Visit here for our full Microsoft AZ-140 exam dumps and practice test questions.
Question 101
Which Azure Active Directory feature enables automatic removal of guest users who no longer require access to Azure Virtual Desktop?
A) Conditional Access
B) Access Reviews
C) Privileged Identity Management
D) Identity Protection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Azure Active Directory Access Reviews provide systematic, scheduled reviews of user access to resources including Azure Virtual Desktop application groups, enabling periodic validation that guest users and internal users still require their assigned access. Access reviews can be configured to automatically remove users who are denied access during reviews or who don’t respond to review requests, helping maintain least-privilege access and preventing access accumulation over time. Understanding access reviews and how to configure them for Azure Virtual Desktop enables organizations to implement continuous access governance without relying solely on manual access audits.
Guest user access management presents specific challenges because external users typically join organizations for specific projects or time-limited engagements but their access often persists indefinitely without formal processes ensuring removal when no longer needed. Over time, guest user populations can accumulate substantial numbers of inactive accounts with orphaned access to Azure Virtual Desktop and other resources. Access reviews provide structured processes for regularly validating that each guest user’s continued access remains appropriate and necessary.
Access review configuration for Azure Virtual Desktop application groups involves specifying which application groups to review, how frequently reviews occur, who performs the reviews, and what actions occur based on review decisions. Reviews can target all users assigned to application groups or specifically focus on guest users if internal user access is managed through other processes. Review schedules might be quarterly, semi-annually, or annually depending on risk tolerance and administrative capacity for conducting reviews.
Reviewer assignment determines who evaluates whether users should retain access. Common reviewer configurations include user managers who understand their team members’ resource needs, resource owners who understand which users require access to specific applications, or users themselves who self-attest whether they still need access. For guest users, resource owners or sponsors who invited the guests often serve as reviewers because they understand the business context for guest access and when engagements conclude.
Review processes present reviewers with lists of users having access to reviewed resources and prompt decisions about whether each user should retain access. Reviewers approve continued access for users with ongoing needs and deny access for users no longer requiring it. Reviewers might also decline to make decisions if they lack sufficient information. Reviews can be configured to automatically deny users if reviewers don’t respond by deadline, ensuring neglected reviews don’t allow inappropriate access by default, or to maintain status quo for non-responses if automatic denial is too aggressive.
Automation of access removal based on review decisions eliminates manual follow-up ensuring denied users promptly lose access. When reviewers deny user access during reviews, access review automation can automatically remove those users from application group assignments, immediately revoking their Azure Virtual Desktop access. This automation provides timely access revocation without requiring separate cleanup tasks. Alternative configurations might generate recommended changes for manual implementation if administrators prefer explicit control over access removal.
Notification workflows alert users before and during access reviews informing them reviews are occurring and reminding them to participate if self-review is configured. Email notifications include links to review interfaces where users confirm continued need for access or acknowledge they no longer require it. Follow-up reminders encourage participation if initial requests are ignored. These communications ensure reviews complete successfully rather than stalling due to non-participation.
Reporting and compliance documentation generated by access reviews provides audit trails of access governance activities. Review reports document who reviewed which users, what decisions were made, and what actions resulted. These reports support compliance requirements mandating periodic access reviews and demonstrate organizational diligence in access management. Historical review records track access governance over time showing patterns of access grants and revocations.
Integration with Privileged Identity Management and entitlement management creates comprehensive identity governance spanning multiple Azure AD capabilities. While access reviews handle periodic revalidation of existing access, entitlement management can govern initial access requests through structured approval workflows, and PIM can provide time-limited access for privileged operations. Together these capabilities implement defense-in-depth identity governance appropriate for business-critical resources like Azure Virtual Desktop.
Question 102
What is the maximum number of concurrent sessions supported per Azure region in Azure Virtual Desktop?
A) 1,000
B) 10,000
C) Depends on subscription limits and available resources
D) 50,000
Answer: C
Explanation:
The maximum number of concurrent sessions supported per Azure region in Azure Virtual Desktop depends on subscription quotas, available virtual machine resources, network capacity, and storage performance rather than a fixed service limit. Azure Virtual Desktop itself does not impose hard limits on session counts per region, but underlying Azure infrastructure has capacity limits that effectively constrain how many session hosts and concurrent sessions can operate. Understanding these practical limits and how to scale within them enables organizations to plan deployments supporting their specific user populations.
Virtual machine quota limits in Azure subscriptions control how many vCPUs can be allocated to virtual machines in each region. Each session host consumes vCPUs according to its VM size, and total vCPUs across all session hosts must remain within subscription quotas. For example, a subscription with a 1,000 vCPU quota in a region could theoretically deploy 250 session hosts using 4-vCPU virtual machines. Assuming 20 sessions per host, this capacity would support 5,000 concurrent sessions. Organizations requiring larger deployments must request quota increases through Azure support.
Public IP address quotas might constrain deployments if session hosts require public IPs for specific scenarios, though typical Azure Virtual Desktop deployments use private addressing eliminating this constraint. Standard deployments place session hosts in virtual networks with private IPs and route traffic through Azure Virtual Desktop Gateway eliminating need for public IPs on session hosts. This architecture avoids public IP quota limitations for most deployments.
