Defense agencies handling military intelligence must assume that credential compromise is possible. IAM alone cannot prevent unauthorized API requests originating from untrusted networks. VPC Service Controls adds a strict network-aware layer before IAM evaluation, ensuring that only calls originating from approved VPC networks or on-prem environments using Dedicated Interconnect are allowed.
This perimeter-based enforcement prevents attackers from using stolen service account keys or user credentials on external networks. Even if the attacker has full IAM privileges, the API call is blocked at the perimeter if it originates from an untrusted network. This is essential for scenarios involving classified intelligence.
Data exfiltration prevention is another core feature. A legitimate user could inadvertently or intentionally attempt to export sensitive BigQuery tables to an external project or Cloud Storage bucket outside the security boundary. VPC Service Controls blocks such transfers by ensuring that both source and destination lie within the same protected perimeter. Without this capability, even well-configured IAM roles could still permit data leakage.
IAM Conditions provide contextual access checks but do not enforce service-level perimeters or prevent cross-project exfiltration. Cloud Armor protects external HTTP(S) traffic but cannot secure internal Google API calls. Private Google Access merely enables private VMs to reach Google APIs and does not provide perimeter security or exfiltration controls.
Thus, VPC Service Controls is the only complete solution for API-origin restrictions, zero-trust perimeter enforcement, and exfiltration prevention.
Question 163
A global energy corporation operates over 190 VPC networks and multiple regional data centers for smart grid analytics, IoT ingestion, predictive maintenance, and meter telemetry processing. They require a scalable hub-and-spoke network architecture, dynamic BGP route propagation, centralized hybrid connectivity management, prevention of transitive routing, segmentation of business units, and real-time network topology visibility. What Google Cloud service should they implement?
A) Cloud Router
B) Shared VPC
C) VPC Peering
D) Network Connectivity Center
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Network Connectivity Center is the correct choice because it centralizes multi-VPC and hybrid connectivity using a scalable hub-and-spoke architecture specifically designed for large enterprises. Energy corporations operate vast, decentralized infrastructures: power plants, substations, IoT sensor networks, analytics platforms, and regional command centers. Managing routing across 190 VPC networks manually would lead to complexity and administrative overhead.
With NCC, each VPC or hybrid connection—Interconnect, Partner Interconnect, or VPN—connects as a spoke to a central hub. This ensures consistent segmentation across business units, preventing accidental connectivity between unrelated departments such as predictive maintenance and billing. The hub-and-spoke model inherently prevents transitive routing unless explicitly configured.
Dynamic routing is handled through Cloud Router, which integrates seamlessly with NCC. When new data centers or VPCs are added, route propagation occurs automatically, avoiding error-prone manual updates. This is especially important in environments where new sites are continually deployed, such as renewable energy farms or smart grid expansions.
NCC also offers real-time visibility across global network topology. Administrators can inspect hybrid link health, routing tables, and spoke connectivity, enabling faster troubleshooting and reducing operational complexity. VPC Peering lacks this visibility and scaling capability. Shared VPC centralizes IAM but not hybrid routing. Cloud Router alone does not provide topology management or hub-level orchestration.
Therefore, Network Connectivity Center is the best option for large-scale, multi-region energy enterprises.
Question 164
A global streaming analytics company needs a load balancer with a single anycast IP, edge termination of TLS, routing to the nearest available region, automatic region failover, support for HTTP/2 and QUIC for low-latency streaming, and routing over Google’s private backbone. Which Google Cloud load balancer provides these capabilities?
A) TCP Proxy Load Balancer
B) Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
D) Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct solution for streaming analytics workloads that demand global reach, low latency, and high throughput. A single anycast IP allows all global clients to connect through the same endpoint, while Google’s edge network routes traffic to the nearest point of presence. This minimizes connection time and reduces latency for geographically distributed users.
TLS termination at the edge ensures fast SSL handshake performance, eliminating the need to route TLS operations to distant backend regions. This is particularly helpful for workloads requiring fast initiation of streaming sessions or real-time analytics dashboards.
