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Question 21
A global enterprise wants to implement a high-performance, secure multi-region application that needs low-latency communication between multiple AWS VPCs and on-premises data centers. They also want centralized control over routing policies, security inspection, and traffic monitoring. Which architecture is most suitable for this requirement?
A) Deploy VPC Peering between all VPCs in multiple regions and implement local firewalls in each VPC
B) Implement AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Use multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing and independent logging per VPC
D) Connect all VPCs via Direct Connect circuits without centralized routing
Answer: B
Explanation:
For global enterprises requiring high-performance, secure multi-region connectivity with centralized control, AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging provides the most comprehensive solution. Transit Gateway acts as a hub, allowing multiple VPCs across regions to communicate efficiently without requiring complex mesh networks. Inter-region peering ensures that traffic flows over AWS’s private backbone instead of the public internet, reducing latency, improving throughput, and maintaining consistent performance for latency-sensitive applications.
Centralized routing tables at the Transit Gateway hub provide simplified and consistent policy enforcement, reducing operational overhead. Network Firewall integration enables inspection of all inter-VPC traffic, enforcing security policies, filtering malicious traffic, and preventing lateral movement of threats within the network. Centralized logging via CloudWatch or S3 allows monitoring of network performance, anomaly detection, and real-time alerting across all connected VPCs and on-premises environments.
Option A), deploying VPC Peering with local firewalls, lacks scalability in multi-region deployments because peering does not support transitive routing natively. Each new VPC requires additional peering connections, which increases administrative complexity. Local firewalls in each VPC introduce configuration inconsistency and create challenges in centralized policy enforcement.
Option C), using multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, introduces higher latency because traffic flows over the public internet. Static routing is prone to errors, increases administrative burden, and does not provide centralized monitoring or failover capabilities.
Option D), connecting VPCs via Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but does not provide centralized routing, failover mechanisms, or traffic inspection. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits in a multi-region environment becomes operationally complex and costly.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, enterprises gain a scalable hub-and-spoke architecture that ensures secure, low-latency communication across regions, centralized policy enforcement, traffic monitoring, and simplified management. This architecture is ideal for large-scale global deployments where performance, security, and operational efficiency are critical.
Question 22
A company wants to create a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple AWS accounts, regions, and on-premises data centers. They need to enforce network segmentation, monitor traffic for anomalies, and maintain compliance with industry regulations. Which solution meets all these requirements most effectively?
A) Use VPC Peering across accounts and regions with individual NACLs per VPC
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Configure multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routes and local monitoring
D) Connect each VPC to Direct Connect circuits without centralized security
Answer: B
Explanation:
Hybrid cloud networks connecting multiple AWS accounts, regions, and on-premises data centers require a solution that combines centralized management, security enforcement, and traffic visibility. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging fulfills these requirements efficiently. Transit Gateway acts as a central hub connecting all VPCs and on-premises networks, enabling transitive routing and centralized management of routing policies.
Network Firewall deployed at the Transit Gateway hub allows the organization to implement network segmentation and enforce consistent security policies across accounts and regions. Traffic inspection at the hub provides visibility into network flows and blocks unauthorized or suspicious activity. Centralized logging and monitoring via CloudWatch or S3 allow real-time analysis of traffic patterns, anomaly detection, and compliance reporting without modifying individual VPC architectures.
Option A), using VPC Peering with NACLs, introduces operational complexity because each new VPC requires additional peering connections. Peering does not allow transitive routing natively, and policy enforcement across multiple regions and accounts becomes fragmented and error-prone.
Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routes and local monitoring, relies on public internet connectivity, which introduces latency and reduces reliability. Static routes increase administrative effort, and monitoring traffic locally in each VPC does not provide a unified view or centralized enforcement of policies.
Option D), connecting each VPC to Direct Connect without centralized security, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and policy enforcement. Operational complexity increases as the number of VPCs and regions grows.
By implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering and Network Firewall, organizations achieve a centralized, scalable, secure, and compliant architecture. The hub-and-spoke design simplifies routing, enforces consistent security, enables centralized monitoring, and provides a unified view of network activity across multi-account, multi-region hybrid cloud deployments, making it ideal for regulatory compliance and operational efficiency.
Question 23
An organization plans to deploy a global web application with multiple AWS regions. They require secure, low-latency communication between application components in different regions and want automatic failover if a region becomes unavailable. Which AWS solution provides the best balance of performance, resiliency, and security?
A) Connect VPCs using VPC Peering with manual route updates
B) Implement AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering and BGP routing
C) Configure Site-to-Site VPN between all VPCs with static routing
D) Use Direct Connect circuits to each region without Transit Gateway
Answer: B
Explanation:
Global web applications need architectures that ensure low-latency connectivity, high availability, automated failover, and robust security. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering and BGP routing offers an optimal solution for these requirements. Transit Gateway provides a central hub for inter-VPC communication, enabling scalable connectivity across multiple regions and simplifying route management. Inter-region peering ensures traffic traverses AWS’s private backbone, minimizing latency and enhancing reliability compared to public internet routes.
Dynamic routing via BGP allows automatic failover in case of a regional outage, rerouting traffic seamlessly without requiring manual intervention. Centralized route tables allow consistent routing policies, ensuring application components in different regions can communicate securely and efficiently. Security policies can be enforced centrally using Network Firewall or other inspection mechanisms, preventing unauthorized traffic between regions.
