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Question 121
A global enterprise needs to connect multiple branch offices to AWS workloads in multiple regions with consistent low latency, high availability, and centralized security management. Which solution offers the most scalable and resilient architecture?
A) Configure individual Site-to-Site VPNs from each branch office to each regional VPC with manually maintained routing tables
B) Implement AWS Direct Connect with redundant links to a central hub, use Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, and deploy Network Firewall for centralized traffic inspection
C) Use public internet connections with TLS encryption between branch offices and AWS regions
D) Deploy EC2-based VPN appliances in each regional VPC and configure dynamic routing manually
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing a global enterprise network that connects multiple branch offices to AWS workloads across regions requires an architecture that delivers predictable low latency, high availability, and centralized security control. Relying on public internet connections or manually configured VPNs introduces latency variability, operational complexity, and potential security gaps.
AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated, private connection between on-premises networks or colocation facilities and AWS. By establishing redundant Direct Connect links, enterprises achieve high availability and predictable network performance, which is critical for latency-sensitive applications such as real-time analytics or VoIP services. A single hub location with redundant connections simplifies management and reduces operational complexity.
AWS Transit Gateway enables centralized routing across multiple VPCs, allowing administrators to define dynamic routing policies that scale efficiently. With inter-region peering, Transit Gateway provides private connectivity between regional VPCs, avoiding the public internet and ensuring consistent performance for cross-region workloads. Route propagation and centralized route tables reduce administrative overhead and allow automatic updates as networks evolve.
To enforce centralized security policies, AWS Network Firewall can be deployed at the Transit Gateway hub. It provides stateful traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and logging, ensuring all branch office traffic adheres to enterprise security standards. Centralizing security eliminates the need for multiple firewall appliances across VPCs and regions, simplifying compliance and audit processes.
Option A with individual VPNs is operationally complex and does not guarantee low-latency connections. Option C exposes sensitive traffic to public internet variability, which violates security best practices. Option D requires extensive manual configuration, introduces single points of failure, and lacks scalability for a global enterprise.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, and Network Firewall, the enterprise achieves a robust, scalable, and secure multi-region architecture with predictable low-latency connectivity, centralized policy enforcement, and high availability, ensuring optimal performance and security for global users and applications.
Question 122
A multinational organization is designing a multi-region VPC architecture for latency-sensitive, high-throughput applications. They need private connectivity, centralized traffic control, and regulatory compliance. Which design is most appropriate?
A) Establish multiple VPC peering connections across regions with manually configured route tables
B) Implement Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, centralized route tables, and Network Firewall for stateful traffic inspection
C) Deploy public-facing ALBs in each region and configure Route 53 latency-based routing
D) Use EC2-based NAT instances to route traffic between regions and manage manually
Answer: B
Explanation:
Designing multi-region VPC architectures for latency-sensitive, high-throughput applications requires private connectivity, centralized traffic management, and compliance readiness. Manual point-to-point VPC peering becomes complex, error-prone, and difficult to scale as the number of VPCs increases. Public-facing solutions, while simple, do not guarantee predictable latency or compliance.
AWS Transit Gateway provides a hub-and-spoke connectivity model, enabling centralized routing for multiple VPCs across regions. Inter-region peering with Transit Gateway allows private, low-latency communication between VPCs without traversing the public internet. Centralized route tables simplify traffic management and enable administrators to define consistent policies for multiple regions, improving operational efficiency and reducing configuration errors.
AWS Network Firewall enhances security by providing stateful inspection, intrusion detection, and traffic filtering at the hub. This ensures all inter-region traffic adheres to regulatory requirements, such as HIPAA or PCI DSS, and provides detailed logging for auditing purposes. Deploying a centralized firewall reduces operational overhead, avoids duplication of security resources, and simplifies compliance monitoring.
Option A with multiple VPC peering connections becomes increasingly unmanageable at scale and cannot easily enforce centralized policies. Option C relies on public ALBs, which introduces variability in latency, reduces predictability, and exposes traffic to public internet risks. Option D with EC2 NAT instances adds manual operational complexity, single points of failure, and throughput limitations.
By leveraging Transit Gateway with inter-region peering and Network Firewall, organizations can achieve a secure, highly performant, and compliant multi-region network that supports latency-sensitive, high-throughput workloads efficiently. Centralized traffic management and inspection simplify operations while ensuring regulatory compliance, making this design ideal for multinational enterprises.
Question 123
A company is migrating critical financial workloads to AWS and requires encrypted, highly available, and low-latency connectivity for cross-region replication. Which architecture best meets these requirements?
A) Set up multiple Site-to-Site VPN tunnels over the internet with failover scripts
B) Use AWS Direct Connect with redundant connections, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and VPN over Direct Connect for encryption
C) Deploy EC2-based VPN appliances in each VPC and manually configure routing
D) Configure public ALBs in each region with TLS termination for replication traffic
Answer: B
Explanation:
When migrating critical financial workloads, achieving highly available, low-latency, and encrypted cross-region connectivity is essential for data consistency, compliance, and performance. Internet-based VPNs introduce unpredictable latency and bandwidth variability, making them unsuitable for replication of financial data.
AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated, private connections to AWS, ensuring predictable performance, high throughput, and low latency. Redundant Direct Connect links increase availability and resilience, meeting enterprise SLAs for financial workloads. Direct Connect eliminates reliance on the public internet, reducing exposure to latency spikes and packet loss.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering allows private, scalable, low-latency communication between VPCs in different regions. This hub-and-spoke model removes the complexity of multiple VPC peering connections and centralizes route management. Centralized route tables simplify the configuration of replication traffic paths and improve operational efficiency.
Although Direct Connect is private, compliance requirements may mandate encryption. AWS VPN over Direct Connect provides IPsec encryption, securing sensitive financial data during transit. Network Firewall integration adds stateful traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and centralized logging, ensuring both security and compliance requirements are met across all regions.
Option A with multiple VPN tunnels over the internet cannot guarantee predictable low-latency, high-throughput performance. Option C using EC2-based VPN appliances introduces operational complexity, throughput limits, and single points of failure. Option D with public ALBs exposes sensitive replication traffic to the internet, which violates security and compliance standards.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, VPN encryption, and Network Firewall, enterprises achieve a robust, secure, low-latency, and highly available architecture for cross-region financial workload replication, ensuring compliance and operational efficiency while minimizing risk.
Question 124
A large enterprise runs multi-tier applications across multiple VPCs and regions and wants centralized traffic management, global low-latency performance, and security enforcement without complex VPC peering. Which architecture is ideal?
A) Deploy multiple VPC peering connections with manually configured NACLs and security groups
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway for centralized routing, Network Firewall for inspection, and Global Accelerator for global traffic optimization
C) Configure public ALBs in all regions with Route 53 latency-based routing
D) Deploy EC2-based NAT appliances and manually configure BGP sessions between regions
Answer: B
Explanation:
Managing multi-tier applications across multiple VPCs and regions requires an architecture that provides centralized routing, security enforcement, and global low-latency performance. Traditional VPC peering across regions scales poorly and is operationally cumbersome, especially when centralized policy enforcement is required.
AWS Transit Gateway provides centralized routing across multiple VPCs, simplifying traffic management and eliminating the need for numerous point-to-point connections. Inter-region peering extends private connectivity across regions while maintaining low-latency, high-throughput communication paths.
Network Firewall provides stateful inspection, intrusion detection, and logging at the Transit Gateway hub, centralizing security policy enforcement and ensuring compliance with enterprise standards. This avoids the complexity of deploying multiple firewalls across regions and ensures uniform security controls.
AWS Global Accelerator optimizes global traffic routing, directing end-user requests to the nearest healthy endpoints based on location and network health. It reduces latency and improves availability for multi-region applications, offering a more reliable experience than relying solely on public DNS and ALBs.
Option A with multiple VPC peering connections is difficult to scale and maintain. Option C using public ALBs introduces public internet exposure and inconsistent latency. Option D with EC2 NAT appliances introduces manual configuration, single points of failure, and limited throughput.
By combining Transit Gateway, Network Firewall, and Global Accelerator, enterprises achieve a centralized, secure, high-performance architecture capable of supporting multi-tier applications across multiple VPCs and regions with consistent low-latency and simplified management.
Question 125
A multinational organization requires end-to-end private connectivity for its SaaS application across multiple AWS regions with minimal latency and centralized security control. Which design is most suitable?
A) Configure Site-to-Site VPNs for each region and rely on manual routing and security groups
B) Use AWS Direct Connect with redundant links, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall for policy enforcement
C) Deploy public-facing ALBs in all regions with Route 53 weighted routing
D) Utilize EC2-based VPN appliances to connect regions and manually configure BGP routes
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a multinational SaaS application, achieving private, low-latency connectivity across regions while enforcing centralized security controls is critical for performance, compliance, and operational simplicity. Public internet paths or manually configured VPNs introduce variability, latency, and potential security risks.
AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated connections to AWS, offering predictable low latency, high throughput, and redundancy through multiple links. Direct Connect ensures that critical application traffic does not traverse the public internet, reducing the risk of latency spikes, jitter, and security exposure.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering enables private, scalable connectivity across multiple AWS regions. Centralized route tables simplify routing management, improve operational efficiency, and allow consistent traffic segmentation and control.
Network Firewall integration ensures centralized traffic inspection, stateful filtering, and logging, enforcing security and compliance policies across regions. This approach eliminates the need for multiple firewall instances in each VPC, reducing complexity and operational overhead while ensuring uniform security enforcement.
Option A introduces high latency and operational complexity. Option C exposes traffic to the public internet, reducing reliability and security. Option D with EC2-based VPN appliances adds manual configuration, single points of failure, and throughput limitations.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall, organizations achieve a scalable, secure, low-latency architecture for global SaaS workloads, ensuring private connectivity, centralized policy enforcement, and consistent high performance.
Question 126
An organization runs a mission-critical application across multiple AWS regions and needs private, low-latency communication between regions with centralized monitoring, logging, and security inspection. Which architecture best fulfills these requirements?