Network bandwidth and throughput limits within Azure regions theoretically constrain maximum concurrent sessions if aggregate network traffic exceeds regional network capacity. However, Azure’s substantial network infrastructure means bandwidth is rarely the constraining factor for Azure Virtual Desktop deployments. Each user session consumes relatively modest bandwidth, typically 150-300 Kbps on average for office productivity workloads, with thousands of concurrent sessions requiring only hundreds of Mbps of aggregate bandwidth well within Azure network capabilities.
Storage performance limits for profile container storage can become constraints if many users simultaneously access their profiles during peak logon periods. Azure Files has IOPS and throughput limits based on storage account tier and configuration. During busy logon periods when hundreds or thousands of users sign in within minutes, profile container mounting generates substantial storage load. Proper storage sizing ensuring adequate IOPS and throughput for peak load prevents storage bottlenecks from limiting effective session capacity.
Practical deployment scales reported by organizations range from hundreds to tens of thousands of concurrent sessions per region depending on their specific architectures and requirements. Many enterprise deployments successfully serve 10,000-30,000 concurrent users per region with appropriate infrastructure sizing. Larger scales beyond 50,000 users per region are achievable but require careful architecture planning, quota management, and often multi-region distribution for optimal user experience and resilience.
Multi-region deployment strategies distribute users across Azure regions avoiding concentration of entire user populations in single regions. Geographic distribution provides both technical scale benefits by spreading load across multiple regional capacity pools and user experience benefits by locating session hosts near users for optimal performance. For very large global deployments serving hundreds of thousands of users, multi-region architectures are standard practice rather than exceptions.
Capacity planning calculations should account for peak concurrent usage rather than total user population because most users don’t connect simultaneously. Organizations with 50,000 total licensed users might experience peak concurrency of 20,000-30,000 users, significantly less than total population. Understanding concurrency patterns from monitoring data or initial deployment phases informs realistic capacity requirements. Overprovisioning for 100% user concurrency when actual peaks are 40-50% wastes resources and budget.
Testing and validation at target scale verifies architecture can handle planned loads before full production deployment. Pilot deployments starting with limited user populations can progressively scale to larger groups while monitoring performance, identifying bottlenecks, and validating capacity. Load testing tools can simulate thousands of concurrent users connecting and working, stressing infrastructure to validate performance under peak load. These tests reveal practical limits and optimization needs before they impact production users.
Question 103
Which Azure Virtual Desktop diagnostic log category should be enabled to troubleshoot user connection failures?
A) Management
B) Connection
C) Error
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation:
All three diagnostic log categories—Management, Connection, and Error—provide valuable information for troubleshooting user connection failures in Azure Virtual Desktop, with each category capturing different aspects of the connection process and infrastructure operation. Enabling all diagnostic categories provides comprehensive visibility into connection flows, configuration changes that might impact connectivity, and specific errors occurring during connection attempts. Understanding what each log category contains and how to correlate information across categories enables efficient troubleshooting that quickly identifies root causes of connection issues.
The Connection diagnostic category captures detailed information about every user connection attempt including successful connections, failed connections, connection durations, and connection quality metrics. When investigating why users cannot connect, Connection logs provide the primary data source showing connection attempts, what stage of the connection process failed, and what error codes or messages indicate the failure reason. Queries against Connection logs can identify patterns like all connections from a specific user failing, connections to specific session hosts failing, or connections failing only during certain time periods.
The Error diagnostic category captures errors and warnings generated by Azure Virtual Desktop components during operation. Connection errors, agent errors, service errors, and various other problem conditions generate Error log entries with diagnostic information. When Connection logs show failed connections, Error logs often provide additional context explaining why failures occurred. Error codes, stack traces, and detailed messages in Error logs help diagnose root causes beyond what Connection logs alone reveal. Correlation of connection failures with error messages provides complete failure analysis.
The Management diagnostic category captures administrative operations that change Azure Virtual Desktop configuration including creating or modifying host pools, changing application group assignments, updating RDP properties, or enabling drain mode on session hosts. When connection failures suddenly begin occurring, Management logs can reveal recent configuration changes that might have caused the problems. For example, if users suddenly cannot connect and Management logs show someone recently modified load balancing settings or changed maximum session limits, those configuration changes become suspects for causing the failures.
Log correlation across multiple categories enables root cause analysis that understands how configuration changes, errors, and connection behaviors relate to each other temporally. A comprehensive troubleshooting query might join Management logs showing configuration changes, Error logs showing associated errors, and Connection logs showing failed user connections, all filtered to a specific time period when problems occurred. This correlated view reveals whether configuration changes triggered errors that caused connection failures, providing clear problem diagnosis.
Additional diagnostic categories beyond these three might also provide relevant information for specific scenarios. HostRegistration logs help diagnose session hosts failing to register with host pools, which prevents those hosts from receiving user connections. Checkpoint logs capture state information useful for Microsoft support investigations. Organizations should enable comprehensive diagnostic logging capturing all categories to ensure complete visibility for troubleshooting any issue type without needing to enable additional logging after problems occur.
Log Analytics workspace configuration determines where diagnostic logs are collected and stored. Organizations must create or designate existing Log Analytics workspaces as diagnostic log destinations, then configure diagnostic settings on Azure Virtual Desktop resources to send logs to those workspaces. Without proper diagnostic configuration, logs are not collected and troubleshooting lacks necessary data. Validating that diagnostic settings are properly configured and that logs are flowing to Log Analytics should be part of initial Azure Virtual Desktop deployment procedures.