Option A), VPC Peering with manual route updates, does not scale effectively in multi-region deployments. Each new VPC pair requires additional peering connections, and failover is manual, leading to potential downtime during outages.
Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routing, depends on the public internet, increasing latency and reducing predictability. Static routes require manual updates for failover, which is operationally inefficient and unsuitable for critical applications.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits to each region without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing and failover management. Each Direct Connect connection requires separate configuration, making multi-region management cumbersome and prone to errors.
By using Transit Gateway with inter-region peering and BGP, organizations achieve a resilient, low-latency, and secure architecture for global web applications. Centralized routing, automatic failover, and scalable connectivity ensure consistent performance, reliability, and security, making it ideal for enterprise-grade, globally distributed applications.
Question 24
A multinational enterprise is designing a multi-account, multi-region AWS environment. They want to enforce centralized security policies, monitor network traffic, and optimize routing between VPCs and on-premises networks without modifying individual VPCs. Which solution best meets these requirements?
A) Deploy VPC Peering between all VPCs with local firewalls
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Configure multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routes and local monitoring
D) Connect all VPCs via Direct Connect circuits with individual routing tables
Answer: B
Explanation:
Multi-account, multi-region AWS environments require centralized network management to simplify operations and enforce consistent policies. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging provides a hub-and-spoke architecture that meets these requirements. Transit Gateway enables centralized routing and transitive connectivity between multiple VPCs and on-premises networks without modifying individual VPCs. Inter-region peering ensures low-latency traffic flow across regions via AWS’s private backbone.
Network Firewall allows the organization to enforce centralized security policies, including traffic inspection, filtering, and threat detection, at a single point. This reduces operational complexity and ensures consistent security across all VPCs. Centralized logging via CloudWatch or S3 provides real-time monitoring, anomaly detection, and reporting, enabling proactive issue resolution and compliance with regulatory requirements.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, lacks scalability and centralized control. Each VPC pair requires separate peering, and security policies must be maintained individually, which increases operational overhead and the risk of misconfiguration.
Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routes and local monitoring, introduces higher latency due to reliance on the public internet and lacks centralized routing, security, and monitoring. Failover is manual, which is unsuitable for large-scale environments.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits with individual routing tables, provides private connectivity but does not centralize routing, security, or monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits across regions is complex and costly.
By leveraging Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized logging, organizations gain a scalable, secure, and manageable architecture. This design provides centralized control of routing and security, low-latency inter-region connectivity, comprehensive monitoring, and regulatory compliance, making it ideal for multi-account, multi-region AWS environments.
Question 25
A company wants to deploy a disaster recovery network architecture across multiple AWS regions with automated failover, secure traffic, and centralized traffic inspection. They also need monitoring and alerting for network performance and security incidents. Which design is most suitable?
A) Connect all VPCs via VPC Peering with local firewalls and manual failover
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, BGP routing, and CloudWatch logging
C) Use multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing and local monitoring
D) Connect each VPC with Direct Connect circuits without centralized routing or security
Answer: B
Explanation:
Disaster recovery across multiple AWS regions requires low-latency, reliable connectivity with automatic failover, secure transmission of traffic, and centralized management of routing and security. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, BGP routing, and CloudWatch logging is the most suitable architecture for these requirements. Transit Gateway acts as a central hub connecting all VPCs, simplifying routing management and enabling transitive connectivity. Inter-region peering ensures traffic flows over AWS’s private backbone, reducing latency and improving reliability compared to public internet routes.
Dynamic routing using BGP allows automatic failover if a region becomes unavailable, rerouting traffic seamlessly without manual intervention. Network Firewall deployed at the hub inspects and filters traffic to enforce security policies and prevent unauthorized access. Centralized logging and monitoring through CloudWatch provide visibility into network performance, detect anomalies, generate alerts for suspicious activity, and support regulatory compliance.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, is operationally complex in multi-region setups. Failover is manual, security policies are decentralized, and transitive routing is not supported natively, making it unsuitable for disaster recovery.
Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routing, relies on public internet connections, which can be unreliable and introduce variable latency. Static routes require manual updates, slowing failover response and increasing operational complexity.
Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security, and monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits in multi-region environments increases cost and complexity.
Implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, BGP routing, and CloudWatch logging provides a scalable, secure, and highly available disaster recovery network. Centralized traffic management, automated failover, and comprehensive monitoring ensure operational continuity, low-latency communication, security compliance, and efficient management for critical enterprise workloads.
Question 26
An organization has multiple AWS accounts across different business units and requires a centralized networking solution to manage inter-VPC traffic, enforce consistent security policies, and simplify operational complexity. They also need the ability to connect on-premises data centers securely. Which solution best addresses these requirements?
A) Deploy VPC Peering connections between all VPCs and configure local firewalls per VPC
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Implement multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Connect all VPCs via Direct Connect circuits without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
For organizations managing multiple AWS accounts across business units, a centralized networking solution is essential for reducing operational complexity, enforcing consistent security policies, and enabling efficient connectivity between VPCs and on-premises networks. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging provides a scalable, robust solution. Transit Gateway functions as a hub in a hub-and-spoke topology, allowing multiple VPCs across regions to communicate seamlessly without requiring complex peering meshes.
Centralized route tables at the Transit Gateway hub enable unified routing policies, reducing administrative overhead and ensuring that network traffic between VPCs and on-premises systems follows approved paths. Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection and enforcement of security policies. This integration allows organizations to implement intrusion prevention, packet filtering, and anomaly detection in a single location instead of configuring multiple firewalls across every VPC.