A) Configure multiple VPC peering connections between regional VPCs and manage routing manually with NACLs and security groups
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, integrate AWS Network Firewall for traffic inspection, and enable centralized CloudWatch logging for monitoring
C) Deploy EC2-based VPN appliances in each region with manually configured IPsec tunnels and centralized logging scripts
D) Utilize public-facing ALBs in each region with TLS encryption and Route 53 latency-based routing
Answer: B
Explanation:
For mission-critical applications spanning multiple AWS regions, organizations require an architecture that provides private, low-latency connectivity, centralized security management, and comprehensive monitoring and logging. Implementing multiple point-to-point VPC peering connections can work for small deployments but quickly becomes unmanageable as the number of VPCs grows. Similarly, relying on public-facing ALBs exposes traffic to the internet and introduces latency variability, which is not acceptable for mission-critical workloads.
AWS Transit Gateway provides a central hub for connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks, which simplifies routing management, reduces operational complexity, and ensures low-latency connectivity. By enabling inter-region peering, the Transit Gateway allows private traffic to traverse the AWS global backbone, significantly reducing latency compared to internet-based solutions. Centralized route tables simplify traffic flow management and ensure consistency across regions.
AWS Network Firewall integrates seamlessly with Transit Gateway, providing stateful inspection, intrusion detection, and traffic filtering at the central hub. This ensures that all inter-region traffic adheres to enterprise security policies and regulatory compliance requirements. Centralized firewalls reduce the need to deploy individual appliances in each region, simplifying management and reducing operational costs.
For monitoring and observability, integrating Amazon CloudWatch allows organizations to capture logs, metrics, and alarms from the Transit Gateway and Network Firewall, providing end-to-end visibility of network traffic. Centralized logging facilitates compliance audits, troubleshooting, and operational optimization. CloudWatch metrics and alarms help detect anomalies or potential bottlenecks early, ensuring high availability and performance.
Option A using multiple VPC peering connections requires extensive manual route and security management, making it error-prone and difficult to scale. Option C with EC2-based VPN appliances introduces single points of failure, manual BGP configuration, and throughput limitations, which are unsuitable for mission-critical workloads. Option D with public ALBs increases exposure to public networks, adding latency variability and potential security risks.
By combining Transit Gateway, inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized CloudWatch logging, organizations can achieve a highly available, low-latency, and secure multi-region architecture with centralized visibility and simplified operations, making it ideal for mission-critical applications.
Question 127
A company needs to implement a secure, high-throughput connection from its on-premises datacenter to multiple AWS regions. The solution must ensure predictable latency, encryption in transit, and centralized traffic inspection. Which architecture satisfies these requirements?
A) Use individual Site-to-Site VPN tunnels from the datacenter to each regional VPC with manual routing
B) Implement AWS Direct Connect with redundant connections, Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, and VPN overlay for encryption
C) Deploy EC2-based VPN appliances in each region and configure manual BGP routing
D) Connect via the public internet using TLS-encrypted traffic to each regional ALB
Answer: B
Explanation:
For organizations requiring secure, high-throughput, and predictable connections from on-premises environments to multiple AWS regions, a solution must combine dedicated private connectivity, centralized routing, and encryption in transit. Public internet connections or point-to-point VPNs can be operationally complex and introduce unpredictable latency and security risks.
AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated physical connections from the datacenter to AWS, offering high bandwidth, low latency, and predictable performance. Redundant Direct Connect connections ensure high availability, mitigating single points of failure. This setup is ideal for throughput-intensive workloads, such as large-scale data replication, real-time analytics, or enterprise applications.
To enable multi-region connectivity, Transit Gateway with inter-region peering allows private traffic to traverse the AWS global backbone efficiently. Transit Gateway simplifies route management through centralized route tables, allowing consistent traffic paths and eliminating the complexity of multiple VPC peering connections. Centralized routing ensures optimal performance and scalability as the network grows.
Although Direct Connect provides private connectivity, encryption may still be required for regulatory compliance or corporate security policies. Implementing a VPN overlay on top of Direct Connect provides IPsec encryption for all traffic while maintaining predictable performance. This hybrid approach balances security with low-latency connectivity.
AWS Network Firewall can be deployed at the Transit Gateway hub for centralized stateful inspection, threat detection, and logging, ensuring all network traffic complies with corporate policies and regulations. Centralized inspection reduces operational overhead by avoiding multiple firewall instances in each region.
Option A with individual VPNs is difficult to scale and lacks predictable latency. Option C using EC2 VPN appliances introduces operational complexity, single points of failure, and limited throughput. Option D relying on public internet connections exposes traffic to variability and security concerns.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, VPN encryption, and centralized Network Firewall, enterprises achieve a secure, low-latency, and highly available multi-region network with predictable throughput and centralized traffic inspection, satisfying both performance and compliance requirements.
Question 128
An enterprise runs multi-region workloads and requires centralized route management, low-latency inter-region traffic, and enforcement of network security policies. Which design provides the most scalable and secure solution?
A) Multiple VPC peering connections with manual route table updates and security group enforcement
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, centralized route tables, and Network Firewall for traffic inspection
C) Public ALBs in each region with Route 53 latency-based routing and TLS termination
D) EC2-based NAT and VPN appliances configured manually with BGP
Answer: B
Explanation:
For multi-region workloads, achieving centralized route management, low-latency connectivity, and consistent security enforcement is critical for performance, operational efficiency, and compliance. Traditional point-to-point VPC peering scales poorly as the number of VPCs and regions increases, making manual route and security management error-prone and difficult to maintain.