Global health checks allow the load balancer to monitor backend regions continuously. If a region becomes unhealthy, overloaded, or temporarily offline, traffic shifts seamlessly to another region without user-impacting delays. HTTP/2 improves performance through multiplexing and header compression, reducing latency for multi-resource workloads. QUIC further improves performance by enabling faster connection establishment and resilience to packet loss.
Routing over Google’s private backbone ensures consistent, reliable performance, avoiding congestion and latency variations found on the public internet.
Other load balancers do not meet the global routing and protocol support requirements. TCP Proxy Load Balancer lacks QUIC and L7 functionality. Regional HTTP(S) Load Balancer cannot perform cross-region routing or global failover. Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer is restricted to internal network paths.
Thus, Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the only correct option.
Question 165
A multinational telecommunications provider requires private hybrid connectivity between multiple on-prem data centers and Google Cloud. They need bandwidth up to 100 Gbps per link, physically redundant circuits, SLA-backed uptime, and dynamic BGP routing with automatic failover. Traffic must bypass the public internet entirely. Which solution meets these requirements?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Dedicated Interconnect
C) Cloud VPN with static routes
D) Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Dedicated Interconnect is the correct solution because it provides high-capacity, private, redundant, SLA-backed connectivity designed for mission-critical hybrid networking. Telecommunications providers routinely manage enormous data volumes—network analytics, subscriber records, billing systems, call routing data, and network telemetry. These workloads require extremely low latency and high throughput.
Dedicated Interconnect provides bandwidth of 10 Gbps and 100 Gbps per link and supports bundling links to reach multi-hundred-gigabit capacity. Traffic bypasses the public internet entirely and flows directly across Google’s private network backbone, producing predictable latency and eliminating congestion risks.
Redundancy is built in through diverse physical fiber pathways. When properly deployed, Dedicated Interconnect achieves high uptime SLAs, critical for telco workloads where outages can impact millions of customers.
Dynamic BGP routing enables automatic failover. If a link or path fails, Cloud Router immediately reroutes traffic. Telecommunication platforms cannot tolerate long failover times because they run real-time systems.
Other options do not meet performance or redundancy requirements. Cloud VPN uses the public internet. Static route VPN lacks scalability and reliability. Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN does not provide redundancy and lacks SLA guarantees.
Therefore, Dedicated Interconnect is the only solution fulfilling all required conditions.
Question 166
A global fintech platform runs multiple GKE clusters handling payment authorization, fraud detection, customer identity validation, and real-time transaction scoring. The platform requires encrypted service-to-service traffic using automatic mTLS, granular workload identity authorization, distributed tracing for latency spikes, request-level telemetry, and advanced traffic policies such as canary routing, retries, timeouts, and circuit breaking. No code changes can be applied to microservices. Which Google Cloud solution meets these needs?
A) Cloud NAT
B) Anthos Service Mesh
C) HA VPN
D) Regional TCP Load Balancer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Anthos Service Mesh is the most suitable solution because it provides automatic mutual TLS, workload identity–driven authorization, request-level observability, distributed tracing, and traffic management features without requiring changes to application code. This is especially important in fintech environments where high security, regulatory compliance, and zero-trust internal communication are mandatory. A global fintech platform typically consists of many interconnected services—front-end API handlers, transaction routers, fraud engines, decision systems, model inference services, and payment authorization modules. Ensuring secure intra-service communication is vital because financial transactions carry sensitive details such as card numbers, identity attributes, location histories, and fraud scores.
Automatic mTLS is a core Anthos Service Mesh capability. The service mesh injects Envoy sidecars into each GKE pod. These sidecars encrypt traffic, perform certificate-based identity verification, and manage certificate rotation transparently. This eliminates risk associated with manual TLS handling and ensures that compliance requirements for encrypted traffic under PCI DSS and similar standards are met.
Workload identity–based authorization is another critical feature. In a fintech system, only specific services should be able to call certain downstream services. For example, a fraud detection engine should be able to call transaction scoring services, but not identity verification services. With Anthos Service Mesh, authorization is tied to Kubernetes service accounts rather than unstable IPs, creating a stable trust architecture.