Query development using Kusto Query Language enables extracting relevant information from voluminous logs. Diagnostic logs can contain millions of events making manual review impractical. Queries filter, aggregate, correlate, and format log data to answer specific troubleshooting questions like “how many connection failures occurred in the past hour”, “which users experienced the most failures”, “what error codes are most common”, or “did connection failures correlate with any configuration changes”. Effective queries transform raw logs into actionable troubleshooting insights.
Alerting rules based on diagnostic logs enable proactive detection of connection problems before users report issues. Alert rules might trigger when connection failure rates exceed thresholds, when specific error patterns emerge, when critical configuration changes occur, or when other conditions indicate potential problems. Alerts route through action groups notifying operations teams via email, SMS, Teams messages, or incident management systems. Proactive alerting enables rapid response minimizing user impact duration.
Question 104
What is the purpose of Azure Virtual Desktop host pool friendly name?
A) Technical identification in Azure Resource Manager
B) To provide user-facing descriptive names in client applications
C) Network DNS resolution
D) Authentication purposes
Answer: B
Explanation:
The friendly name property of Azure Virtual Desktop host pools provides user-facing descriptive names that appear in administrative interfaces and potentially in user-facing clients, making host pools easier to identify than technical resource names. While host pools have formal Azure resource names that must follow Azure naming conventions with restrictions on characters and length, friendly names can use natural language with spaces, special characters,
Resource names in Azure must follow specific technical constraints including character limitations, uniqueness requirements within scopes, and restrictions on special characters. These technical names serve as identifiers in Azure Resource Manager APIs, PowerShell cmdlets, and infrastructure-as-code templates. While functional for programmatic operations, technical names like “avd-prod-wus2-pool-01” lack the descriptive clarity that human administrators and users benefit from. Friendly names supplement technical names with human-readable descriptions.
Question 105
Which Azure service provides network security filtering between Azure Virtual Desktop subnets?
A) Azure Firewall
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Front Door
D) Application Gateway
Answer: B
Explanation:
Network Security Groups (NSGs) provide network security filtering for Azure Virtual Desktop session hosts by controlling what network traffic is allowed to flow to and from subnet resources where session hosts reside. NSGs contain security rules defining allowed and denied traffic based on source and destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols. Understanding NSGs and how to configure them appropriately for Azure Virtual Desktop enables implementing network security controls that protect session hosts while allowing necessary communications for users, management, and services to function properly.
NSG security rules operate at the network layer, evaluating each network packet against configured rules to determine whether to allow or deny the packet. Rules specify source and destination addresses or ranges, source and destination port ranges, protocol types like TCP or UDP, and whether to allow or deny matching traffic. Rules are evaluated in priority order with lower-numbered priorities evaluated first. When a packet matches a rule, that rule’s action applies and evaluation stops without considering lower-priority rules.
Default NSG rules exist in every Network Security Group providing baseline connectivity while denying unexpected traffic. Default rules allow outbound traffic to the internet, allow outbound traffic within the virtual network, allow inbound traffic from within the virtual network, and deny all other inbound traffic from the internet. These defaults provide reasonable security posture preventing unsolicited inbound connections while allowing session hosts to communicate with each other and reach internet resources for updates and services.
Question 106
What is the primary purpose of Azure Virtual Desktop session host drain mode?
A) To permanently remove session hosts from host pools
B) To temporarily prevent new connections while allowing existing sessions to complete
C) To increase session host performance
D) To restart session hosts automatically
Answer: B
Explanation:
Drain mode temporarily prevents new user connections to specific session hosts while allowing existing user sessions to continue until users naturally disconnect, enabling graceful session host evacuation for maintenance, updates, or decommissioning without forcibly disconnecting active users. This capability balances operational needs to perform maintenance activities with user experience considerations, minimizing disruptions and preventing loss of unsaved work. Understanding when and how to use drain mode enables administrators to maintain Azure Virtual Desktop infrastructure responsibly while respecting user productivity.
The operational workflow for using drain mode begins with administrators enabling drain mode on session hosts requiring maintenance. The session host status changes to reflect its drained state, and the Azure Virtual Desktop connection broker respects this status by no longer directing new user connections to drained hosts. Users with existing sessions on those hosts remain connected and can continue working normally. As users complete their work and sign out or disconnect, the number of active sessions gradually decreases toward zero.
Monitoring session count on drained session hosts enables administrators to determine when evacuation completes and maintenance can safely proceed. Azure portal interfaces, PowerShell commands, or monitoring dashboards show current session counts for each session host. Administrators watch drained hosts waiting for session counts to reach zero indicating all users have disconnected. Once empty, maintenance activities like installing updates, modifying configurations, or performing troubleshooting can proceed without impacting any users.
Time requirements for drain mode evacuation vary depending on user behavior patterns and how long users typically maintain active sessions. During business hours when users are actively working, evacuation might take hours as users gradually finish tasks and sign out. Overnight or during weekends, evacuation might complete quickly as few users are working. Organizations should factor expected evacuation times into maintenance planning, potentially enabling drain mode early to ensure evacuation completes before maintenance windows begin.
Question 107
Which Azure Virtual Desktop component translates user-friendly resource names to technical resource identifiers?