AWS Transit Gateway provides a centralized hub-and-spoke routing model, simplifying connectivity between multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. Centralized route tables allow administrators to define consistent routing policies across regions, reducing operational complexity and ensuring predictable traffic paths. Inter-region peering extends this connectivity to multiple regions with low-latency, high-throughput performance via the AWS backbone.
AWS Network Firewall integrates at the Transit Gateway hub to provide stateful traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and logging, ensuring all inter-region traffic adheres to enterprise security policies. Centralized inspection reduces the operational burden of deploying multiple firewalls in each VPC, improving compliance and visibility. Firewall rules can be applied consistently, ensuring regulatory requirements like PCI DSS, HIPAA, or SOC 2 are met.
Option A with multiple VPC peering connections becomes increasingly unmanageable and lacks centralized policy enforcement. Option C using public ALBs exposes traffic to the internet, introduces latency variability, and does not provide private inter-region traffic. Option D with EC2 VPN appliances adds operational complexity, throughput limitations, and potential single points of failure.
Combining Transit Gateway, inter-region peering, centralized route tables, and Network Firewall provides a scalable, secure, and efficient multi-region network architecture. This design supports enterprise workloads that demand low-latency connectivity, centralized control, and compliance enforcement while minimizing operational overhead.
Question 129
A global SaaS provider needs predictable, high-throughput, and secure connectivity for its users across multiple AWS regions. It also requires centralized routing and traffic inspection. Which solution best meets these requirements?
A) Deploy public ALBs in each region with Route 53 weighted routing and TLS encryption
B) Use AWS Direct Connect with redundant links, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall for inspection
C) Configure EC2 VPN appliances in each region with manual IPsec tunnels
D) Set up point-to-point Site-to-Site VPNs from each office to every region
Answer: B
Explanation:
For global SaaS providers, predictable, high-throughput, secure connectivity is critical to meet SLAs, provide a responsive user experience, and maintain compliance. Public ALBs with Route 53 provide some latency optimization but cannot guarantee predictable throughput or private connectivity, leaving traffic exposed to internet variability.
AWS Direct Connect ensures private, dedicated connections between enterprise networks and AWS regions, providing consistent low-latency, high-throughput performance. Redundant Direct Connect links improve availability and provide failover capabilities, critical for global SaaS applications serving thousands or millions of users.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering enables centralized routing between regional VPCs, eliminating the complexity of multiple point-to-point connections and supporting high-throughput private inter-region traffic. Centralized route tables allow consistent policies across regions, simplifying network management and improving operational efficiency.
AWS Network Firewall provides centralized traffic inspection, stateful filtering, and intrusion detection at the Transit Gateway hub. This ensures all user and application traffic meets security requirements and regulatory compliance, avoiding the need for multiple firewalls in each region. Centralized monitoring and logging enhance observability and incident response capabilities.
Option A exposes traffic to the public internet, introducing latency variability and potential security concerns. Option C using EC2 VPN appliances adds complexity, single points of failure, and throughput limitations. Option D with multiple VPNs is operationally intensive and does not provide predictable performance or centralized control.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall, SaaS providers achieve a highly available, secure, low-latency, and centrally managed multi-region network, ensuring consistent user experience and simplified operational management.
Question 130
A financial institution requires end-to-end private connectivity between multiple AWS regions for real-time transaction processing. They also need centralized security enforcement, low latency, and compliance-ready logging. Which architecture is most appropriate?
A) Deploy multiple Site-to-Site VPNs over the internet with failover scripts and manual logging
B) Implement AWS Direct Connect with redundant connections, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall for centralized policy enforcement
C) Configure EC2-based VPN appliances in each region with manual routing and logging scripts
D) Use public ALBs with Route 53 latency-based routing and TLS termination for traffic encryption
Answer: B
Explanation:
Financial institutions require highly secure, low-latency, and compliant network architectures for real-time transaction processing. Internet-based VPNs, public-facing ALBs, or EC2-based VPN appliances introduce latency variability, operational complexity, and potential security exposure, making them unsuitable for critical financial workloads.
AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated private connectivity between the financial institution’s network and AWS regions, ensuring predictable latency, high throughput, and redundancy. Redundant connections prevent single points of failure, maintaining high availability for transaction processing workloads.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering enables private communication between multiple AWS regions with centralized routing, eliminating the complexity of maintaining multiple VPC peering connections. Centralized route tables allow consistent, policy-driven routing across regions, supporting low-latency communication essential for real-time applications.
AWS Network Firewall integrated with Transit Gateway provides centralized traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and logging, ensuring compliance with regulatory frameworks such as PCI DSS and SOC 2. Centralized logging through CloudWatch and AWS Firewall Manager enables audit readiness and detailed visibility for compliance and security monitoring.
Option A using multiple internet VPNs introduces latency and operational overhead, failing to meet performance SLAs. Option C with EC2 VPN appliances adds single points of failure and requires manual configuration, limiting scalability and predictability. Option D exposes sensitive traffic to the public internet, introducing unnecessary risk and latency variability.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall, financial institutions can achieve a secure, low-latency, highly available, and compliance-ready multi-region network, enabling reliable real-time transaction processing while simplifying operational management.