Distributed tracing is essential because financial systems must diagnose latency issues quickly. Slowdowns in any part of the transaction flow—fraud scoring, model inference, or authorization—can cause delays in customer transactions. Anthos Service Mesh automatically gathers detailed traces, enabling engineers to identify bottlenecks quickly.
Traffic management policies help maintain reliability. Circuit breaking prevents cascading failures if a model inference service overloads. Retries help mitigate transient errors. Timeouts ensure upstream services fail fast instead of waiting excessively long for responses. Canary deployments are particularly useful when updating fraud models or decision systems—small percentages of traffic can be routed to new service versions before full rollout.
Alternative solutions do not provide these capabilities. Cloud NAT manages outbound internet access. HA VPN secures hybrid communication, not intra-cluster communication. Regional TCP Load Balancers operate at Layer 4 and cannot handle tracing or mTLS. Anthos Service Mesh is therefore the only correct answer.
Question 167
A government intelligence division stores classified data in BigQuery and Cloud Storage. They must ensure API calls originate only from approved VPC networks or on-premise sites using Dedicated Interconnect. Even if an attacker steals valid IAM credentials, they must be blocked from accessing or exporting data from outside this boundary. Cross-project copying and exfiltration must also be impossible. Which Google Cloud feature fulfills these requirements?
A) IAM Conditions
B) VPC Service Controls
C) Private Service Connect
D) Cloud Armor
Answer:
B
Explanation:
VPC Service Controls is designed specifically to enforce network-aware service perimeters around Google-managed services such as BigQuery and Cloud Storage, making it the only correct choice for protecting classified intelligence data. Intelligence divisions must mitigate not only unauthorized access but also insider threats, credential theft, and accidental exfiltration. IAM alone cannot protect against these risks because stolen credentials can be used anywhere, even from unauthorized locations. VPC Service Controls addresses this by adding a strict perimeter evaluation before IAM authorization takes place.
The first key requirement is restricting API calls to originate only from approved VPC networks or from on-prem environments using Dedicated Interconnect. VPC Service Controls enforces these rules at the API boundary. Any request from an untrusted network, even if authenticated with valid IAM credentials, is automatically denied. This eliminates the single largest risk in credential compromise scenarios.
The second major requirement is preventing data exfiltration. Without VPC Service Controls, a legitimate user with appropriate IAM access could copy a BigQuery dataset or Cloud Storage objects to an external project or bucket. VPC Service Controls blocks these actions unless both source and destination are within the same perimeter. This ensures full containment of classified intelligence workloads.
IAM Conditions provide useful metadata-based controls but cannot enforce cross-service perimeters or block project-to-project data movement. Private Service Connect provides private connectivity to Google services but does not restrict data movement or API origins. Cloud Armor protects HTTP(S) endpoints but cannot secure BigQuery or Cloud Storage API calls.
Therefore, VPC Service Controls is the only fully compliant perimeter protection system for preventing unauthorized API access and exfiltration in intelligence environments.
Question 168
A multinational manufacturing company manages 200+ VPC networks supporting IoT telemetry, robotics control, analytics clusters, MES systems, and ERP platforms. They need a scalable hybrid network architecture with a unified global hub, dynamic BGP propagation, prevention of transitive routing, business-unit segmentation, and centralized visibility for troubleshooting. The solution must simplify onboarding of new factories or new VPCs. Which service should they use?
A) Cloud Router only
B) Network Connectivity Center
C) VPC Peering
D) Shared VPC
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Network Connectivity Center is the correct answer because it enables scalable, centrally managed hybrid networking using a hub-and-spoke architecture designed for large enterprises with hundreds of VPC networks. Manufacturing companies operate highly distributed systems: factories, robotics clusters, IoT sensor networks, supply-chain analytics systems, regional control centers, and central corporate data hubs. Managing connectivity among 200+ VPCs is nearly impossible through manual routing or direct peering.
NCC provides a central global hub where each VPC or hybrid connection attaches as a spoke. This prevents unintended transitive routing and maintains strict segmentation between business units, which is critical for isolating production systems from corporate networks. NCC integrates with Cloud Router for dynamic BGP propagation, ensuring that new VPCs or factories automatically participate in routing without manual configuration.
