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Connecting to an Oracle Database

1. Connecting to an Oracle Database

Mentioned about users in the database. We can log into the database using any of these user accounts that were created inside the database. But what if the database is offline? If these user accounts reside within the database, then how do I connect to start a database? Obviously, the database will not be open at that time. meaning that the user accounts are not accessible. Oracle uses operating system authentication for that. When I did the installation, I logged into my computer as Sam, right? That user is now part of a special group. So that whenever I log into my computer, I can start, stop, and administer the database. This is the starting point. I can log in as Sindbad. I will demonstrate about the login process soon. But let us talk about Sindbad for a few seconds. Sistema is actually not a database user. It's actually a privilege. Or, if I can explain it with a real-world example, it can be your position in a situation you are in. For example, in an airplane, pilot is not the name of the person. It's his position in that flight. So when he enters the aero plane with the authority of a pilot, then he can operate the aero plane during the next trip, and somebody else can come in as a pilot. So like that, by the virtue of my operating system privilege, I can log in as SIS DBA. Then I can start and stop the database. Thank you.

2. Demo - Connecting as SYSDBA

In this video we will take a look at connecting to an Oracle database as siesta. Open up the command prompt by typing CMD in the Windows search bar and running the command prompt desktop app. Then type SQL Plus. No log. Here we are invoking SQL Plus without logging or connecting to any database yet. Now issue Connect space as siesta. Here the slash represents the operating system user. It tells that use my OS authentication and let me in as the SIS DBA. Kind of like if I am the pilot of a plane and while entering I show my ID and get in as the pilot. From that point onwards, I'm just the pilot. My real name doesn't matter. Now back to the database. Every time you log in, it's always a good practice to verify the database name that you are connected to. So, do select a name from the Polar database here. Notice that a semicolon is needed to finish a query. We will talk about semicolons later, but just remember to use them. As of now, the name is demo dB, and so we are good. Go ahead and try it. Thank you.

Stopping and Starting an Oracle Database

1. DEMO - Stopping an Oracle Database

In this video, let us practice stopping an Oracle database. Why? If you know how to stop and start the Oracle database, then that will give you much more confidence about working with it. Connect as the system and choose a name from the Dollar database. Now, let's shut down the database. Shutdown immediately and exit. That's it. We are done. In case you have any issues connecting, please open up the Windows registry editor, go to key local machine software, Oracle, and key underscoreRRDB twelve home one or a similar one, and verify the Oracle underscore base oracle underscore home oracle underscore Sid are correctly set. Thank you.

2. DEMO - Starting an Oracle Database

In this video, we will talk about starting an Oracle database. So, in your comment prompt, enter C app slash Sam product twelve, 10 dB home one as Oracle Home. This must be the folder where you installed the Oracle software. Let's verify the command. Okay, how do you verify the command? You do an echo, then a percentage, and Oracle closes it with a percentage. What this means is, in the previous command, when we say "Set Oracle underscore home," we specify a variable name called "Oracle underscore home," and then we give a value to it. Okay, the folder apps amp product twelve 10 DB Home underscore one is the value. And then, to verify if the value that we set is in effect, you do an echo, and then you specify the percentage, the variable name percentage. When you close the variable name with two percentages, the operating system knows it needs to bring the variable's value. Otherwise, if I just do this, it will echo the string that I typed. It will not be treated as a variable. Let us now set the Oracle Set Oracle underscore equals to demo db. This must be the database name. Let us verify it. As long as your Windows registry information is correct, you don't need to manually set these parameters, as they would have been automatically set for you by the Windows Registry. Now invoke SQL Plus. SQL plus no log Then connect as Sindbad. If you notice it has connected to an idle instance, we are going to start it up now. The command to start is Startup. Notice how I'm using Semicolon when I am inside SQLwindow and when I'm outside of it, when I'm on the command prompt, I'm not using the Semicolon. Okay, again, the semicolon is needed to close a statement within SQL Plus. The database has been started. It took about a minute. So, depending upon your PC configuration, the time it takes to start a database varies. Thank you for watching.

Table

1. What is a Table?

In this video, let us take a look at a table. What is a table? A table is a structure used to store data. The structure is predefined; we design and build this structure first. For example, a table may look like this one. Each vertical section is called a "column" and each column is identified by a header. Each horizontal section is called a row. In this case, it is a product. Then an ID, which may be summarised as "numerical one, two, three, etc." will be assigned for each item in the list. Then the name, quantity, sell-by date, and price. So if we fill it with data, it may look like this, and it may be very simple to read and understand. The first row says that there are ten apples in the shop with a sell-by date of February 27. And the price of each apple is one dollar, like that. If you read every row, you'll understand the products in the shop. So a table is a structure that stores data.

2. Data Types

Remember how I mentioned that we define and design the structure first? Well, we not only decide on the number of columns in a table but also the type of data held by each column. For example, we would like the ID column to contain numerical values, so we would define it as a number teratype. This means that if somebody enters the wrong type of value, for example, ABC under this column, it won't accept it. This is one of the ways to have clean data. Then the name column should contain character-based values, so we can define its data type as character. And quantity column should contain numerical valuesso it can be number data type. Then the "sell by" date should contain date-based values so it can be a date type. And finally, the price column needs to have numerical values so it can be a number data type. Oracle Database supports several data types. Some of the prominently used data types are cares in character where car to number date timestamp blob c lab blob means binary large objects. C lab mean character large objects.

SELECT - Basic SELECT Statement

1. Basics of a SELECT Statement

A select statement is used to read or fetch the data from a table. We can also read data from many tables using a single select statement. We will talk more about them later. As of now, I'm trying to keep it simple. The process of reading a table is called querying the table. So in the database development field, often you may notice developers or DBS using the term "select query." They may say I ran this select query and that select query. Or they might simply say, I ran that select statement." Or I ran this. Select SQL. Let us now create a select statement to read data from this product table: Select Name, Quantity, Sell By Date, and Price per Unit from Product. If we run this statement, it would select data from the ID column, the name column, and the other columns from the table Product. Now, let's analyse and understand this statement. So a typical select statement starts with select, which represents the operation that we are going to perform. And that operation is to read or fetch or select the data. Then it contains the list of columns to read. This specifies what we want to read. It is then followed by a discussion in class. This indicates from where we are going to read. This is followed by the table name that we are going to read. But what if I do not want to type this long list of column names? Sure, just replace the list with a star. Selecting a star will read from.

2. DESCRIBE Command – DESC

What if I want to know about the table before running my query? To do that, I can use the describe command. If I just type in "describe" and the table name, it will list the columns of that table. It will also list the data type of each column. So to get information about the product table, we can run "describe product" or we can use the abbreviation DESE, pronounced "describe still," followed by "product." Now, let's do some examples. Okay, the first command is describe DBA underscore table spaces, highlighting it, and I'm going to run it so it brings me information about DBA underscore table spaces. It contains these columns and the data types, and whether they are null columns or not, about which we will talk later. Let me now run this abbreviation.

3. SELECT COUNT - Find the total number of Rows

Before running the actual select on a table, it's always a good idea to find the total number of rows in the table. To do that, we need to use count in the select statement. Do this select count star from DBA underscore table spaces to get the total number of rows in that table.

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