Question 131
A company runs a multi-tier web application deployed in multiple AWS regions. They require private, low-latency inter-region communication, centralized network security, and monitoring of all traffic flows. Which architecture best meets these requirements?
A) Deploy individual VPC peering connections between each regional VPC and manage security groups and NACLs manually
B) Implement AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, integrate AWS Network Firewall for inspection, and enable centralized CloudWatch monitoring
C) Use EC2-based VPN appliances in each region with manually configured IPsec tunnels
D) Configure public-facing ALBs with TLS termination and Route 53 latency-based routing
Answer: B
Explanation:
For multi-tier web applications deployed across multiple AWS regions, ensuring low-latency private inter-region traffic, centralized network security, and comprehensive monitoring is crucial. Point-to-point VPC peering is viable for a few VPCs but becomes complex and error-prone as the number of VPCs increases. Similarly, public-facing ALBs expose traffic to the internet, introducing latency variability and security risks.
AWS Transit Gateway acts as a centralized hub for connecting multiple VPCs and on-premises networks, offering simplified routing and policy management. Inter-region peering extends the connectivity to multiple regions with low-latency traffic flows over the AWS backbone, ensuring predictable performance for mission-critical workloads. Centralized route tables make managing network traffic across regions easier and reduce operational overhead.
AWS Network Firewall provides stateful inspection, intrusion detection, and threat mitigation at the Transit Gateway hub. This centralized approach allows consistent security policy enforcement across regions, reducing the need for individual firewalls in each VPC and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. It can also log all traffic flows, which aids auditing and operational visibility.
Centralized monitoring using Amazon CloudWatch captures metrics, alarms, and logs from the Transit Gateway and Network Firewall, enabling administrators to track traffic patterns, detect anomalies, and maintain compliance. This level of observability is essential for troubleshooting and performance optimization in multi-region deployments.
Option A with multiple VPC peering connections requires complex, manual routing and does not scale efficiently. Option C using EC2-based VPN appliances introduces throughput limitations, potential single points of failure, and operational complexity. Option D exposes traffic to the public internet, compromising security and predictable performance.
By combining Transit Gateway, inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch monitoring, organizations can create a highly available, secure, and scalable multi-region architecture that meets low-latency, centralized security, and monitoring requirements.
Question 132
A global enterprise wants to securely connect its on-premises data centers to multiple AWS regions with high throughput, predictable latency, and centralized traffic inspection. Which solution is most suitable?
A) Deploy multiple Site-to-Site VPNs from each data center to each regional VPC
B) Use AWS Direct Connect with redundant connections, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and VPN overlay for encryption
C) Configure EC2-based VPN appliances in each region with manual BGP routing
D) Use public internet connections with TLS encryption to regional ALBs
Answer: B
Explanation:
For global enterprises requiring high-throughput, low-latency, and secure connectivity to multiple AWS regions, public internet or point-to-point VPNs are insufficient due to latency variability, security risks, and operational complexity. A solution must combine private connectivity, centralized routing, and encryption in transit to satisfy enterprise requirements.
AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated, private network connections from on-premises data centers to AWS, offering predictable latency and high throughput. Redundant connections improve availability and minimize the risk of downtime. This is essential for mission-critical workloads, such as financial systems, real-time analytics, or globally distributed applications.
To manage multi-region connectivity efficiently, Transit Gateway with inter-region peering centralizes routing between regional VPCs. Centralized route tables eliminate the need for multiple VPC peering connections, simplifying management, and ensuring consistent traffic flows. The combination of Direct Connect and Transit Gateway ensures low-latency private traffic across regions.
Although Direct Connect offers private connectivity, encryption is sometimes required for regulatory or corporate compliance. Adding a VPN overlay ensures IPsec encryption without sacrificing performance, combining security and predictable throughput.
AWS Network Firewall can be integrated at the Transit Gateway hub to provide centralized stateful traffic inspection and threat detection, reducing operational overhead and ensuring all traffic adheres to corporate security policies. Centralized CloudWatch logging facilitates auditing and monitoring, enhancing observability.
Option A with multiple VPNs is difficult to scale and introduces latency variability. Option C with EC2 VPN appliances adds complexity, throughput limitations, and single points of failure. Option D relying on public internet connections increases exposure to latency variability and security risks.
By leveraging Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, VPN overlays, and Network Firewall, enterprises achieve highly available, secure, and low-latency multi-region connectivity that satisfies enterprise SLAs and compliance requirements.
Question 133
A company operates multi-region workloads and requires low-latency inter-region communication, centralized routing, and network security enforcement. Which design offers the most scalable and secure approach?
A) Multiple VPC peering connections with manual routing and security group management
B) AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, centralized route tables, and Network Firewall integration
C) Public ALBs with Route 53 latency-based routing and TLS termination
D) EC2-based NAT and VPN appliances configured manually with BGP
Answer: B
Explanation:
Multi-region workloads demand efficient, low-latency connectivity, centralized routing, and robust security enforcement. Multiple VPC peering connections become unmanageable at scale and require constant manual updates for routes and security configurations. Public-facing ALBs expose traffic to the internet and cannot guarantee low-latency private communication. EC2-based VPN appliances introduce throughput limitations, single points of failure, and operational complexity.