Centralized logging and monitoring through CloudWatch or S3 provide comprehensive visibility into network activity, enabling the detection of irregular traffic patterns, latency issues, or potential security breaches. This unified monitoring also supports regulatory compliance by providing detailed audit trails across accounts and regions.
Option A), deploying VPC Peering with local firewalls, scales poorly in multi-account environments. Peering does not provide transitive routing, meaning that each VPC pair requires a separate connection, increasing management complexity and potential misconfigurations. Local firewalls in each VPC increase operational burden and create inconsistencies in policy enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, which can lead to inconsistent performance and latency. Static routes are prone to human error and make automated failover difficult. Monitoring each VPN separately prevents centralized visibility.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, traffic inspection, and monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect links across accounts and regions is operationally intensive and costly.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized logging, organizations gain a scalable, secure, and highly manageable network architecture. This design simplifies routing, enables consistent security enforcement, provides centralized monitoring, and ensures low-latency communication between AWS accounts and on-premises systems, making it the ideal solution for complex enterprise networks.
Question 27
A multinational company wants to deploy a multi-region application that requires secure, high-speed communication between VPCs in different AWS regions. They also require centralized traffic inspection, automated failover, and monitoring for compliance purposes. Which architecture provides the most effective solution?
A) Connect VPCs using VPC Peering and configure local firewalls in each region
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Establish multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Connect all VPCs through Direct Connect circuits without centralized security
Answer: B
Explanation:
For multi-region applications, achieving secure, high-speed communication between VPCs requires leveraging AWS’s private backbone for optimal performance while maintaining centralized security and monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging offers the most effective approach. Transit Gateway provides a hub-and-spoke architecture, enabling seamless transitive connectivity between multiple VPCs without the complexity of a full mesh network. Inter-region peering ensures that traffic flows across AWS’s global private backbone, reducing latency and improving throughput compared to public internet routing.
Network Firewall integration provides centralized traffic inspection and policy enforcement. Organizations can define firewall rules to block malicious traffic, enforce segmentation, and prevent unauthorized lateral movement across VPCs. This approach ensures compliance with industry regulations, reduces the risk of misconfigurations, and allows uniform security policies to be applied across all regions.
Centralized logging and monitoring through CloudWatch or S3 enable real-time visibility of traffic flows, application performance, and security incidents. Alerts can be configured for anomalous traffic patterns or potential security threats, allowing rapid response and automated incident management.
Option A), using VPC Peering and local firewalls, does not scale well for multi-region architectures. Each VPC pair requires individual peering, creating an operationally complex mesh network. Local firewalls increase administrative burden and risk inconsistencies in policy enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, depends on public internet connectivity, which introduces latency, potential packet loss, and variability in throughput. Static routing requires manual updates and does not support automated failover efficiently.
Option D), Direct Connect without centralized security, offers private connectivity but does not provide centralized routing, traffic inspection, or monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits becomes cumbersome and expensive across regions.
Implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging provides a scalable, secure, and resilient solution for multi-region applications. It ensures high-speed connectivity, centralized security, automated failover, and compliance monitoring, which are essential for large enterprise deployments with global presence.
Question 28
A global enterprise is planning to implement a hybrid cloud architecture connecting multiple AWS VPCs, AWS accounts, and on-premises data centers. They require centralized routing, security inspection, and performance monitoring to reduce operational overhead. Which solution best meets these requirements?
A) Deploy VPC Peering with individual firewalls in each VPC and manual routing
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Establish multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing and per-VPC monitoring
D) Connect all VPCs via Direct Connect circuits without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
A hybrid cloud architecture that spans multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises environments requires centralized routing, consistent security inspection, and comprehensive performance monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging provides a hub-and-spoke architecture that fulfills these requirements. Transit Gateway serves as the central hub, enabling transitive connectivity between all VPCs and on-premises networks, simplifying route management and ensuring traffic flows through approved paths. Inter-region peering ensures low-latency, high-speed communication using AWS’s private backbone, reducing dependency on public internet routes.
Network Firewall integrated at the Transit Gateway hub provides centralized security inspection, including intrusion prevention, packet filtering, and traffic segmentation. This eliminates the need to configure firewalls individually for each VPC, reducing operational complexity and minimizing the potential for misconfigurations. Security policies can be applied consistently across all accounts, regions, and VPCs, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and enterprise security standards.
Centralized monitoring via CloudWatch enables real-time analysis of traffic patterns, detection of anomalies, and creation of alerts for potential security incidents or network performance issues. Organizations gain full visibility into their hybrid cloud environment without relying on manual monitoring of individual VPCs or VPN connections.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls, scales poorly because transitive routing is not supported natively. Managing multiple peering connections and individual firewall rules increases administrative burden and risks inconsistent security policies.
Option C), Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, introduces latency, relies on the public internet, and lacks centralized traffic inspection. Static routes require manual failover configuration, which can cause downtime during outages.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but does not offer centralized routing, security inspection, or monitoring. Managing multiple circuits across regions and accounts becomes operationally intensive and expensive.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized logging ensures centralized control over routing, robust security inspection, and real-time monitoring, simplifying hybrid cloud management, reducing operational overhead, and improving network reliability and performance.