Centralized observability is another major advantage. Administrators can visualize hybrid tunnels, Interconnect attachments, BGP routes, and spoke health in one console. This dramatically reduces troubleshooting complexity compared to managing dozens or hundreds of independent peerings.
Shared VPC centralizes IAM but cannot manage hybrid routing across hundreds of networks. VPC Peering does not scale and creates a complex mesh. Cloud Router alone provides BGP but no topology management. Only NCC satisfies all requirements.
Question 169
A global gaming platform requires a load balancer that supports a single anycast IP, edge termination of TLS, routing to the nearest healthy region, global health checks, automatic failover, and performance optimizations using HTTP/2 and QUIC. Traffic must traverse Google’s private backbone for minimal latency. Which load balancer should be used?
A) Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) TCP Proxy Load Balancer
C) Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
D) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct solution because it is specifically designed for global, latency-sensitive applications such as multiplayer games. A single anycast IP simplifies DNS and ensures users around the world connect through the closest Google edge location. This reduces latency during the initial handshake and improves overall responsiveness.
Edge TLS termination provides fast connection establishment because SSL handshakes occur at nearby edge locations instead of distant backend regions. Global health checks constantly monitor regional backends; when a region becomes congested or offline, users automatically fail over to another region without any DNS delays.
Support for QUIC and HTTP/2 ensures faster transfers, reduced head-of-line blocking, multiplexing, and resiliency in packet-loss environments, which are common among gamers with unstable networks. QUIC’s reduced handshake time significantly lowers latency for real-time interactions.
Other load balancers lack key features: Regional HTTP(S) Load Balancer cannot provide global routing or anycast IPs, Internal HTTP(S) is for private traffic only, and TCP Proxy Load Balancer lacks QUIC and L7 routing optimizations. Therefore, Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct answer.
Question 170
A global telecommunications provider needs hybrid connectivity that bypasses the public internet, supports 10–100 Gbps links, provides redundant circuits with SLA-backed uptime, and uses dynamic BGP routing for automatic failover. They must transfer massive datasets such as network telemetry, customer billing data, and call routing logs. Which solution should they choose?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Cloud VPN with static routes
C) Dedicated Interconnect
D) Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Dedicated Interconnect is the correct solution because it provides private, high-bandwidth connectivity directly from the provider’s data centers into Google’s network. Telecommunications workloads generate massive amounts of data that must be transported reliably and quickly. Dedicated Interconnect supports up to 100 Gbps per link and allows bundling multiple circuits for extremely high throughput.
Because traffic bypasses the public internet, latency is stable and predictable. Redundant circuits ensure high availability, meeting strict SLAs. Dynamic BGP routing enables automatic rerouting of traffic when failures occur, ensuring continuous connectivity. Cloud VPN and Static VPN operate on the internet and cannot meet high bandwidth requirements. Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN lacks redundancy and SLA guarantees.
Thus, Dedicated Interconnect is the only option that meets all requirements.
Question 171
A global autonomous vehicle company operates multiple GKE clusters for sensor data ingestion, real-time path planning, fleet coordination, simulation workloads, and ML inference. The platform requires automatic mTLS between all services, strong workload identity–based authorization, detailed telemetry for latency troubleshooting, distributed tracing across multistage pipelines, and sophisticated traffic policies such as canary deployments, retries, circuit breaking, and version-based routing — all without changing application code. Which Google Cloud solution should be implemented?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Anthos Service Mesh
C) Cloud NAT
D) Internal TCP Load Balancer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Anthos Service Mesh is the correct answer because it is specifically designed for secure, observable, and policy-driven communication across distributed microservices without requiring changes in the application code. Autonomous vehicle platforms contain numerous microservices for processing video frames, lidar rows, radar inputs, sensor fusion, object detection, path planning, simulation scoring, and fleet management. These microservices generate extremely high-volume, latency-sensitive traffic, where secure and reliable communication is essential.
Automatic mTLS ensures encrypted service-to-service communication, which is mandatory in environments where raw sensor streams and ML model outputs may contain proprietary or safety-critical information. Anthos Service Mesh injects Envoy sidecars into each pod, handling encryption, certificate rotation, and identity verification behind the scenes. Engineers do not need to modify any application code to achieve end-to-end encryption.