AWS Transit Gateway solves these issues by providing a centralized hub-and-spoke network architecture, allowing VPCs and on-premises networks to connect efficiently. Inter-region peering extends connectivity across regions using the AWS backbone, delivering predictable low-latency performance. Centralized route tables allow consistent routing policies across regions, reducing operational errors.
AWS Network Firewall integrated at the Transit Gateway hub ensures centralized traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and compliance enforcement, eliminating the need for multiple appliances in each VPC. Firewall rules can be applied consistently across regions, supporting regulatory compliance for industries such as finance, healthcare, and SaaS.
Centralized monitoring and logging using CloudWatch enhances visibility into network performance, traffic patterns, and security events. Alerts and alarms enable rapid incident response and performance optimization. This architecture supports scalability, security, and observability while minimizing operational overhead.
Option A with multiple VPC peering connections scales poorly and lacks centralized security enforcement. Option C with public ALBs exposes workloads to internet variability. Option D using EC2 VPN appliances introduces operational risk and complexity.
Combining Transit Gateway, inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized monitoring provides a scalable, secure, low-latency network design, ideal for enterprises with multi-region workloads that require efficiency, performance, and compliance.
Question 134
A SaaS provider wants high-throughput, low-latency, and secure connectivity for users across multiple AWS regions, with centralized route management and traffic inspection. Which solution fulfills these requirements?
A) Deploy public ALBs in each region with Route 53 weighted routing and TLS encryption
B) Use AWS Direct Connect with redundant connections, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall for inspection
C) Configure EC2 VPN appliances in each region with manual IPsec tunnels
D) Set up Site-to-Site VPNs from each office to every region
Answer: B
Explanation:
Global SaaS providers must deliver predictable, high-throughput, and secure connectivity while maintaining centralized routing and traffic inspection for operational efficiency and compliance. Public ALBs and Route 53 weighted routing cannot provide predictable performance or private connectivity. Multiple VPNs and EC2 appliances introduce operational complexity, potential single points of failure, and throughput limitations.
AWS Direct Connect offers dedicated, private network connections to AWS regions, providing low-latency, high-throughput connectivity essential for serving a global user base. Redundant connections improve availability, ensuring uninterrupted service.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering enables private, centralized routing between multiple regions, eliminating the need for multiple point-to-point connections. Centralized route tables allow consistent traffic management and simplify network operations.
AWS Network Firewall integrated with the Transit Gateway hub provides stateful traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and centralized security enforcement. Centralized monitoring with CloudWatch ensures visibility into traffic, enables rapid troubleshooting, and supports compliance with regulations such as SOC 2, PCI DSS, and HIPAA.
Option A exposes traffic to the public internet, introducing latency variability and potential security risks. Option C adds complexity and limited throughput. Option D with multiple VPNs is operationally intensive and unpredictable in performance.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall, SaaS providers achieve a highly available, secure, low-latency, and centrally managed multi-region network, ensuring consistent user experience and simplified operational management.
Question 135
A financial institution needs end-to-end private connectivity between multiple AWS regions for real-time transaction processing. They require centralized security enforcement, low latency, and compliance-ready logging. Which architecture is most appropriate?
A) Deploy multiple Site-to-Site VPNs over the internet with failover scripts and manual logging
B) Implement AWS Direct Connect with redundant connections, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall for centralized policy enforcement
C) Configure EC2-based VPN appliances in each region with manual routing and logging scripts
D) Use public ALBs with Route 53 latency-based routing and TLS termination for traffic encryption
Answer: B
Explanation:
Financial institutions operate under strict security and compliance requirements, necessitating architectures that provide end-to-end private connectivity, low latency, centralized security enforcement, and audit-ready logging. Internet-based VPNs, public-facing ALBs, or EC2 VPN appliances introduce latency variability, single points of failure, and operational complexity, making them unsuitable for critical financial workloads.
AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated private connectivity between the financial institution’s network and AWS regions, ensuring predictable latency, high throughput, and high availability. Redundant connections prevent downtime and meet stringent service-level agreements for real-time transactions.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering allows private communication between multiple AWS regions with centralized routing, eliminating the need for multiple VPC peering connections. Centralized route tables enforce consistent traffic flows and optimize low-latency paths critical for real-time processing.
AWS Network Firewall integrated with Transit Gateway provides centralized policy enforcement, stateful traffic inspection, and intrusion detection, ensuring compliance with regulatory frameworks like PCI DSS and SOC 2. Centralized logging through CloudWatch and Firewall Manager enhances audit readiness and visibility into all inter-region traffic.
Option A using multiple internet VPNs introduces latency and operational overhead. Option C with EC2 VPN appliances adds single points of failure and manual configuration overhead. Option D exposes sensitive traffic to the public internet, introducing latency variability and security risk.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall, financial institutions achieve a secure, low-latency, highly available, and compliance-ready multi-region network, supporting reliable real-time transaction processing and simplified operational management.
Question 136
A multinational company is designing a network architecture that spans multiple AWS regions and on-premises locations. They require private connectivity, low-latency inter-region traffic, centralized routing, and consistent security inspection. Which solution is optimal?