A) Azure DNS
B) Workspace
C) Gateway
D) Connection broker
Answer: B
Explanation:
The workspace component in Azure Virtual Desktop maintains the mapping between user-friendly resource names that appear in client applications and the technical resource identifiers required for establishing connections to those resources. When users see resource names like “Finance Applications” or “Engineering Desktop” in their Remote Desktop client, the workspace resolves these friendly names to the underlying application group resource IDs and host pool associations that the connection broker needs to route connections properly. Understanding this translation role helps clarify how the Azure Virtual Desktop architecture presents simplified user experiences while operating on technical infrastructure identifiers behind the scenes.
User-facing resource names come from application group display names and application-specific friendly names configured by administrators. These names can include spaces, special characters, and natural language phrasing that makes resources easily identifiable to users without technical knowledge. Display names like “Microsoft Office 2021” or “Accounting Department Desktop” clearly communicate what users will access without requiring understanding of underlying technical architectures.
Technical resource identifiers include Azure resource IDs that uniquely identify application groups, host pools, and other Azure Virtual Desktop resources within Azure Resource Manager. These identifiers follow formats like “/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/resourceGroups/{resource-group}/providers/Microsoft.DesktopVirtualization/applicationgroups/{name}” and are used in API calls, management operations, and connection routing. While essential for system operation, these technical IDs would confuse users if presented directly in client interfaces.
Question 108
What Azure Virtual Desktop host pool property controls the load balancing method used?
A) Balancing algorithm
B) Load balancing algorithm
C) Distribution method
D) Session routing
Answer: B
Explanation:
The load balancing algorithm property of Azure Virtual Desktop host pools controls the method used to distribute new user connections across available session hosts within pooled host pools. This configuration determines whether users are spread broadly across many hosts or concentrated on fewer hosts, directly impacting resource utilization patterns, user experience consistency, and cost optimization opportunities. Understanding the available load balancing algorithms and their implications enables selecting appropriate strategies that align with organizational priorities for performance, efficiency, and cost management.
Two primary load balancing algorithms are available: breadth-first and depth-first. Breadth-first distributes user connections across all available session hosts in the pool, attempting to maintain relatively even session counts across hosts. When new users connect, the connection broker directs them to whichever session host currently has the fewest active sessions among hosts with available capacity. This distribution continues until all session hosts reach their maximum session limits, progressively filling the entire host pool evenly.
Depth-first load balancing takes the opposite approach by concentrating user connections on fewer session hosts, filling each host to its maximum capacity before directing connections to the next host. New users are directed to the session host with the most existing sessions that still has available capacity. Only when that host reaches its maximum session limit does the algorithm move to the next host in the pool. This concentration creates scenarios where some hosts are fully utilized while others remain idle or lightly loaded.
Resource utilization patterns differ significantly between algorithms with breadth-first creating even utilization across the fleet and depth-first creating concentrated utilization on fewer hosts with others idle. For organizations prioritizing consistent user experience and predictable performance, breadth-first ensures all users experience similar host loading avoiding scenarios where some users are on heavily loaded hosts while others are on lightly loaded hosts. For organizations prioritizing cost optimization, depth-first enables leaving hosts idle that can be deallocated to save costs.
Question 109
Which Azure service provides threat intelligence and advanced threat detection for Azure Virtual Desktop?
A) Azure Sentinel
B) Azure Monitor
C) Azure Advisor
D) Azure Policy
Answer: A
Explanation:
Azure Sentinel provides security information and event management (SIEM) and security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR) capabilities that enable advanced threat detection and security operations for Azure Virtual Desktop deployments. This cloud-native security platform aggregates security data from Azure Virtual Desktop and other sources, applies machine learning and threat intelligence to identify sophisticated attacks, provides investigation tools for security analysts, and enables automated response to detected threats. Understanding Azure Sentinel and how to leverage it for Azure Virtual Desktop security enables organizations to detect and respond to advanced threats that basic security controls might miss.
Data ingestion into Azure Sentinel brings together security telemetry from diverse sources including Azure Virtual Desktop diagnostic logs, session host security event logs, network flow logs, Azure Active Directory sign-in logs, and many other security-relevant data sources. This comprehensive aggregation provides correlated visibility across the entire environment enabling detection of attack patterns that span multiple systems and data sources. Azure Virtual Desktop-specific data connectors simplify ingesting relevant telemetry into Sentinel workspaces.
Question 110
What is the recommended maximum size for Azure Virtual Desktop session host virtual machine disks?
A) 127 GB
B) 256 GB
C) 512 GB
D) No specific maximum; depends on requirements
Answer: D
Explanation:
There is no specific recommended maximum size for Azure Virtual Desktop session host virtual machine disks, with appropriate sizing depending on the operating system requirements, installed applications, temporary file storage needs, and page file configurations specific to each deployment. Session host disk sizing should provide adequate space for the operating system, installed applications, system updates, temporary files, and page files while avoiding excessive overprovisioning that wastes storage costs. Understanding disk sizing considerations enables selecting appropriate sizes that balance functionality against cost efficiency.
Minimum disk size requirements for Azure Virtual Desktop session hosts are dictated by Windows operating system requirements which vary by Windows version. Windows 10 and Windows 11 multi-session editions require minimum disk space of approximately 32 GB for the operating system itself, though practical deployments typically use 64 GB or larger to accommodate system updates, page files, and temporary file generation. Attempting to deploy with insufficient disk space results in deployment failures or operational problems as disk space exhausts.