Workload identity authorization is equally critical. An object detection microservice should only be able to call specific downstream services such as tracking or prediction services — not arbitrary components. Anthos Service Mesh enforces identity policies based on Kubernetes service accounts, ensuring strict identity binding regardless of pod IP changes.
Distributed tracing is indispensable for diagnosing performance issues across complex processing pipelines. Self-driving workloads often involve dozens of transformations before producing a final inference or simulation result. Anthos Service Mesh captures request traces across microservices automatically, revealing bottlenecks such as overloaded inference pods or slow preprocessing steps.
Telemetry and metrics provide visibility into latency percentiles, throughput, error counts, and retry occurrences. In a safety-critical environment, understanding why and where latencies spike is essential for maintaining real-time performance.
Traffic management capabilities further enhance reliability. Canary deployments allow controlled rollout of new perception or prediction model versions. Circuit breaking prevents upstream services from overwhelming downstream inference components. Retries help mitigate transient network or service issues. Fault injection enables controlled testing of failure scenarios during simulation.
Alternative options lack this functionality. Cloud VPN manages hybrid connectivity but does not secure internal microservice communication. Cloud NAT enables outbound internet access only. Internal TCP load balancers provide basic L4 routing without mTLS, tracing, or service policies. Therefore, Anthos Service Mesh is the only correct solution.
Question 172
A national law enforcement agency stores forensic data, surveillance analytics, and case intelligence in BigQuery and Cloud Storage. They require strict API access controls so that only requests from approved VPC networks or from on-prem sites connected via Dedicated Interconnect are allowed. Even if valid IAM credentials are stolen, access from outside the perimeter must be blocked. Cross-project exfiltration must also be prevented. Which Google Cloud feature should be deployed?
A) Private Google Access
B) VPC Service Controls
C) IAM role restrictions
D) Cloud Armor
Answer:
B
Explanation:
VPC Service Controls is the correct solution because it provides a strong, network-aware defense layer that prevents unauthorized API access and data exfiltration even when IAM credentials are compromised. Law enforcement agencies deal with highly sensitive data such as digital forensics, surveillance metadata, investigative leads, and court-protected information. Protecting these datasets requires more than identity-based access control.
VPC Service Controls creates a security perimeter around Google Cloud services such as BigQuery and Cloud Storage. API requests from unauthorized networks — even if authenticated with valid credentials — are blocked before they ever reach the service. This prevents attackers with stolen credentials from accessing protected datasets from the internet, personal devices, or non-approved networks.
Additionally, VPC Service Controls prevents data exfiltration. Without it, a user with legitimate access could export law enforcement data to an external bucket or an unauthorized Google Cloud project. By enforcing that both source and destination must reside inside the same perimeter, VPC Service Controls eliminates this possibility.
IAM role restrictions alone cannot stop an attacker from using stolen credentials on untrusted networks. Private Google Access merely enables VMs to call Google APIs but provides no perimeter control. Cloud Armor protects HTTP(S) endpoints, not Google APIs such as BigQuery.
Thus, VPC Service Controls is the only appropriate perimeter security solution.
Question 173
A global e-commerce enterprise operates over 180 VPCs for supply-chain analytics, ERP workloads, warehouse robotics, recommendation systems, and global storefronts. They require a scalable hybrid network architecture with a centralized hub, dynamic BGP propagation for on-prem links, prevention of transitive routing, segmentation across business units, and a single dashboard for hybrid connectivity health and routing visibility. Which service should they use?
A) Shared VPC
B) Cloud Router only
C) VPC Peering
D) Network Connectivity Center
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Network Connectivity Center (NCC) is the correct answer because it enables large enterprises to manage hybrid and multi-VPC connectivity using a scalable, centralized hub-and-spoke architecture. E-commerce platforms operate complex infrastructures spanning logistics, storefront APIs, search engines, payment processing, personalization engines, and warehouse systems. This complexity requires consistent and centralized control of routing between environments.