Question 29
A multinational organization wants to implement a secure and highly available multi-region AWS network that connects multiple accounts and on-premises data centers. They also require automated failover, centralized security enforcement, and detailed traffic logging for compliance. Which architecture provides the most effective solution?
A) Connect VPCs using VPC Peering with individual firewalls and manual failover
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, BGP routing, and CloudWatch logging
C) Use multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Connect all VPCs through Direct Connect circuits without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
For secure, highly available multi-region networks, a centralized hub-and-spoke architecture is essential. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, BGP routing, and CloudWatch logging provides the most effective solution. Transit Gateway acts as a central hub connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises data centers, allowing transitive routing between networks without complex mesh configurations. Inter-region peering ensures low-latency, high-performance communication over AWS’s private backbone, reducing dependency on public internet traffic.
Dynamic routing using BGP enables automated failover in the event of regional outages. If one region becomes unavailable, routes are automatically updated, ensuring uninterrupted connectivity without manual intervention. Network Firewall provides centralized security inspection, enforcing segmentation and filtering traffic based on enterprise security policies. This reduces risks of lateral movement, unauthorized access, and potential security breaches across multiple regions and accounts.
Centralized logging and monitoring via CloudWatch enable detailed visibility into network traffic, anomalies, and security incidents. Organizations can generate alerts, maintain audit trails for compliance, and ensure rapid detection and remediation of operational or security issues. This centralized monitoring also simplifies compliance reporting for regulated industries, ensuring that policies are uniformly enforced across all accounts and regions.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls and manual failover, lacks scalability. Peering requires a separate connection for each VPC pair, and failover is manual, resulting in potential downtime. Local firewalls increase operational complexity and risk inconsistent policy enforcement.
Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routing, relies on public internet connections, leading to latency variability and performance unpredictability. Static routing and decentralized monitoring are operationally inefficient and unsuitable for enterprise-scale disaster recovery or compliance requirements.
Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but does not centralize routing, security, or logging. Multiple circuits across regions and accounts increase complexity and operational overhead.
By implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, BGP routing, and CloudWatch logging, organizations achieve a resilient, secure, and highly available multi-region network with automated failover, centralized security, and comprehensive monitoring, making it ideal for global enterprises with stringent compliance requirements.
Question 30
A company plans to deploy a hybrid cloud solution with multiple AWS regions and accounts. They require centralized routing management, secure inspection of traffic between VPCs and on-premises networks, and comprehensive logging for compliance and operational monitoring. Which architecture is most appropriate?
A) Connect VPCs using VPC Peering and configure individual firewalls per VPC
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Establish multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing and local monitoring
D) Connect each VPC via Direct Connect circuits without centralized routing or security
Answer: B
Explanation:
Hybrid cloud architectures spanning multiple regions and accounts require a solution that provides centralized control, security inspection, and comprehensive monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging offers a scalable and manageable solution. Transit Gateway acts as a hub for inter-VPC and on-premises connectivity, enabling transitive routing between multiple VPCs and accounts without the need to reconfigure individual VPCs. Inter-region peering ensures that traffic flows over AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, high-performance communication across global deployments.
Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection and enforcement of security policies. Organizations can apply firewall rules at the hub to inspect inbound and outbound traffic, enforce segmentation, and prevent unauthorized access or lateral movement within their cloud environment. This centralized inspection reduces administrative complexity and ensures uniform enforcement of security policies across all accounts and regions.
Centralized logging through CloudWatch enables organizations to collect, analyze, and visualize network traffic patterns, detect anomalies, and maintain audit logs for compliance. Alerts can be generated for suspicious activity, allowing rapid remediation. This centralized monitoring provides a comprehensive view of hybrid cloud network health and performance, enabling proactive management and compliance reporting.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls, is operationally intensive because each new VPC requires a peering connection. Local firewall management increases the risk of inconsistent policies and operational errors.
Option C), Site-to-Site VPN with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, introducing latency and variability. Manual failover and decentralized monitoring are inefficient for enterprise-scale hybrid networks.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and logging. Multiple Direct Connect circuits across regions and accounts increase complexity and operational overhead.
By implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized logging, organizations gain a centralized, secure, and resilient hybrid cloud network. This architecture simplifies routing management, enforces security consistently, ensures high-performance connectivity, and provides detailed visibility for compliance and operational monitoring.
Question 31
A company is deploying a multi-account AWS environment with multiple VPCs across different regions. They want to ensure secure, scalable communication between all VPCs, centralized routing, and monitoring, while minimizing the operational complexity of managing multiple peering connections. Which solution best meets these requirements?
A) Establish VPC Peering connections between all VPCs and deploy local firewalls in each VPC
B) Implement AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Create multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Connect all VPCs via Direct Connect circuits without centralized routing or security inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Managing a multi-account AWS environment across multiple regions presents several challenges, including scalability, secure communication, centralized routing, and monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging provides a robust solution that addresses all these challenges. Transit Gateway serves as a centralized hub, enabling transitive routing between multiple VPCs and AWS accounts without requiring complex mesh connections. Inter-region peering ensures low-latency, high-speed connectivity across geographically distributed VPCs using AWS’s private backbone, rather than relying on the public internet.
Centralized routing through Transit Gateway reduces operational complexity significantly. Instead of managing individual route tables in each VPC, network administrators can define routing policies at the hub, which are automatically applied to all connected VPCs. This hub-and-spoke model drastically simplifies network management and ensures consistency across accounts and regions.