A) Establish multiple VPC peering connections and configure security groups individually for each VPC
B) Use AWS Transit Gateway with inter-region peering, deploy AWS Network Firewall for centralized inspection, and monitor using CloudWatch
C) Configure public-facing ALBs in each region and use Route 53 latency-based routing with TLS encryption
D) Deploy EC2-based VPN appliances in each region and manually configure IPsec tunnels
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a global enterprise requiring low-latency inter-region traffic, private connectivity, centralized routing, and comprehensive security enforcement, designing an efficient network architecture is critical. Point-to-point VPC peering is only feasible for a limited number of VPCs; scaling beyond a handful introduces routing complexity, operational overhead, and management difficulties. Similarly, public-facing ALBs and Route 53 latency-based routing cannot provide fully private connectivity or guarantee predictable latency, while EC2 VPN appliances introduce throughput limitations and single points of failure.
AWS Transit Gateway provides a centralized hub-and-spoke network design that simplifies interconnectivity between multiple VPCs and on-premises locations. By leveraging inter-region peering, Transit Gateway ensures low-latency traffic flows across AWS regions over the AWS global backbone, which is optimized for predictable performance. Centralized route tables allow network administrators to define consistent policies, reducing misconfigurations and routing errors.
AWS Network Firewall deployed at the Transit Gateway hub provides stateful inspection, intrusion prevention, and centralized threat management, ensuring that all inter-region and on-premises traffic adheres to corporate and regulatory security requirements. This is particularly important for enterprises operating in finance, healthcare, and SaaS industries, where compliance and audit requirements are strict.
CloudWatch integration enhances observability, monitoring, and troubleshooting by capturing metrics, logs, and alarms. Administrators can analyze network traffic patterns, detect anomalies, and quickly respond to potential security incidents. This centralized monitoring reduces the operational burden compared to managing individual monitoring for each VPC or appliance.
Option A with multiple VPC peering connections introduces a complex mesh network that becomes increasingly unmanageable as the number of VPCs and regions grows. Option C exposes traffic to the public internet, adding latency variability and potential security risks. Option D with EC2-based VPN appliances introduces operational overhead, scalability challenges, and throughput bottlenecks.
By combining Transit Gateway inter-region peering, AWS Network Firewall, and CloudWatch monitoring, enterprises achieve a highly available, secure, low-latency, and scalable network architecture, ideal for global, mission-critical workloads requiring centralized management and compliance readiness.
Question 137
A SaaS provider wants to deploy multi-region applications with private, high-throughput connectivity, centralized traffic inspection, and observability for regulatory compliance. Which AWS solution best meets these requirements?
A) Deploy multiple Site-to-Site VPNs from each on-premises location to each regional VPC
B) Use AWS Direct Connect with redundant connections, integrate Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and deploy Network Firewall for centralized inspection
C) Configure EC2 VPN appliances in each region with manually managed IPsec tunnels
D) Use public ALBs with Route 53 latency-based routing and TLS termination
Answer: B
Explanation:
SaaS providers running multi-region workloads require secure, high-throughput, low-latency, and observable network architecture to support global users and meet regulatory compliance standards. Public ALBs and Route 53 routing expose traffic to the internet, introducing unpredictable latency and security risks. Similarly, multiple Site-to-Site VPNs or EC2-based VPN appliances create operational complexity, single points of failure, and throughput limitations, making them unsuitable for enterprise-grade, multi-region deployments.
AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated private connections to AWS, ensuring predictable low-latency and high-bandwidth performance, essential for applications requiring real-time processing or sensitive data transfers. By using redundant connections, availability is enhanced, reducing the risk of downtime and ensuring compliance with enterprise SLAs.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering enables centralized routing between multiple regions, avoiding the need for complex mesh VPC peering. Centralized route tables reduce configuration errors and provide predictable paths for application traffic, ensuring consistent performance across regions.
AWS Network Firewall integrated with the Transit Gateway hub provides centralized traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and stateful security policies, ensuring that all traffic adheres to corporate and regulatory compliance standards. Centralized CloudWatch monitoring captures metrics, logs, and alarms, enhancing visibility into network traffic and enabling operational teams to respond proactively to potential threats or performance issues.
Option A with multiple VPNs is complex, hard to scale, and does not offer the predictable latency and throughput required. Option C introduces operational risk and management complexity due to manual configuration of appliances. Option D exposes the network to public internet variability and may compromise security and compliance.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and centralized observability, SaaS providers can deploy a scalable, secure, high-performance, and compliance-ready multi-region network that meets enterprise-grade standards for throughput, latency, and regulatory reporting.
Question 138
A global financial services company needs private, low-latency connectivity across multiple AWS regions, centralized traffic inspection, and logging for compliance audits. Which architecture fulfills these requirements most effectively?
A) Multiple VPC peering connections with manually managed security groups and route tables
B) AWS Direct Connect with redundant links, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and Network Firewall for centralized inspection
C) EC2-based VPN appliances in each region with manual IPsec configuration and logging
D) Public-facing ALBs with Route 53 latency-based routing and TLS termination
Answer: B
Explanation:
Financial services companies operate under strict regulatory requirements, demanding private connectivity, low-latency traffic flows, centralized security inspection, and audit-ready logging. Multiple VPC peering connections become increasingly unmanageable as regions scale, requiring manual updates for routing and security groups. EC2-based VPN appliances introduce potential single points of failure, throughput constraints, and operational complexity. Public ALBs expose traffic to the internet, making it unsuitable for sensitive transactions.