With NCC, each VPC and hybrid connection (such as Dedicated or Partner Interconnect) attaches as a spoke to a central connectivity hub. This architecture simplifies routing and prevents unintended network paths between business units. NCC integrates with Cloud Router so that dynamic BGP propagation occurs automatically across on-prem and cloud environments. This eliminates manual route configuration and reduces operational risk when onboarding new warehouses or new cloud VPCs.
NCC also provides unified network visibility. Administrators can view hybrid links, routing tables, health status, and topology diagrams in a single interface, which dramatically simplifies troubleshooting. This is critical for large organizations with global scale.
Shared VPC centralizes IAM and project-level network administration but does not manage hybrid routing. VPC Peering does not scale beyond dozens of VPCs and creates a mesh that is difficult to manage. Cloud Router alone cannot orchestrate or visualize hybrid connectivity. NCC is therefore the only solution meeting all requirements.
Question 174
A global SaaS analytics provider needs a load balancer offering a single anycast IP, edge TLS termination, global routing to the nearest healthy backend, global health checks, automatic failover, HTTP/2 and QUIC optimizations, and traffic delivery over Google’s private backbone. Which Google Cloud load balancer should they use?
A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer
D) TCP Proxy Load Balancer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct choice because it provides all required features for globally distributed SaaS applications that demand low latency and high availability. A single anycast IP simplifies global endpoint management, while Google’s edge infrastructure routes user traffic to the closest available region. This reduces latency and accelerates session establishment.
Edge TLS termination improves performance by completing handshake operations near the user instead of sending encrypted traffic across long distances. Global health checks ensure continuous monitoring of backend regions, enabling seamless failover when a backend becomes unhealthy or overloaded.
Support for HTTP/2 and QUIC provides additional optimizations for high-performance SaaS workloads. HTTP/2 allows multiplexing multiple requests over one connection, while QUIC improves performance on lossy networks and cuts down connection setup time. Traffic routed through Google’s private backbone ensures consistency and avoids congestion typical of the public internet.
Alternatives such as TCP Proxy Load Balancer or Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer do not provide global routing or anycast capabilities. Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer is only for private internal services. Therefore, Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the only correct option.
Question 175
A multinational financial services corporation needs private hybrid connectivity from multiple data centers to Google Cloud. The connection must bypass the public internet, support bandwidth up to 100 Gbps per link, include redundant circuits with SLAs, and use dynamic BGP routing for automatic failover. Which Google Cloud service meets these needs?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN
C) Dedicated Interconnect
D) Cloud VPN with static routes
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Dedicated Interconnect is the correct solution because it offers high-bandwidth, private connectivity with redundancy and SLA guarantees suited for mission-critical financial applications. Banks and financial institutions handle workloads such as fraud detection, risk scoring, payment processing, and real-time financial modeling that require extremely reliable and high-speed communication with the cloud.
Dedicated Interconnect provides 10 Gbps and 100 Gbps links, with support for bundling multiple circuits to reach hundreds of gigabits. Traffic bypasses the public internet entirely, eliminating variability, congestion, and security risks. Redundant Interconnect circuits ensure availability even in the event of fiber cuts or equipment failures. Google offers SLAs only when redundancy is properly deployed across different physical paths.
Dynamic BGP routing ensures automatic failover, which is crucial for financial workloads that cannot tolerate downtime. In contrast, Cloud VPN uses the public internet. Cloud VPN with static routes lacks scalability. Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN does not provide redundancy or SLA-backed availability.
Thus, Dedicated Interconnect is the only choice that meets all bandwidth, reliability, and security requirements.
Question 176
A global aerospace engineering company runs multiple GKE clusters that handle satellite telemetry ingestion, flight-path analytics, propulsion system simulations, and machine-learning–based anomaly detection. They require automatic mTLS between microservices, strict workload identity authorization, end-to-end distributed tracing, latency metrics for performance tuning, and advanced traffic policies such as weighted routing, retries, timeouts, and circuit breaking — all without modifying application code. Which Google Cloud solution should they deploy?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Anthos Service Mesh
C) Cloud NAT
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Anthos Service Mesh is the only Google Cloud solution that satisfies all functional and security requirements without requiring application code changes. Aerospace companies operate extremely complex workloads across many interconnected services — telemetry ingestion from satellites, orbital health monitoring, simulation engines, failure-prediction models, and real-time anomaly detection. These services must communicate securely and reliably, often under strict regulatory and safety-critical constraints. Manual TLS management across dozens or hundreds of microservices is prone to misconfiguration; therefore automatic mTLS is essential. Anthos Service Mesh automatically injects sidecar proxies that handle encryption, certificate rotation, and identity verification, eliminating operational overhead and ensuring consistent security.