Integrating Network Firewall at the Transit Gateway hub provides centralized security inspection for all traffic flowing between VPCs and on-premises networks. Organizations can implement consistent rules for intrusion prevention, packet filtering, and segmentation, ensuring secure communication across accounts and regions. Centralized firewall management also reduces the risk of configuration errors, which are common when firewalls are deployed individually in each VPC.
Centralized logging and monitoring via CloudWatch provide visibility into network activity, performance metrics, and potential security incidents. Organizations can implement real-time alerts and auditing for compliance purposes, enabling rapid detection of anomalies or malicious activity. This is particularly crucial in multi-account environments where operational oversight can be fragmented without centralized monitoring.
Option A), using VPC Peering and local firewalls, does not scale well because each VPC pair requires a separate peering connection, resulting in a complex mesh of connections that is difficult to maintain. Local firewalls increase administrative overhead and can lead to inconsistent security policies.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, which can introduce latency, packet loss, and performance inconsistency. Static routing is also prone to human error and lacks automated failover, making it unsuitable for enterprise-scale environments.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits without Transit Gateway, offers private connectivity but does not provide centralized routing, security inspection, or monitoring. Managing multiple circuits across regions and accounts is operationally intensive and costly.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized logging, organizations gain a scalable, secure, and highly manageable multi-account network architecture. This approach ensures consistent security, simplifies routing, improves performance, and provides comprehensive visibility, making it the ideal solution for complex, distributed enterprise networks.
Question 32
An enterprise with multiple AWS regions and accounts requires a network solution that supports transitive routing, centralized security policies, automated failover, and detailed monitoring. The architecture should also minimize administrative overhead while ensuring high availability and low latency between regions. Which solution best fits these requirements?
A) Deploy VPC Peering connections between all regions with individual firewalls
B) Implement AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging
C) Use multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Establish Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
For enterprises operating across multiple regions and accounts, achieving secure, low-latency communication with centralized policy enforcement and automated failover requires a carefully designed network architecture. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging provides a centralized, scalable solution that addresses all these requirements. Transit Gateway enables transitive routing between VPCs and accounts, eliminating the need for complex, manually managed mesh networks. Inter-region peering ensures that traffic between geographically distributed VPCs flows over AWS’s private backbone, reducing latency and improving reliability compared to internet-based routes.
Centralized routing with Transit Gateway significantly reduces operational complexity. Administrators can define global routing policies that automatically propagate to all connected VPCs, preventing misconfigurations and simplifying network expansion. Dynamic routing protocols, such as BGP, provide automated failover, ensuring high availability in the event of regional outages or connectivity issues.
Network Firewall integrated at the Transit Gateway hub allows organizations to enforce centralized security policies across all regions and accounts. This includes intrusion prevention, traffic inspection, packet filtering, and segmentation. Centralized firewall management reduces the risk of inconsistent security policies and enhances compliance with regulatory requirements.
CloudWatch centralized logging provides visibility into traffic flows, application performance, and potential security incidents. Alerts and dashboards enable proactive monitoring, while audit logs facilitate compliance reporting. This centralized monitoring eliminates the need to monitor each VPC separately, reducing operational overhead and improving network observability.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls, lacks scalability because each VPC pair requires a separate peering connection. Managing multiple firewalls per VPC increases administrative complexity and risks inconsistent security enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, introducing potential latency, packet loss, and unpredictable performance. Static routing requires manual failover configuration, increasing downtime risk.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but does not centralize routing, security, or logging. Managing multiple circuits across regions and accounts is operationally intensive and prone to errors.
By implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging, enterprises achieve a high-performance, resilient, and secure multi-region network. This solution simplifies routing management, enforces consistent security policies, ensures automated failover, and provides comprehensive visibility for operational and compliance purposes.
Question 33
A global enterprise is deploying a hybrid cloud environment with multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises networks. They require centralized routing, secure inspection of inter-VPC and on-premises traffic, high availability, and detailed operational monitoring. Which solution best meets these requirements?
A) Connect VPCs with VPC Peering and deploy individual firewalls per VPC
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging
C) Implement multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Deploy Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Hybrid cloud environments spanning multiple AWS accounts, regions, and on-premises networks require a solution that simplifies routing, enforces consistent security, and provides operational visibility. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging addresses all of these requirements effectively. Transit Gateway serves as a centralized hub, enabling transitive routing between VPCs and on-premises networks, eliminating the need for complex peering connections or manual routing configurations. Inter-region peering ensures traffic flows over AWS’s private backbone, delivering low latency and high throughput while avoiding the public internet.
Centralized routing through Transit Gateway reduces administrative overhead, as network administrators can define routing policies once at the hub, which automatically apply to all connected VPCs and accounts. This simplifies network management, prevents misconfigurations, and allows seamless scaling as new VPCs or accounts are added. Dynamic routing protocols such as BGP enable automated failover between regions or on-premises connections, ensuring high availability and minimizing downtime.
Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection and policy enforcement. Organizations can implement intrusion detection, packet filtering, and segmentation at a single location, rather than deploying firewalls individually in every VPC. Centralized firewall management ensures consistent security policies across all environments, reducing the risk of misconfigurations and enhancing regulatory compliance.
Centralized logging via CloudWatch allows real-time monitoring of traffic patterns, performance metrics, and potential security events. Alerts, dashboards, and audit logs enable proactive operational management and compliance reporting. This eliminates the need for decentralized monitoring, providing a unified view of network health and security posture.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, does not scale well. Each VPC pair requires a separate peering connection, and individual firewalls increase administrative overhead and risk inconsistent security enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, which is subject to variable latency and packet loss. Static routing and decentralized monitoring complicate failover and troubleshooting.
Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits across regions and accounts increases operational complexity and cost.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging, enterprises gain a scalable, secure, and highly available hybrid cloud network. This architecture centralizes routing, simplifies security enforcement, ensures high-performance connectivity, and provides detailed operational and compliance visibility.
Question 34
A company requires a centralized solution for connecting multiple AWS VPCs across regions and accounts while enforcing security policies and monitoring traffic. They also want automated failover, low latency, and operational simplicity. Which solution is most suitable?
A) Deploy VPC Peering and configure local firewalls per VPC
B) Implement AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging
C) Establish multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Connect all VPCs via Direct Connect without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
For enterprises with multiple AWS accounts and VPCs across regions, the network solution must combine centralized routing, security enforcement, monitoring, and automated failover while minimizing operational complexity. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging provides a centralized hub-and-spoke architecture that meets all these requirements. Transit Gateway allows transitive routing between VPCs and accounts, eliminating the need for complex peering meshes. Inter-region peering ensures high-speed, low-latency connectivity over AWS’s private backbone, avoiding performance limitations of the public internet.
Centralized routing simplifies management. Administrators can define routing policies once at the Transit Gateway hub, which automatically propagates to all connected VPCs and accounts. Dynamic routing protocols such as BGP provide automated failover, ensuring high availability during regional or network outages.
Network Firewall enables centralized inspection of all traffic, allowing organizations to implement consistent security policies, intrusion detection, packet filtering, and segmentation across multiple accounts and regions. Centralized firewall management reduces administrative overhead and prevents inconsistent enforcement that could occur if firewalls were deployed individually per VPC.
Centralized monitoring through CloudWatch provides visibility into traffic flows, network performance, and security incidents. Alerts, dashboards, and audit logs allow organizations to detect anomalies quickly, troubleshoot issues efficiently, and meet regulatory compliance requirements.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, does not scale because each VPC pair requires a separate peering connection. Local firewalls increase operational complexity and may lead to inconsistent policy enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, introducing latency, packet loss, and inconsistent performance. Static routing and decentralized monitoring complicate failover and operational management.
Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring. Managing multiple circuits across regions and accounts is operationally intensive and prone to errors.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging, companies achieve centralized, secure, high-performance, and highly available networking, simplifying management, enforcing consistent security, and providing comprehensive monitoring for operational and compliance purposes.
Question 35
A global enterprise is designing a hybrid cloud network with multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises data centers. They require centralized routing, secure traffic inspection, high availability, automated failover, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which architecture is most appropriate?
A) Connect VPCs via VPC Peering and deploy local firewalls per VPC
B) Implement AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging
C) Use multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Deploy Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a hybrid cloud network for a global enterprise requires a solution that centralizes routing, ensures security, maintains high availability, supports automated failover, and provides operational and compliance visibility. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging is the most suitable solution. Transit Gateway acts as a hub connecting multiple VPCs across accounts and regions while enabling transitive routing. Inter-region peering ensures high-speed, low-latency connectivity over AWS’s private backbone, avoiding public internet limitations and ensuring reliable communication across regions.
Centralized routing simplifies management and reduces operational complexity. Network administrators define routing policies at the hub, which propagate automatically to all connected VPCs and accounts. Dynamic routing protocols, such as BGP, provide automated failover, ensuring high availability in the event of regional or network failures.
Network Firewall enables centralized traffic inspection, including intrusion prevention, packet filtering, and segmentation. This ensures consistent security policy enforcement across all environments and reduces the risk of misconfigurations that could arise from deploying firewalls individually in each VPC. Centralized firewall management also enhances compliance by ensuring traffic is consistently inspected and logged according to enterprise policies.
CloudWatch centralized logging provides visibility into traffic flows, network performance, and security incidents. Organizations can generate alerts, maintain audit trails, and ensure compliance reporting is accurate and complete. Centralized monitoring eliminates the need for managing separate logging and monitoring for each VPC, improving operational efficiency.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, does not scale effectively. Each VPC pair requires a separate peering connection, increasing operational complexity, and local firewalls may lead to inconsistent security enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, which introduces latency, packet loss, and performance variability. Manual failover is required, complicating operational management.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring. Managing multiple circuits across regions and accounts increases complexity and cost.
By implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging, the enterprise achieves a highly available, secure, and centralized hybrid cloud network with automated failover and comprehensive operational and compliance monitoring. This architecture simplifies management, improves performance, ensures security, and enables centralized visibility across multiple AWS accounts and regions.
Question 36
A company is designing a global network architecture using multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises data centers. They require secure, centralized routing between VPCs, inter-region connectivity, automated failover, and comprehensive monitoring to meet compliance requirements. Which architecture best addresses these requirements?
A) Deploy VPC Peering connections between all VPCs and configure firewalls in each VPC
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Implement multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Establish Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or security inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a global AWS network for multiple accounts, VPCs, and on-premises data centers involves several critical requirements: secure centralized routing, inter-region connectivity, high availability with automated failover, and detailed monitoring for compliance. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging provides a holistic solution addressing these requirements effectively.