Application installation requirements add to disk space needs beyond base operating system requirements. Each installed application consumes disk space for program files, and some applications cache substantial data locally. Line-of-business applications, development tools, graphics applications, or specialized software might each require gigabytes of disk space. Comprehensive application inventory accounting for all applications in golden images informs total disk space requirements ensuring adequate capacity for the complete application suite.
Page file sizing impacts disk space requirements because Windows page files can consume gigabytes of disk space depending on virtual machine memory configuration and page file settings. Windows default page file sizing often sets page file size equal to RAM size plus some overhead. For session hosts with large memory allocations like 64 GB or 128 GB, page files might be 70-140 GB. Organizations optimizing disk space might configure smaller page files or place page files on separate disks, though this requires careful consideration of memory management implications.
Temporary file generation during normal operations requires reserving disk space for TEMP folders, Windows update staging areas, application caches, and other temporary data. Even with regular cleanup, several gigabytes might be consumed by temporary files at any given time. Insufficient free space for temporary files causes application failures, update failures, and user experience problems. Maintaining 10-20 GB of free space beyond anticipated usage provides a buffer for temporary file spikes.
Question 111
Which Azure Virtual Desktop feature enables publishing individual applications instead of full desktops?
A) App streaming
B) RemoteApp
C) Virtual applications
D) Application isolation
Answer: B
Explanation:
RemoteApp enables publishing individual applications to users instead of full desktop environments, providing a seamless experience where applications appear to run locally on user devices while actually executing on session hosts in Azure. RemoteApp applications open in their own windows that integrate with the user’s local desktop, can be minimized and maximized like local applications, and appear in the taskbar and Alt-Tab switcher alongside local applications. Understanding RemoteApp and when to use it versus full desktop publishing enables organizations to optimize user experience and resource efficiency for different use cases.
The technical implementation of RemoteApp leverages Remote Desktop Protocol capabilities that enable remoting individual application windows rather than entire desktop environments. When users launch RemoteApp applications, the Remote Desktop client establishes a connection to a session host just as it would for a full desktop session, but instead of displaying the session host’s desktop, only the published application window is rendered and transmitted. The session host desktop, start menu, taskbar, and other desktop elements remain hidden from the user who sees only the application window.
User experience with RemoteApp applications closely mimics locally installed applications, reducing cognitive load and training requirements compared to accessing applications within full remote desktop environments. Users launch RemoteApp applications from their start menu or desktop shortcuts that are created when they subscribe to workspaces containing RemoteApp application groups. The applications open in standard windows that users interact with naturally. This seamless integration means users may not realize applications are running remotely, which simplifies adoption and reduces support burden.
Use cases particularly well-suited for RemoteApp include delivering line-of-business applications that must run on Windows but where users don’t need full desktop environments, providing specialized tools to users who primarily work on non-Windows devices but occasionally need specific Windows applications, centralizing legacy applications that are difficult to install or support on user devices, and enabling application access without VPN connections since RemoteApp operates over HTTPS through Azure Virtual Desktop Gateway.
Question 112
What Azure Virtual Desktop feature enables redirecting local printers to remote sessions?
A) Print spooler service
B) RDP properties printer redirection
C) Azure Print Service
D) Universal Print
Answer: B
Explanation:
RDP properties printer redirection settings control whether users can redirect printers connected to their local client devices to their Azure Virtual Desktop remote sessions, enabling users to print from remote applications to local printers. When printer redirection is enabled, printers available on the user’s local device appear as available printers within the remote session. Users can print from applications running remotely and output is produced on their local printers. Understanding printer redirection configuration enables organizations to provide print functionality while managing potential security and performance implications.
Printer redirection configuration occurs at the host pool level through RDP properties, providing centralized control over whether printer redirection is allowed for all sessions in the pool. Administrators can enable printer redirection allowing users to access their local printers, disable it entirely preventing remote printing to local devices, or configure partial redirection allowing specific printer types. The appropriate configuration depends on organizational print needs, security policies, and whether alternatives like network printers provide better solutions.
The technical process of printer redirection involves the Remote Desktop client enumerating printers available on the local device and communicating that printer information to the session host during session establishment. The session host creates virtual printer objects within the remote session representing each redirected printer. When users print from remote applications, print jobs are rendered on the session host, transmitted to the client over the Remote Desktop connection, and sent to the actual local printer for output.
Question 113
Which Azure service provides backup and restore capabilities for Azure Virtual Desktop user profile containers?
A) Azure Site Recovery
B) Azure Backup
C) Azure Storage Replication
D) Azure Archive Storage
Answer: B
Explanation:
Azure Backup provides comprehensive backup and restore capabilities for Azure Files shares that store FSLogix profile containers, protecting user profile data against accidental deletion, corruption, ransomware attacks, or storage failures. This managed backup service automates backup operations, stores backup data in Recovery Services vaults with long-term retention, and enables point-in-time recovery of individual files or entire shares. Understanding Azure Backup for profile container protection enables organizations to implement appropriate data protection meeting recovery point and recovery time objectives for critical user data.
Profile container data represents critical user information including application settings, cached data, documents that haven’t been synchronized to cloud storage, and other user-specific information whose loss would significantly impact user productivity. Unlike session hosts which are stateless infrastructure that can be rebuilt from golden images, profile containers contain unique user data that cannot be recreated if lost. This criticality motivates implementing robust backup strategies ensuring profile data can be recovered following disasters or data loss events.