Workload identity authorization further strengthens the service-to-service trust model. In high-assurance environments such as aerospace computing, certain sensitive microservices should only be callable by specific upstream services. Anthos binds authorization policies to Kubernetes service accounts, enabling precise and stable identity control independent of pod IP changes.
Another crucial capability is distributed tracing across multistage computational pipelines. Aerospace workloads often involve large sensor streams, multi-phase simulation data, and numerous transformation services. When latency spikes or unexpected delays occur, engineers need the ability to trace requests across the system. Anthos collects trace spans, latency metrics, request paths, and error codes automatically. This observability is essential for pinpointing bottlenecks in simulation chains or ML inference flows.
Anthos Service Mesh also includes sophisticated traffic-control features. Weighted routing facilitates safe canary rollouts of new model versions or simulation algorithms. Retries assist with transient network errors. Timeouts help isolate slow components and prevent cascading failures. Circuit breaking protects downstream services, such as ML inference pods, from overload during high-traffic telemetry ingestion bursts.
None of the alternative options provide the necessary capabilities. Cloud VPN and Cloud NAT handle external or outbound connectivity, not internal microservice communication. Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancers operate only at Layer 4 and lack service-level authorization, tracing, mTLS, and traffic management. Anthos Service Mesh is the only option with the full suite of security, observability, and reliability features.
Question 177
A national cybersecurity bureau stores sensitive threat intelligence, malware signature repositories, and classified incident reports in BigQuery and Cloud Storage. API access must only occur from approved VPC networks or on-premised facilities using Dedicated Interconnect. Even if attackers steal valid IAM keys, they must not be able to access or export any data from outside the boundary. Cross-project data exfiltration must be blocked. Which security feature should be implemented?
A) Private Google Access
B) VPC Service Controls
C) Cloud Armor
D) IAM Conditions
Answer:
B
Explanation:
VPC Service Controls is the correct solution because it provides strong service perimeter enforcement, blocking unauthorized access even if attackers obtain valid IAM credentials. Cybersecurity bureaus manage deeply sensitive information, including folders of intrusion artifacts, threat actor indicators, reverse-engineered malware samples, and predictive intelligence models. Protecting such data requires more than identity-based controls; it requires strict limits on where API requests can originate.
VPC Service Controls establishes a perimeter around BigQuery, Cloud Storage, and other Google-managed services. Any API call originating from outside the permitted networks — including from the public internet, unauthorized VPCs, or personal devices — is denied before IAM evaluation. This eliminates the possibility that stolen credentials could be used outside the trusted environment.
Exfiltration control is equally important. Users with legitimate internal access could accidentally or maliciously copy datasets to an external project or a personal storage bucket. VPC Service Controls ensures that both source and destination must reside inside the perimeter, preventing movement of data to unauthorized destinations.
IAM Conditions add contextual filtering but cannot enforce service-level perimeters or prevent cross-project copying. Private Google Access only enables VMs with private IPs to reach Google APIs, but does not restrict external access. Cloud Armor secures public HTTP(S) endpoints and does not apply to BigQuery or Cloud Storage APIs. Therefore, VPC Service Controls is the only correct choice for perimeter isolation and exfiltration prevention.
Question 178
A global robotics manufacturer manages more than 220 VPC networks across multiple continents, supporting factory control systems, IoT sensor ingestion, predictive maintenance platforms, ERP systems, and robotics fleet management. They require a centralized hub-and-spoke hybrid architecture, dynamic BGP propagation, segmentation across departments, prevention of transitive routing, and a unified network topology view. Adding new VPCs or factories must require minimal manual configuration. Which Google Cloud service should they deploy?