Transit Gateway functions as a central hub connecting multiple VPCs across AWS accounts and regions. Unlike VPC Peering, which requires individual peering connections for each VPC pair, Transit Gateway provides a scalable, centralized approach, reducing management overhead. It allows transitive routing, meaning traffic can flow between all attached VPCs and on-premises networks without creating complex peering meshes. Inter-region peering ensures traffic flows over AWS’s private backbone, providing low-latency, high-throughput connections that are more reliable than internet-based paths.
Security is enforced centrally using Network Firewall at the Transit Gateway hub. Centralized firewalls provide consistent inspection and policy enforcement for all traffic, including packet filtering, intrusion detection, and segmentation. Deploying individual firewalls in each VPC can lead to inconsistent configurations and increased administrative overhead, whereas centralized firewalls reduce operational complexity while maintaining enterprise-level security.
CloudWatch centralized logging allows comprehensive monitoring of network traffic, latency, and potential security incidents. It enables real-time alerting and automated notifications, simplifying troubleshooting and proactive maintenance. Centralized logs also facilitate regulatory compliance, providing detailed audit trails for traffic inspection and security events across multiple accounts and regions.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, is not suitable for global architectures because the number of peering connections grows exponentially as VPCs increase. It lacks centralized management and monitoring, increasing administrative complexity and the risk of misconfiguration.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on the public internet, which introduces variable latency, packet loss, and performance instability. Static routing requires manual updates, making failover complex and error-prone.
Option D), Direct Connect circuits without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but does not offer centralized routing, centralized security inspection, or monitoring. Managing multiple circuits across accounts and regions is operationally intensive and inefficient.
Using Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging allows organizations to centralize network control, secure traffic consistently, ensure high availability with automated failover, and maintain operational visibility across complex multi-account, multi-region networks. This solution scales easily, improves operational efficiency, enhances security, and supports compliance requirements for enterprise-grade hybrid cloud environments.
Question 37
An enterprise wants to design a hybrid cloud network that securely connects multiple AWS VPCs across regions, AWS accounts, and on-premises data centers. They require centralized routing, automated failover, low-latency connectivity, and detailed operational monitoring. Which solution best fulfills these needs?
A) Establish VPC Peering connections between all VPCs and configure firewalls individually
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Use multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Create Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a hybrid cloud network spanning multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises data centers requires a solution that simplifies routing, ensures security, provides automated failover, maintains low-latency communication, and delivers centralized operational monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging fulfills all these requirements effectively.
Transit Gateway enables centralized routing and transitive connectivity between multiple VPCs and on-premises networks, eliminating the need to establish complex VPC Peering meshes that are operationally intensive to manage. It allows a hub-and-spoke architecture where each VPC or on-premises network connects to the central hub, and routing policies propagate automatically. Inter-region peering ensures high-speed, low-latency connectivity over AWS’s private backbone, avoiding the limitations of public internet connectivity and enhancing network reliability.
Centralized security is achieved through Network Firewall integrated at the Transit Gateway hub. Centralized firewalls allow consistent policy enforcement, including intrusion detection, segmentation, packet filtering, and monitoring. Individual firewalls per VPC increase administrative overhead and risk inconsistent configurations, while a centralized solution reduces complexity and ensures security across accounts and regions.
CloudWatch centralized logging provides operational visibility across the entire network, enabling real-time monitoring of traffic, latency, and security events. Alerts and automated notifications allow rapid incident response, while audit logs facilitate regulatory compliance. This approach eliminates the need to monitor each VPC or region separately, improving efficiency and operational control.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, lacks scalability because each VPC pair requires a separate peering connection, leading to complex management as the network grows. Individual firewalls increase administrative complexity and risk inconsistent enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, resulting in variable latency and potential packet loss. Static routing increases manual management, complicates failover, and decreases overall reliability.
Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits across accounts and regions is operationally challenging and prone to misconfiguration.
Implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging provides a scalable, secure, and resilient hybrid cloud network. It ensures low-latency connectivity, centralized security enforcement, automated failover, and comprehensive monitoring, making it the optimal solution for enterprise-scale multi-region, multi-account, and hybrid cloud architectures.
Question 38
A global organization wants to implement a scalable network that connects multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises environments with centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring. They also need automated failover and low-latency inter-region connectivity. Which architecture is most appropriate?
A) Connect all VPCs using VPC Peering with individual firewalls per VPC
B) Deploy AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging
C) Implement multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing for each VPC
D) Create Direct Connect circuits to each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Building a scalable global network across multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and on-premises environments requires a solution that centralizes routing, enforces security consistently, provides monitoring, ensures automated failover, and maintains low-latency inter-region connectivity. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging is the most suitable architecture for these requirements.
Transit Gateway enables a centralized hub-and-spoke model, allowing multiple VPCs and on-premises networks to communicate through a single hub. Unlike VPC Peering, which requires a separate connection for each pair of VPCs, Transit Gateway scales efficiently as new VPCs or accounts are added, significantly reducing operational complexity. Inter-region peering provides high-speed, low-latency connectivity across geographically distributed regions using AWS’s private backbone instead of public internet routes, ensuring reliable and performant communication.
Network Firewall at the Transit Gateway hub provides centralized traffic inspection and security policy enforcement. It allows intrusion detection, segmentation, and packet filtering for all connected VPCs and on-premises networks. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC increases administrative overhead and risks inconsistent security, while centralized firewalls provide uniform enforcement and simplified management.