Azure Backup for Azure Files operates at the file share level, backing up entire shares containing profile containers rather than backing up individual profile container files. This approach simplifies backup configuration because administrators configure backup for the Azure Files share once rather than managing backups for potentially thousands of individual profile container files. The backup service automatically protects all existing profile containers in the share and any new containers created in the future without requiring backup configuration updates.
Backup frequency and retention policies control how often backups occur and how long backup data is preserved. Typical configurations include daily backups with retention periods ranging from days to years depending on recovery requirements and compliance obligations. Multiple backup frequency options exist including multiple daily backups for business-critical data requiring aggressive recovery point objectives. Retention policies might specify keeping daily backups for 30 days, weekly backups for several months, monthly backups for years, and yearly backups for long-term compliance archives.
The backup process uses Azure Files snapshots as the underlying backup mechanism. Snapshots capture the state of the file share at specific points in time, enabling point-in-time recovery to any snapshot timestamp. Snapshots are space-efficient because they store only data that changed since the previous snapshot rather than creating complete copies. This efficiency enables frequent snapshots with reasonable storage costs. The Backup service manages snapshot creation, retention, and deletion according to configured policies.
Recovery operations enable restoring entire file shares to previous points in time or recovering individual files or folders from backups. If the entire profile storage share becomes corrupted or deleted, administrators can restore the complete share from backup, recovering all profile containers to a previous known-good state. If individual users report profile corruption or accidental file deletion, administrators can restore only affected users’ profile container files from backup rather than recovering the entire share. This granularity enables targeted recovery minimizing recovery time and data loss.
Question 114
What is the purpose of the Azure Virtual Desktop Agent health check feature?
A) To scan for viruses
B) To verify agent connectivity and functionality
C) To monitor user sessions
D) To update applications
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Azure Virtual Desktop Agent health check feature verifies that the agent software installed on session hosts is functioning correctly, maintaining connectivity to Azure Virtual Desktop control plane services, and operating without critical errors that would prevent session hosting. Health checks validate that session hosts can register with host pools, receive connection requests, report status accurately, and perform other agent-dependent functions necessary for Azure Virtual Desktop operations. Understanding agent health checking and how to interpret health status enables proactive identification and resolution of agent issues before they impact user access.
The health check process performs multiple validation tests assessing different aspects of agent functionality. Connectivity tests verify that session hosts can reach required Azure Virtual Desktop service endpoints over the network, ensuring necessary communication paths remain open. Authentication tests validate that agents can authenticate to control plane services using their registration credentials. Registration tests confirm session hosts are properly registered with their assigned host pools. Heartbeat tests verify agents are sending regular status updates to control plane services indicating continued operation.
Health status reporting makes check results visible to administrators through Azure portal interfaces, PowerShell cmdlets, diagnostic logs, and monitoring systems. Session host lists in the portal display health status indicators showing which session hosts are healthy and which are experiencing issues. Unhealthy status indicates problems requiring investigation and remediation. Health status changes trigger diagnostic log events enabling automated alerting on health degradation. This visibility enables rapid identification of session hosts with agent problems.
Common health check failures include network connectivity issues preventing agents from reaching service endpoints, expired or invalid registration tokens preventing authentication, service outages affecting control plane connectivity, agent software bugs causing malfunctions, and resource constraints on session hosts preventing agent operation. Each failure type requires different remediation approaches. Connectivity failures need network troubleshooting. Registration failures need token renewal or agent reinstallation. Software bugs need agent updates. Resource constraints need capacity adjustments or troubleshooting of resource consumers.
Question 115
Which Azure Virtual Desktop configuration allows users to reconnect to existing disconnected sessions?
A) Session persistence is always enabled
B) Disconnected session timeout settings
C) Session reconnection policies
D) Connection broker configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
Session persistence is always enabled in Azure Virtual Desktop, allowing users to reconnect to existing disconnected sessions by default without requiring specific configuration. When users disconnect from their sessions without signing out, those sessions remain active on session hosts in a disconnected state. If users reconnect before configured timeout limits expire, they automatically return to their existing sessions and find their applications and work exactly as they left them. Understanding how session persistence works and how it’s controlled through timeout configurations enables managing the balance between user convenience and resource efficiency.
The reconnection process occurs automatically when users initiate new connections to Azure Virtual Desktop. The connection broker identifies that the connecting user has an existing disconnected session on a session host in the target host pool and directs the new connection to that existing session rather than creating a new session. From the user’s perspective, they simply reconnect and resume their work without awareness that they’re returning to a previous session rather than starting a new one. This transparency provides excellent user experience minimizing interruption from network issues or device changes.
Multiple device scenarios are fully supported where users disconnect from one device and reconnect from a different device to the same session. A user might disconnect from their desktop computer at the office, commute home, and reconnect from their home laptop to the same session with all applications still running. Similarly, users might disconnect from a laptop when the battery dies and reconnect from a tablet or another device. Session persistence spans devices enabling flexible work patterns where users move between devices without losing their work context.
Network interruption tolerance provided by session persistence helps users maintain productivity even with unreliable connectivity. If a user’s network connection drops temporarily disconnecting their session, the session remains on the session host waiting for reconnection. When connectivity restores, the user can reconnect and continue working with minimal disruption. Without session persistence, network interruptions would require starting completely new sessions, reopening all applications, and recreating work context creating significant productivity loss.