A) VPC Peering
B) Shared VPC
C) Network Connectivity Center
D) Static routes with Cloud Router
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Network Connectivity Center (NCC) is the correct answer because it provides a scalable hub-and-spoke architecture with centralized management of hybrid connectivity across hundreds of VPC networks. Robotics manufacturing environments include assembly lines, robotic arm control systems, machine telemetry, edge computing clusters, and global monitoring dashboards. These components are distributed across many factories and regions, requiring a consistent and centrally managed network architecture.
With NCC, each VPC or on-premise site connects as a spoke to a central hub. This model prevents unintended transitive routing, helping maintain strict separation between production systems, R&D networks, and corporate workloads. NCC also integrates tightly with Cloud Router, allowing dynamic BGP propagation. When new VPCs or factories come online, the routing information is automatically exchanged without manual updates, which reduces operational complexity and improves consistency.
NCC’s topology view provides centralized visibility. Administrators can quickly see tunnel status, route advertisements, link failures, or connectivity bottlenecks. This significantly improves troubleshooting, especially when dealing with dozens of factories spread globally.
Other options are inadequate. VPC Peering creates a complex mesh and does not scale. Shared VPC centralizes IAM and network control but does not manage hybrid routing. Static routes with Cloud Router do not provide unified topology management. NCC is the only service specifically engineered for this scale and complexity.
Question 179:
A global video-streaming platform needs a load balancer that offers a single anycast IP, edge TLS termination, intelligent global routing to the closest region, automatic failover, global health checks, and support for HTTP/2 and QUIC for low-latency video delivery. Traffic must remain on Google’s private backbone. Which load balancer should they choose?
A) Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) TCP Proxy Load Balancer
C) Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
D) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct solution because it offers every capability required for delivering globally distributed, low-latency video content. Streaming platforms rely heavily on efficient content delivery networks and edge-accelerated traffic routing. A single anycast IP enables users around the world to connect to one endpoint, simplifying client configuration and improving latency by directing users to the nearest Google edge point.
TLS termination at the edge reduces connection initialization time, improving user experience during video playback startup. Global health checks ensure that regional backends are monitored continuously; if a region degrades or fails, traffic automatically shifts to the next best region.
Support for HTTP/2 enhances streaming by enabling multiplexing and header compression, which reduces overhead. QUIC provides improved performance on unreliable networks, faster connection establishment, and reduced jitter — all critical for video delivery. Routing over Google’s private backbone ensures consistent throughput, reduced packet loss, and stable performance compared to public internet routing.
Regional load balancers cannot perform global failover. TCP Proxy Load Balancer lacks QUIC and L7 routing capabilities. Internal HTTP(S) Load Balancer is designed for internal traffic, not internet-facing streaming workloads. Therefore, the Premium Tier Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is the correct answer.
Question 180
A global financial trading firm needs private hybrid connectivity between on-prem trading floors and Google Cloud. The link must bypass the public internet, support up to 100 Gbps, include redundant physical connections with SLAs, and use dynamic BGP routing for automatic failover. Which connectivity option should they select?
A) Cloud VPN
B) Cloud VPN with static routes
C) Partner Interconnect (single VLAN)
D) Dedicated Interconnect
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Dedicated Interconnect is the correct solution because it offers private, high-bandwidth connectivity with redundancy and SLA-backed guarantees. Financial trading platforms require extremely low latency and stable, predictable network performance. Market data feeds, transaction settlement messages, high-frequency trading algorithms, and risk calculations all depend on fast, reliable connections.
Dedicated Interconnect provides 10 Gbps and 100 Gbps circuits, and organizations can bundle multiple circuits to reach even higher throughput. Because all traffic bypasses the public internet, latency becomes far more stable and predictable. Redundant physical paths ensure that if one circuit fails, traffic continues via the secondary connection with no interruption.
Dynamic BGP routing ensures automatic failover, a necessity for trading workloads where milliseconds matter. Cloud VPN does not meet bandwidth or latency requirements. Static-route VPN lacks scalability and automatic routing failover. Partner Interconnect with a single VLAN does not provide redundancy and does not meet SLA needs. Thus, Dedicated Interconnect is the only viable choice.