CloudWatch centralized logging ensures comprehensive visibility into network activity, performance metrics, and security events. Organizations can generate real-time alerts, perform traffic analysis, and maintain audit logs for regulatory compliance. Centralized monitoring reduces operational complexity by consolidating visibility across all accounts, VPCs, and regions.
Option A), VPC Peering with individual firewalls, lacks scalability and centralized management. Each VPC pair requires a separate peering connection, and local firewalls increase the likelihood of misconfigurations and inconsistent security enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, leading to variable latency, packet loss, and unpredictable performance. Manual failover and decentralized routing complicate management and reduce reliability.
Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits across accounts and regions increases operational complexity and cost.
Implementing Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch logging delivers a robust, secure, scalable, and highly available global network. This solution centralizes routing, enforces consistent security policies, provides low-latency inter-region communication, automates failover, and delivers comprehensive monitoring for operational and compliance purposes, making it the ideal choice for enterprise-scale architectures.
Question 39
An enterprise has multiple AWS accounts, VPCs across regions, and on-premises networks. They need a solution for centralized routing, consistent security inspection, automated failover, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and detailed monitoring for compliance purposes. Which architecture best meets these requirements?
A) Deploy VPC Peering with local firewalls in each VPC
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Implement multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing
D) Connect all VPCs with Direct Connect without centralized routing or inspection
Answer: B
Explanation:
For enterprises managing multi-account, multi-region AWS environments with on-premises networks, a centralized, secure, and scalable network architecture is essential. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging provides a comprehensive solution addressing all critical requirements.
Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub that connects multiple VPCs and on-premises networks, allowing transitive routing without requiring complex VPC Peering meshes. This simplifies management, reduces the risk of misconfigurations, and scales efficiently as the number of VPCs or accounts increases. Inter-region peering ensures low-latency, high-speed connectivity across geographically distributed regions using AWS’s private backbone, avoiding performance and reliability issues associated with public internet connections.
Centralized security via Network Firewall enables consistent traffic inspection and policy enforcement across all accounts, regions, and VPCs. The firewall allows intrusion detection, segmentation, and packet filtering from a single location, reducing administrative overhead and ensuring compliance with enterprise security standards. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC increases complexity and the likelihood of inconsistent enforcement.
CloudWatch centralized logging provides operational visibility, monitoring traffic patterns, performance metrics, and potential security incidents. Alerts, dashboards, and audit logs allow proactive issue resolution and facilitate regulatory compliance reporting. Centralized monitoring eliminates the need for decentralized, per-VPC monitoring, improving operational efficiency and visibility.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, is difficult to scale as the number of VPCs increases. Each pair requires a separate peering connection, and local firewalls complicate management and risk inconsistent enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPNs with static routing, relies on public internet connectivity, resulting in latency and potential packet loss. Manual failover adds operational complexity and reduces reliability.
Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring. Managing multiple Direct Connect circuits is complex and operationally expensive.
By deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging, organizations achieve centralized routing, consistent security, automated failover, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and detailed operational and compliance monitoring. This solution is highly scalable, simplifies management, enhances security, ensures high availability, and provides comprehensive visibility, making it ideal for enterprise-scale, multi-account, multi-region networks.
Question 40
A company operates multiple AWS accounts with VPCs in different regions and requires a hybrid cloud network that provides centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security inspection, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring for compliance. Which solution best satisfies these requirements?
A) Connect VPCs using VPC Peering with individual firewalls per VPC
B) Implement AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging
C) Establish multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing per VPC
D) Create Direct Connect circuits for each VPC without centralized routing or monitoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a hybrid cloud network that spans multiple AWS accounts, VPCs, and regions requires a solution that provides centralized routing, automated failover, consistent security, low-latency inter-region connectivity, and centralized monitoring. AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging fulfills all these requirements effectively.
Transit Gateway enables a hub-and-spoke architecture connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks while providing transitive routing. This approach avoids the complexity of VPC Peering meshes, which become unmanageable as the number of VPCs grows. Inter-region peering ensures traffic flows over AWS’s private backbone with low latency and high throughput, improving network performance and reliability compared to public internet routes.
Centralized security is provided by Network Firewall, which inspects traffic and enforces security policies consistently across all accounts and regions. The firewall supports intrusion detection, segmentation, and packet filtering, reducing operational overhead and ensuring uniform policy enforcement. Deploying firewalls individually per VPC can result in inconsistent security and increased administrative burden.
CloudWatch centralized logging allows organizations to monitor traffic, latency, and security events in real-time. It provides centralized dashboards, alerting, and auditing for compliance purposes. Centralized logging reduces operational complexity by consolidating monitoring for all VPCs and regions.
Option A), VPC Peering with local firewalls, lacks scalability because each VPC pair requires a separate connection. Individual firewalls increase complexity and risk inconsistent security enforcement.
Option C), multiple Site-to-Site VPN connections with static routing, relies on the public internet, introducing variable latency, packet loss, and operational complexity. Manual failover is required, reducing reliability.
Option D), Direct Connect without Transit Gateway, provides private connectivity but lacks centralized routing, security inspection, and monitoring. Managing multiple circuits is operationally intensive and prone to errors.
Deploying Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch centralized logging delivers a scalable, secure, and highly available hybrid cloud network. It centralizes routing, ensures consistent security enforcement, supports automated failover, enables low-latency inter-region communication, and provides comprehensive monitoring for operational efficiency and compliance, making it the ideal architecture for enterprise-scale hybrid cloud networks.