Timeout configuration controls how long disconnected sessions persist before being automatically logged off. The disconnected session timeout limit specifies this duration, with typical values ranging from 30 minutes to several hours depending on organizational priorities. Shorter timeouts reclaim session host resources more quickly, improving capacity for other users and reducing wasted compute costs for abandoned sessions. Longer timeouts provide more user flexibility accommodating longer interruptions without forcing users to restart their work. Organizations must balance these competing priorities based on their specific usage patterns and capacity constraints.
Separate timeout settings for idle sessions complement disconnected session timeouts by automatically disconnecting users who remain connected but inactive. Idle session timeout limits specify how long sessions can be idle before being disconnected. After disconnection due to idleness, the disconnected session timeout then controls how long the disconnected session persists. This two-stage timeout approach efficiently manages resources while still providing reasonable grace periods for legitimate temporary inactivity.
Question 116
What Azure Virtual Desktop feature enables running multiple instances of the same application in a single session?
A) This is standard Windows multi-tasking behavior, no special feature required
B) Application virtualization
C) Session isolation
D) Application pooling
Answer: A
Explanation:
Running multiple instances of the same application in a single Azure Virtual Desktop session is standard Windows multi-tasking behavior that works automatically without requiring any special features or configuration. Users can open multiple instances of Excel, multiple browser windows, or multiple instances of any other application just as they would on local Windows desktops. Azure Virtual Desktop sessions provide complete Windows operating system environments where all standard Windows capabilities including multi-instance application execution function normally. Understanding this helps clarify that Azure Virtual Desktop provides standard Windows experiences rather than constrained virtual environments.
Windows session management treats each application instance as a separate process with its own memory space, even when multiple instances of the same executable run simultaneously. Users can open one Word document, then open another in a second Word instance, with each instance being independently manageable including separate windows, taskbar buttons, and process memory allocations. This standard Windows behavior transfers seamlessly to Azure Virtual Desktop sessions without limitations or special considerations.
Application compatibility with multi-instance operation depends on how applications are designed rather than being constrained by Azure Virtual Desktop. Most modern applications support running multiple instances simultaneously. Some applications, particularly older or specialized software, might be designed as single-instance applications that prevent launching additional instances when one is already running. This behavior, whether single or multi-instance, remains identical whether the application runs locally or in Azure Virtual Desktop sessions.
Question 117
Which Azure Virtual Desktop management operation requires stopping session hosts?
A) Changing host pool load balancing algorithm
B) Resizing session host virtual machines
C) Publishing new applications
D) Updating application group assignments
Answer: B
Explanation:
Resizing session host virtual machines to change their size (vCPU count, memory allocation, or other specifications) requires stopping the virtual machines because Azure cannot modify virtual machine sizes while they’re running. After stopping, the virtual machine is resized to the new size, then restarted with updated specifications. This requirement for stopping session hosts during resize operations necessitates planning resize activities during maintenance windows when user disruption can be minimized and coordinating with users about temporary unavailability. Understanding which operations require stopping session hosts enables proper change management and communication.
The VM resize process begins with selecting new target sizes appropriate for workload requirements. Organizations might upsize session hosts adding more vCPUs or memory to improve performance for resource-intensive workloads, or downsize hosts reducing specifications and costs when monitoring reveals overprovisioning. Size changes must stay within virtual machine family constraints with some sizes being resizable to certain other sizes but not all sizes within a family being interchangeable. Azure portal interfaces indicate which sizes are available as resize targets for specific existing virtual machines.
Impact to active users during resize operations is significant because stopping session hosts forcibly disconnects all active user sessions. Users lose any unsaved work and their sessions terminate requiring them to reconnect after resize completes and session hosts restart. This user impact motivates careful planning of resize operations during maintenance windows when few or no users are active. For 24/7 environments serving global user populations, coordination becomes more complex potentially requiring rolling resizes where subsets of session hosts are resized sequentially to maintain some capacity throughout the process.
Drain mode enables graceful user evacuation before resizing by preventing new connections while allowing existing sessions to continue until users naturally disconnect. Administrators enable drain mode on session hosts requiring resize, wait for active sessions to decrease to zero as users complete their work, then stop and resize the drained hosts. This approach minimizes forced disconnections compared to immediately stopping hosts with active sessions. However, drain mode evacuation can take hours if users maintain long-running sessions requiring patience or eventual forced disconnection if resize timing is critical.
Question 118
What is the purpose of Azure Virtual Desktop session host tags?
A) To organize and identify session hosts using key-value metadata
B) To configure security settings
C) To control network routing
D) To manage user permissions
Answer: A
Explanation:
Azure resource tags on session host virtual machines provide key-value pair metadata that enables organizing, identifying, and managing session hosts based on custom categorization schemes. Tags don’t affect session host operation or functionality but rather provide organizational metadata that administrators and automation systems use for filtering, grouping, cost allocation, policy application, and other management purposes. Understanding tagging strategies and implementing consistent tags across Azure Virtual Desktop resources enables efficient resource management at scale especially in large deployments with hundreds or thousands of session hosts.
Common tagging schemes for Azure Virtual Desktop session hosts include tags identifying environment types (production, development, testing), organizational ownership (department, cost center, business unit), operational metadata (deployment date, maintenance window, criticality level), technical specifications (host pool association, region, availability zone), or application purpose (office productivity, engineering tools, finance applications). These tags enable flexible resource organization supporting various management and reporting requirements without being constrained by single rigid organizational hierarchies.
Question 119
Which Azure Virtual Desktop diagnostic setting is required for Azure Virtual Desktop Insights workbooks?