AWS Direct Connect provides private, high-throughput, low-latency connections to AWS, essential for real-time transaction processing and regulatory compliance. Redundant Direct Connect links ensure high availability and continuity, critical for mission-critical financial systems.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering centralizes routing between regional VPCs and on-premises networks. Centralized route tables enable consistent traffic policies, reduce human errors, and optimize inter-region paths for predictable latency.
AWS Network Firewall integrated at the Transit Gateway hub enables stateful inspection, centralized security enforcement, and threat detection, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards such as PCI DSS, SOC 2, and GDPR. It also provides centralized logging, which is critical for audit readiness. CloudWatch integration allows operational teams to monitor traffic patterns, detect anomalies, and trigger automated alerts, enhancing visibility and security posture.
Option A scales poorly and lacks centralized security. Option C introduces operational complexity and throughput limitations. Option D exposes sensitive traffic to the public internet and cannot guarantee predictable low-latency paths.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch monitoring, the organization achieves a secure, scalable, compliant, and low-latency network, meeting both operational and regulatory requirements for global financial workloads.
Question 139
A global enterprise wants to implement a multi-region architecture with high throughput, centralized security inspection, and end-to-end observability. Which AWS architecture best achieves this?
A) Deploy multiple Site-to-Site VPNs between on-premises locations and each regional VPC
B) Use AWS Direct Connect with redundant links, integrate Transit Gateway inter-region peering, and deploy Network Firewall with CloudWatch monitoring
C) Configure EC2 VPN appliances in each region with manually maintained IPsec tunnels
D) Deploy public-facing ALBs with Route 53 weighted routing and TLS termination
Answer: B
Explanation:
Multi-region architectures for global enterprises require predictable high throughput, low latency, centralized security, and comprehensive observability. Deploying multiple VPNs introduces operational overhead, limited throughput, and unpredictable latency. EC2 VPN appliances require manual configuration and maintenance, creating potential single points of failure. Public-facing ALBs route traffic over the internet, exposing applications to latency variability and security risks.
AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated private network links to AWS, ensuring high-throughput, low-latency connections from on-premises networks. Redundant Direct Connect links enhance availability, ensuring business continuity for critical workloads.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering allows centralized routing between regional VPCs, eliminating the complexity of mesh VPC peering. Centralized route tables simplify management, provide predictable paths for inter-region traffic, and reduce operational risk.
AWS Network Firewall enables stateful inspection, centralized security enforcement, and compliance adherence. By deploying Network Firewall at the Transit Gateway hub, the enterprise can enforce consistent security policies across regions. CloudWatch monitoring provides observability for traffic patterns, threat detection, and operational analytics, ensuring rapid incident response and regulatory audit readiness.
Option A with multiple VPNs is operationally intensive, does not scale efficiently, and lacks centralized inspection. Option C introduces single points of failure and manual complexity. Option D exposes traffic to public internet risks, making it unsuitable for private, compliant workloads.
Combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch monitoring enables a scalable, secure, low-latency, and observable network, ideal for global enterprise workloads requiring centralized management, regulatory compliance, and high performance.
Question 140
A SaaS company needs multi-region connectivity with low-latency traffic, centralized firewall policies, and comprehensive monitoring. Which architecture satisfies these requirements?
A) Multiple VPC peering connections with separate firewalls in each VPC
B) AWS Direct Connect with redundant connections, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, Network Firewall for centralized inspection, and CloudWatch for observability
C) Public-facing ALBs with Route 53 weighted routing and TLS termination
D) EC2 VPN appliances configured manually in each region with separate logging
Answer: B
Explanation:
SaaS companies deploying multi-region applications require private, low-latency connectivity, centralized security enforcement, and operational observability. Multiple VPC peering connections increase routing complexity and require separate firewalls, adding management overhead. Public-facing ALBs expose traffic to the internet and introduce latency variability and potential security vulnerabilities. EC2 VPN appliances require manual maintenance and create single points of failure, making them unsuitable for scalable, high-performance workloads.
AWS Direct Connect ensures private, dedicated, high-throughput, and low-latency connections between on-premises and AWS regions. Redundant Direct Connect links provide high availability, critical for enterprise SaaS environments with strict uptime requirements.
Transit Gateway inter-region peering centralizes routing between regions, allowing predictable traffic flows and simplified route management. AWS Network Firewall deployed at the hub provides centralized stateful traffic inspection, intrusion detection, and policy enforcement, ensuring consistent security across all regions.
CloudWatch monitoring enhances observability, performance monitoring, and logging, enabling SaaS providers to detect anomalies, audit traffic, and ensure compliance with corporate or regulatory standards. This centralized observability reduces operational overhead compared to managing multiple independent systems.
Option A requires managing multiple firewalls and routing tables individually, which is inefficient and error-prone. Option C exposes sensitive traffic to the internet. Option D introduces operational complexity and potential single points of failure.
By combining Direct Connect, Transit Gateway inter-region peering, Network Firewall, and CloudWatch monitoring, SaaS companies achieve a secure, low-latency, high-throughput, and fully observable multi-region architecture, ideal for global applications with stringent performance, security, and compliance requirements.