A) Diagnostic logs sent to Log Analytics workspace
B) Diagnostic logs sent to Storage Account
C) Metrics sent to Event Hub
D) No diagnostic configuration required
Answer: A
Explanation:
Azure Virtual Desktop Insights workbooks require diagnostic logs to be sent to a Log Analytics workspace to function properly because workbooks query log data from those workspaces to populate visualizations and analysis. Without proper diagnostic configuration sending Azure Virtual Desktop diagnostic categories to Log Analytics, Insights workbooks have no data to display and cannot provide monitoring visibility. Understanding diagnostic configuration requirements and ensuring proper setup enables leveraging the pre-built monitoring capabilities that Insights workbooks provide for Azure Virtual Desktop operations.
The diagnostic configuration process involves creating or selecting a Log Analytics workspace as the destination for diagnostic logs, then configuring diagnostic settings on Azure Virtual Desktop resources specifying which log categories to collect and where to send them. Workspace resources serve as the configuration object, and diagnostic settings must enable the Connection, Error, Management, Checkpoint, HostRegistration, and optionally other log categories depending on monitoring requirements. All selected categories should target the same Log Analytics workspace to enable correlated analysis across log types.
Session host diagnostic configuration requires deploying the Log Analytics agent (also known as Microsoft Monitoring Agent) to session hosts and configuring agents to send data to the same Log Analytics workspace receiving control plane diagnostics. This session host telemetry includes performance counters, event logs, and session-specific metrics that complement control plane diagnostics. Without session host agents, Insights workbooks lack visibility into session host performance and can only show control plane metrics about connections and errors without deeper performance context.
The Log Analytics workspace serves as the centralized repository for all diagnostic data, storing logs and making them available for querying through Kusto Query Language. Workbooks execute queries against the workspace retrieving data for specified time ranges, filtering by resources or other criteria, and aggregating results for visualization. Workspace retention settings determine how long diagnostic data is preserved, balancing operational needs for historical analysis against storage costs for retained data.
Multiple diagnostic settings enable sending different log categories to different destinations if organizations have requirements for different handling of different log types. For example, Error and Connection logs might be sent to Log Analytics for operational monitoring while Management logs are sent to Storage Accounts for long-term compliance archives. However, for Insights workbooks to function fully, at minimum the Connection and Error categories must be present in the Log Analytics workspace the workbooks query.
Configuration validation verifies that diagnostic logs are flowing properly from Azure Virtual Desktop resources to Log Analytics workspaces. After enabling diagnostic settings, administrators should confirm that log data appears in the workspace by executing simple queries showing recent records from each enabled category. Absence of expected log data indicates configuration problems requiring troubleshooting such as incorrect workspace configuration, network connectivity preventing log transmission, or insufficient permissions for diagnostic settings.
Cost implications of diagnostic logging include Log Analytics data ingestion charges based on volume of log data ingested and storage charges based on data retention duration. Azure Virtual Desktop diagnostic logs can generate substantial data volume in large deployments with many users and session hosts. Organizations should monitor logging costs and potentially adjust which diagnostic categories are enabled, sample rates for high-volume categories, or retention durations to manage costs while maintaining necessary operational visibility.
Question 120
What Azure Virtual Desktop setting controls whether users can use multiple monitors?
A) RDP properties display settings
B) Session host GPU configuration
C) Network bandwidth limits
D) Host pool capacity settings
Answer: A
Explanation:
RDP properties display settings control whether users can utilize multiple monitors in their Azure Virtual Desktop sessions, defining how many monitors can be used, what maximum resolutions are supported, and other display configuration options. These settings enable administrators to balance user experience flexibility with network bandwidth considerations and performance implications of high-resolution multi-monitor scenarios. Understanding RDP display properties and how to configure them enables providing users with appropriate display capabilities for their work requirements while managing infrastructure impacts.
Multi-monitor support enables users to extend their Azure Virtual Desktop sessions across multiple physical displays connected to their client devices, creating expanded workspace that improves productivity for users who regularly work with multiple applications or large datasets. Users might have two, three, or more monitors displaying different applications, documents, or data simultaneously. Remote Desktop Protocol and Azure Virtual Desktop clients support multi-monitor configurations allowing users to leverage their full display hardware when connecting to remote sessions.
Workspace sharing across multiple Azure Virtual Desktop deployments or other Azure services enables centralized monitoring but requires careful access control. If multiple teams or environments send diagnostics to shared workspaces, role-based access control and workspace segmentation features ensure teams access only their relevant data. Alternatively, dedicated workspaces per environment provide natural isolation at the cost of requiring separate Insights workbook instances for each workspace.
Initial deployment should always include full diagnostic configuration enabling comprehensive log collection from the outset. Attempting to troubleshoot issues or understand usage patterns without diagnostic logging severely hampers these activities. Organizations should treat diagnostic configuration as a mandatory deployment step rather than an optional enhancement, ensuring operational visibility exists from the first user connections rather than being retroactively enabled after problems occur and historical data is unavailable.
Maintenance of diagnostic configurations includes monitoring for disabled settings that might occur due to misconfiguration or template redeployments that don’t preserve diagnostic settings. Automation or regular audits should verify diagnostic settings remain properly configured on all Azure Virtual Desktop resources, alerting administrators if settings are found disabled. Continuous validation ensures logging doesn’t silently stop due to configuration drift leaving environments without monitoring visibility.
